1-cyano-pyrrolidine compounds as usp30 inhibitors

ABSTRACT

The present invention relates to novel compounds and method for the manufacture of inhibitors of deubiquitylating enzymes (DUBs). In particular, the invention relates to the inhibition of ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase 30 (USP30). The invention further relates to the use of DUB inhibitors in the treatment of conditions involving mitochondrial dysfunction and cancer. Compounds of the invention include compounds having the formula (II) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 , R 12 , Z, Y and m are as defined herein.

The present invention relates to novel compounds and methods for themanufacture of inhibitors of deubiquitylating enzymes (DUBs). Inparticular, the invention relates to the inhibition of ubiquitinC-terminal hydrolase 30 (USP30). The invention further relates to theuse of DUB inhibitors in the treatment of conditions involvingmitochondrial dysfunction and in the treatment of cancer.

BACKGROUND TO THE INVENTION

The listing or discussion of an apparently prior-published document inthis specification should not necessarily be taken as an acknowledgementthat the document is part of the state of the art or is common generalknowledge.

Ubiquitin is a small protein consisting of 76 amino acids that isimportant for the regulation of protein function in the cell.Ubiquitylation and deubiquitylation are enzymatically mediated processesby which ubiquitin is covalently bound or cleaved from a target proteinby deubiquitylating enzymes (DUBs), of which there are approximately 95DUBs in human cells, divided into sub-families based on sequencehomology. The USP family are characterised by their common Cys and Hisboxes which contain Cys and His residues critical for their DUBactivities. The ubiquitylation and deubiquitylation processes have beenimplicated in the regulation of many cellular functions including cellcycle progression, apoptosis, modification of cell surface receptors,regulation of DNA transcription and

DNA repair. Thus, the ubiquitin system has been implicated in thepathogenesis of numerous disease states including inflammation, viralinfection, metabolic dysfunction, CNS disorders, and oncogenesis (Clagueet al., Physiol Rev 93:1289-1315, 2013).

Ubiquitin is a master regulator of mitochondrial dynamics. Mitochondriaare dynamic organelles whose biogenesis, fusion and fission events areregulated by the post-translational regulation via ubiquitylation ofmany key factors such as mitofusins. While ubiquitin ligases such asparkin are known to ubiquitylate a number of mitochondrial proteins,until recently, deubiquitylating enzymes remained elusive. USP30 is a517 amino acid protein which is found in the mitochondrial outermembrane (Nakamura et al., Mol Biol 19:1903-11, 2008). It is the soledeubiquitylating enzyme bearing a mitochondrial addressing signal andhas been shown to deubiquitylate a number of mitochondrial proteins. Ithas been demonstrated that USP30 opposes parkin-mediated mitophagy andthat reduction of USP30 activity can rescue parkin-mediated defects inmitophagy (Bingol et al., Nature 510:370-5, 2014).

Mitochondrial dysfunction can be defined as diminished mitochondrialcontent (mitophagy or mitochondrial biogenesis), as a decrease inmitochondrial activity and oxidative phosphorylation, but also asmodulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Hence a role formitochondrial dysfunctions in a very large number of aging processes andpathologies including but not limited to, neurodegenerative diseases(e.g. Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease, Huntington'sdisease, Amylotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), muscular sclerosis),cancer, diabetes, metabolic disorders, cardio-vascular diseases,psychiatric diseases (e.g. Schizophrenia), and osteoarthritis.

For example, Parkinson's disease affects around 10 million peopleworldwide (Parkinson's Disease Foundation) and is characterised by theloss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. The exactmechanisms underlying PD are unclear; however mitochondrial dysfunctionis increasingly appreciated as a key determinant of dopaminergicneuronal susceptibility in PD and is a feature of both familial andsporadic disease, as well as in toxin-induced Parkinsonism. Parkin isone of a number of proteins that have been implicated with early onsetPD. While most PD cases are linked to defects in alpha-synuclein, 10% ofParkinson's cases are linked to specific genetic defects, one of whichis in the ubiquitin E3 ligase parkin. Parkin and the protein kinasePTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) collaborate to ubiquitylatemitochondrial membrane proteins of damaged mitochondria resulting inmitophagy. Dysregulation of mitophagy results in increased oxidativestress, which has been described as a characteristic of PD. Inhibitionof USP30 could therefore be a potential strategy for the treatment ofPD. For example, PD patients with parkin mutations leading to reducedactivity could be therapeutically compensated by inhibition of USP30.

It has been reported that depletion of USP30 enhances mitophagicclearance of mitochondria and also enhances parkin-induced cell death(Liang et al., EMBO Reports 2015 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201439820). USP30has also been shown to regulate BAX/BAK-dependent apoptosisindependently of parkin over expression. Depletion of USP30 sensitisescancer cells to BH-3 mimetics such as ABT-737, without the need forparkin over expression. Thus, an anti-apoptotic role has beendemonstrated for USP30 and USP30 is therefore a potential target foranti-cancer therapy.

To date, there have been no reports of DUB inhibitors that havesuccessfully entered the clinic. Thus, there is a need for compounds andpharmaceutical compositions to inhibit DUBs such as USP30 for thetreatment of indications where DUB activity is observed, including,although not limited to, conditions involving mitochondrial dysfunction,and cancer.

Lain& et al., Med Chem Lett. 2011, 2(2), 142-7 describes the compoundN-[(3R)-1-cyano-3-pyrrolidinyl]-4-fluoro-benzamide as an inhibitor ofCathepsin C. WO2001/077073 describes the compoundsN-(1-cyano-3-pyrrolidinyl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-carboxamide andN-(1-cyano-3-piperidinyl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-carboxamide as cathepsininhibitors. WO2009/129371 describes the compoundsN-[(3R)-1-cyano-3-pyrrolidinyl]-3-({[(3R)-1-cyano-3-pyrrolidinyl]amino}sulfonyl)benzamideandN-[(3R)-1-cyano-3-pyrrolidinyl]-3-([(3R)-3-pyrrolidinylamino]sulfonyl)-benzamideas Cathepsin C inhibitors. WO2016/021629 describes the compound1-((3S,4R)-1-cyano-4-(3,4-difluorophenyl)pyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-(1′,4-dimethyl-1-phenyl-1H,1′H-[3,4′-bipyrazol]-5-yl)ureayl)ureaas a TrkA inhibitor. These compounds may be disclaimed for the appendedclaims.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In accordance with a first aspect of the invention there is provided acompound of formula (II)

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:

m is 0 or 1;

when m is 1, Z represents C(R⁶)(R⁷)—;

R² represents a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted C₁-C₆ alkyl, anoptionally substituted C₁-C₆ alkoxy group, an optionally substituted 4to 10 membered heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, aryl or 3 to 8 memberedcycloalkyl ring;

R³, R⁴ and R⁵ each independently represent a hydrogen atom, anoptionally substituted C₁-C₃ alkyl or an optionally substituted C₁-C₃alkoxy group;

R¹, R⁶, R⁷ and R⁸ each independently represent a hydrogen atom, afluorine atom, cyano, hydroxyl, an optionally substituted C₁-C₃ alkyl oran optionally substituted C₁-C₃ alkoxy group;

R⁹ represents a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, cyano, hydroxyl, anoptionally substituted C₁-C₆ alkyl, an optionally substituted C₁-C₃alkoxy group, an optionally substituted 4 to 10 membered heteroaryl,heterocyclyl, aryl or 3 to 8 membered cycloalkyl ring, or forms anoptionally substituted heterocyclic ring with R¹⁰ wherein the ringoptionally comprises one or more additional heteroatoms;

R¹⁰ represents a hydrogen atom, optionally substituted C₁-C₆ alkyl, orforms an optionally substituted heterocyclic ring with R⁹, or forms anoptionally substituted monocyclic or bicyclic ring with R¹¹ with theproviso that when the ring is bicyclic the ring is not substituted withNH₂;

Y represents a covalent bond, —(C₀-C₃) alkylene-NR¹¹—(C₀-C₃) alkylene oroptionally substituted C₁-C₃ alkylene;

R¹¹ represents a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted C₁-C₆ alkyl, a4 to 10 membered heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, aryl or 3 to 8 memberedcycloalkyl ring, or forms an optionally substituted monocyclic orbicyclic heterocyclic ring with R¹⁰ with the proviso that when the ringis bicyclic the ring is not substituted with NH₂;

R¹² represents a substituted monocyclic, optionally substituted bicyclicor optionally substituted tricyclic 3 to 14 membered heteroaryl,heterocyclyl, aryl or cycloalkyl ring; and

where the compound is not of the formula:

R¹² may represent a 3 to 14 membered heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, aryl orcycloalkyl ring substituted with one or more of Q¹-(R¹³)_(p), wherein:

p is 0 or 1;

Q¹ represents a halogen atom, cyano, oxo, hydroxyl, a covalent bond,—C₀-C₃ alkylene-NR¹⁴—, —C₀-C₃ alkylene-NR¹⁴R¹⁵, —C₀-C₃ alkylene-CONR¹⁴—,—C₀-C₃ alkylene-NR¹⁴CO—, —C₀-C₃ alkylene-NR¹⁴SO₂—, —C₀-C₃alkylene-O—C₀-C₃ alkylene, —C₀-C₃ alkylene-CO—, —C₀-C₃alkylene-S(O)_(q)—, —C₀-C₃ alkylene-SO₂NR¹⁴, —C₁-C₆ alkoxy, C₁-C₆haloalkoxy, C₁-C₆ hydroxyalkyl, —C₀-C₃ alkylene-SO₂R¹⁴, —C₀-C₃alkylene-NR¹⁴COR¹⁵, —C₀-C₃ alkylene-NR¹⁴CONR¹⁵R¹⁶, —C₀-C₃alkylene-NR¹⁴SO₂NR¹⁵R¹⁶, —C₀-C₃ alkylene-CONR¹⁴R¹⁵, —C₀-C₃alkylene-CO₂R¹⁴, —C₀-C₃ alkylene-NR¹⁴CO₂R¹⁵, —C₀-C₃ alkylene-SO₂NR¹⁴R¹⁵,—C₀-C₃ alkylene-CONR¹⁴, —C₀-C₃ alkylene-C(O)R¹⁴ and —C₀-C₃alkylene-NR¹⁴SO₂R¹⁵, NO₂, or an optionally substituted C₁-C₆ alkylene,—C₂-C₆ alkenylene or —C₁-C₆ alkyl group;

q is 0, 1 or 2;

R¹⁴, R¹⁵ and R¹⁶ each independently represent a hydrogen atom or anoptionally substituted C₁-C₆ alkyl, or an optionally substituted C₁-C₆alkylene group.

When p is 1, R¹³ represents an optionally substituted 4 to 10 memberedheterocyclyl, heteroaryl, aryl or 3 to 8 membered cycloalkyl ring (whenp is 0, Q¹ is present and R¹³ is absent).

R¹³ may be optionally substituted with one or more substituents selectedfrom halogen, optionally substituted C₁-C₆ haloalkyl, optionallysubstituted C₁-C₆ alkoxy, C₁-C₆ haloalkoxy, optionally substituted C₁-C₆alkyl, optionally substituted C₂-C₆ alkenyl, optionally substitutedC₂-C₆ alkynyl, C₁-C₆ hydroxyalkyl, oxo, cyano, optionally substitutedheterocyclyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substitutedheteroaryl, optionally substituted aryl, -Q²-R¹⁷, -Q²-NR¹⁷CONR¹⁸R¹⁹,-Q²-NR¹⁷R¹⁸, -Q²-COR¹⁷, -Q²-NR¹⁷COR¹⁸, -Q²-NR¹⁷CO₂R¹⁸, -Q²-SO₂R¹⁷,Q²-CONR¹⁷R¹⁸, -Q²-CO₂R¹⁷, -Q²-SO₂NR¹⁷R¹⁸ and -Q²-NR¹⁷SO₂R¹⁸; wherein

Q² represents a covalent bond, an oxygen atom, carbonyl, or a C₁-C₆alkylene or C₂-C₆ alkenylene group; and

R¹⁶, R¹⁷, R¹⁸ each independently represent hydrogen, optionallysubstituted C₁-C₆ alkyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionallysubstituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted aryl, or an optionallysubstituted cycloalkyl.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1 is a graph showing proteolytic activity of USP30 measured using afluorescence polarisation assay. Various volumes of purified USP30 asindicated were incubated with a TAMRA labelled peptide linked toubiquitin via an isopeptide bond.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The definitions and explanations below are for the terms as usedthroughout this entire document including both the specification and theclaims. Reference to compounds as described herein (e.g. a compound offormula I), includes reference to formula I, formula II and formula IIIincluding any sub-generic embodiments thereof.

Where any group of the compounds of formula (I) have been referred to asoptionally substituted, this group may be substituted or unsubstituted.Substitution may be by one or more of the specified substituents whichmay be the same or different. It will be appreciated that the number andnature of substituents will be selected to avoid any stericallyundesirable combinations.

In the context of the present specification, unless otherwise stated analkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl substituent group or an alkyl, alkenyl moietyin a substituent group may be linear or branched. Alkyl and alkenylchains may also include intervening heteroatoms such as oxygen.

C_(x)-C_(y) alkyl refers to a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon grouphaving x-y carbon atoms which may be linear or branched. For exampleC₁-C₆ alkyl contains from 1 to 6 carbon atoms. “Branched” means that atleast one carbon branch point is present in the group. For example,tert-butyl and isopropyl are both branched groups. Examples of C₁-C₆alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, propyl, 2-methyl-1-propyl,2-methyl-2-propyl, 2-methyl-1-butyl, 3-methyl-1-butyl, 2-methyl-3-butyl,2,2-dimethyl-1-propyl, 2-methyl-pentyl, 3-methyl-1-pentyl,4-methyl-1-pentyl, 2-methyl-2-pentyl, 3-methyl-2-pentyl,4-methyl-2-pentyl, 2,2-dimethyl-1-butyl, 3,3-dimethyl-1-butyl,2-ethyl-1-butyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl,neopentyl and n-hexyl.

A C_(x)-C_(y) alkylene group or moiety may be linear or branched andrefers to a divalent hydrocarbon group having one less hydrogen atomfrom C_(x)-C_(y) alkyl as defined above. Examples of C₁-C₆alkylenegroups include methylene, ethylene, n-propylene, n-butylene,methylmethylene and dimethylmethylene.

C₂-C₆ alkenyl refers to a linear or branched hydrocarbon chain radicalcontaining at least two carbon atoms and at least one double bond.Examples of alkenyl groups include ethenyl, propenyl, 2-propenyl,1-butenyl, 2-butenyl, 1-hexenyl, 2-methyl-1-propenyl, 1,2-butadienyl,1,3-pentadienyl, 1,4-pentadienyl and 1-hexadienyl.

C₂-C₆ alkynyl refers to a linear or branched hydrocarbon chain radicalcontaining at least two carbon atoms and at least one triple bond.Examples of alkenyl groups include ethynyl, propynyl, 2-propynyl,1-butynyl, 2-butynyl and 1-hexynyl.

C₁-C₆ alkoxy refers to a group or part of a group having an—O—C_(x)-C_(y) alkyl group according to the definition of C_(x)-C_(y)alkyl above. Examples of C₁-C₆ alkoxy include methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy,isopropoxy, butoxy, pentoxy and hexoxy.

C₁-C₆ haloalkyl and C₁-C₆ haloalkoxy refers to a C_(x)-C_(y) alkyl groupas defined above wherein at least one hydrogen atom is replaced with ahalogen atom. Examples of C₁-C₆ haloalkyl groups include fluoromethyl,difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, trifluoroethyl, pentafluoroethyl,fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy and trifluoromethoxy.

C₁-C₆ hydroxyalkyl refers to C_(x)-C_(y) alkyl group as defined abovewherein at least one hydrogen atom is replaced with a hydroxy (—OH)group. Examples of hydroxy C₁₋₆ alkyl groups include hydroxymethyl,hydroxyethyl, dihydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl and hydroxyisopropyl.

The term “halogen” or “halo” refers to chlorine, bromine, fluorine oriodine atoms.

The term “oxo” means ═O.

For the avoidance of doubt it will be understood that a 4 to 10 memberedheteroaryl, heterocyclyl or aryl ring, or a 3 to 8 membered cycloalkylring as defined according to R², R⁹, R¹¹ or R¹³ or a 3 to 14 memberedheteroaryl, heterocyclyl, cycloalkyl or aryl ring as defined accordingto R¹² does not include any unstable ring structures or, in the case ofheteroaryl and heterocyclic rings systems, any O—O, O—S or S—S bonds.The ring systems may be monocyclic, bicyclic, or tricyclic where thedefinition allows. Bicyclic and tricyclic ring systems include bridged,fused and Spiro ring systems, particularly fused ring systems. Asubstituent if present may be attached to any suitable ring atom whichmay be a carbon atom or, in the case of heteroaryl and heterocyclic ringsystems, a heteroatom. Substitution on a phenyl ring may include achange in the ring atom at the position of substitution from carbon tonitrogen, resulting in a pyridine ring.

“C_(x)-C_(y) cycloalkyl” refers to a cyclic non-aromatic hydrocarbongroup of x-y carbon atoms. For example C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl refers to ahydrocarbon ring containing 3 to 8 carbon atoms. Examples of C₃-C₈cycloalkyl are cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl,cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl cycloheptyl and cyclooctyl.

An “aryl” group/moiety refers to any monocyclic or bicyclic hydrocarbongroup comprising at least one aromatic group, for example having up to10 carbon atom ring members. Examples of aryl groups include phenyl,naphthyl and tetrahydronaphthyl.

“Heteroaryl” groups may be monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic. Bicyclicrings may be fused aromatic rings where both rings are aromatic or maybe fused rings where one of the rings is non aromatic. In the case ofR′², the ring attached to the amide nitrogen may be an aromatic ring,which can be fused to a further aromatic or non-aromatic ring.Heteroaryl rings comprise 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms, in particular 1, 2,or 3 heteroatoms, selected from oxygen, sulphur and nitrogen. When theheteroatom is nitrogen it may be oxidised. Examples of heteroaryl groupsinclude pyridinyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, furyl,thiophenyl, pyrrolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl,tetrazolyl, indolyl, indolizinyl, isoindolyl, indolinyl, purinyl,furazanyl, imidazolyl, indazolyl, isothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl,oxazinanyl, tetrazolyl, thiadiazolyl, benzofuranyl, isobenzofuranyl,benzothiophenyl, isobenzothiophenyl, benzimidazolyl, benzothiazolyl,napthyridinyl, pteridinyl, pyrazinyl, 4H-quinolizinyl, quinolinyl,isoquinolinyl, cinnolinyl, phthalazinyl, quinazolinyl, imidazopyridinyl,pyrazolopyridinyl, thiazolopyridinyl, isoindolinyl, triazinyl,pyridazinyl, dihydrophyridinyl, benzopyrazolyl, quinoxalinyl,tetrahydropyridoindolyl, benzoimidazolyl, pyrrolopyridinyl,imidazopyrimidinyl, pyrazolopyrimidinyl, pyrrolopyrimidinyl andimidazopyrazinyl.

“Heterocyclyl” groups may also be monocyclic or comprise two or morefused rings which may be saturated or partially unsaturated comprising1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms, in particular 1, 2, or 3 heteroatoms, selectedfrom oxygen, sulphur and nitrogen. Examples of heterocyclyl groupsinclude azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, azepanyl, diazepanyl,dihydrofuranyl (e.g. 2,3-dihydrofuranyl, 2,5-dihydrofuranyl),4,5-dihydro-1H-maleimido, dioxolanyl, morpholinyl, oxazolidinyl,piperazinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, thiomorpholinyl, dihydropyranyl (e.g.3,4-dihydropyranyl, 3,6-dihydropyranyl), homopiperazinyl, dioxanyl,hexahydropyrimidinyl, pyrazolinyl, pyrazolidinyl, pyridazinyl,4H-quinolizinyl, quinuclinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydropyridinyl,tetrahydropyrimidinyl, tetrahydrothiophenyl, tetramethylenesulfoxide,thiazolidinyl, hydantoinyl, benzopyranyl, tetrahydrothiazolopyridinyl,tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, benzomorpholinyl anddihydroisoquinolinyl.

“Optionally substituted” as applied to any group means that the saidgroup may if desired be substituted with one or more substituents, whichmay be the same or different. Examples of suitable substituents for“substituted” and “optionally substituted” moieties, include halo,deutero, C₁₋₆ alkyl or C₁₋₃ alkyl, hydroxy, C₁₋₆ alkoxy or C₁₋₃ alkoxy,cyano, amino, nitro or SF₅ (a known mimetic of NO₂), aryl, heteroaryl,heterocyclyl, C₃-C₆ cycloalkyl, C₁₋₃ alkylamino, C₂₋₆ alkenylamino,di-C₁₋₃ alkylamino, C₁₋₃ acylamino, di-C₁₋₃ acylamino, carboxy, C₁₋₃alkoxycarbonyl, carbamoyl, mono-C₁₋₃ carbamoyl, di-C₁₋₃ carbamoyl or anyof the above in which a hydrocarbyl moiety is itself substituted byhalo. In groups containing an oxygen atom such as hydroxy and alkoxy,the oxygen atom can be replaced with sulphur to make groups such as thio(SH) and thio-alkyl (S-alkyl). Optional substituents therefore includegroups such as S-methyl. In thio-alkyl groups, the sulphur atom may befurther oxidised to make a sulfoxide or sulfone, and thus optionalsubstituents therefore includes groups such as S(O)-alkyl andS(O)₂-alkyl.

Substituted groups thus include for example Cl, F, OMe, Me, COCH₃,CONH₂, NHC(O)CH(CH₃)₂, CO₂CH₂CH₃ etc. In the case of aryl groups, thesubstitutions may be in the form of rings from adjacent carbon atoms inthe aryl ring, for example cyclic acetals such as O—CH₂—O.

The optional substituents for any alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy,alkylene or alkenylene groups described herein may be selected fromC₁-C₃ alkoxy, halogen, hydroxyl, thiol, cyano, amino, amido, nitro andSF₅, wherein the alkoxy may be optionally substituted with halogen. Inparticular, the optional substituents may be selected from halogen,hydroxyl, thiol, cyano, amino, amido, nitro and SF₅, more particularlyfluorine or hydroxyl.

The term “treat” or “treating” or “treatment” includes prophylaxis andmeans to ameliorate, alleviate symptoms, eliminate the causation of thesymptoms either on a temporary or permanent basis, or to prevent or slowthe appearance of symptoms of the named disorder or condition. Thecompounds of the invention are useful in the treatment of humans andnon-human animals.

The dose of the compound is that amount effective to prevent occurrenceof the symptoms of the disorder or to treat some symptoms of thedisorder from which the patient suffers. By “effective amount” or“therapeutically effective amount” or “effective dose” is meant thatamount sufficient to elicit the desired pharmacological or therapeuticeffects, thus resulting in effective prevention or treatment of thedisorder. Prevention of the disorder is manifested by delaying the onsetof the symptoms of the disorder to a medically significant extent.Treatment of the disorder is manifested by a decrease in the symptomsassociated with the disorder or an amelioration of the reoccurrence ofthe symptoms of the disorder.

Pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of the inventioninclude but are not limited to addition salts (for example phosphates,nitrates, sulphates, borates, acetates, maleates, citrates, fumarates,succinates, methanesulphonates, benzoates, salicylates andhydrohalides), salts derived from organic bases (such as lithium,potassium and sodium), salts of amino acids (such as glycine, alanine,valine, leucine, isoleucine, cysteine, methionine and proline),inorganic bases (such as triethylamine, hydroxide, choline, thiamine andN—N′-diacetylethylenediamine). Other pharmaceutically acceptable saltsinclude ammonium salts, substituted ammonium salts and aluminium salts.Further pharmaceutically acceptable salts include quaternary ammoniumsalts of the compounds of formula (I) or formula (II).

General methods for the production of salts are well known to the personskilled in the art. Such salts may be formed by conventional means, forexample by reaction of a free acid or a free base form of a compoundwith one or more equivalents of an appropriate acid or base, optionallyin a solvent, or in a medium in which the salt is insoluble, followed byremoval of said solvent, or said medium, using standard techniques (e.g.in vacuo, by freeze-drying or by filtration). Salts may also be preparedby exchanging a counter-ion of a compound in the form of a salt withanother counter-ion, for example using a suitable ion exchange resin.

Where compounds of the invention exist in different enantiomeric and/ordiastereoisomeric forms, the invention relates to these compoundsprepared as isomeric mixtures or racemates whether present in anoptically pure form or as mixtures with other isomers. Enantiomersdiffer only in their ability to rotate plane-polarized light by equalamounts in opposite directions and are denoted as the (+)/(S) or (−)/(R)forms respectively. Individual enantiomers or isomers may be prepared bymethods known in the art, such as optical resolution of products orintermediates (for example chiral chromatographic separation e.g. chiralHPLC, or an asymmetric synthesis approach). Similarly where compounds ofthe invention exist as alternative tautomeric forms e.g. keto/enol,amide/imidic acid, the invention relates to the individual tautomers inisolation, and to mixtures of the tautomers in all proportions.

Included herein is the compound according to formula (IB):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein n, X, R¹, R², R³,R⁸, R⁹, R¹⁰, R¹² and Y are defined herein for compounds of formula (I).

Included herein is the compound according to formula (III):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein m, Z, R¹, R², R³,R⁸, R⁹, R¹⁰, R¹² and Y are defined above for compounds of formula (II).

Isotopes

The compounds described herein may contain one or more isotopicsubstitutions, and a reference to a particular element includes withinits scope all isotopes of the element. For example, a reference tohydrogen includes within its scope ¹H, 2H (D), and ³H (T). Similarly,references to carbon and oxygen include within their scope respectively¹²C, ¹³C and ¹⁴C and ¹⁶O and ¹⁸O. Examples of isotopes include ²H, ³H,¹¹C, ¹³C, ¹⁴C, ³⁶Cl, ¹⁸F, ¹²³I, ¹²⁵I, ¹³N, ¹⁵N, ¹⁵O, ¹⁷O, ¹⁸O, ³²P and³⁵S.

In an analogous manner, a reference to a particular functional groupalso includes within its scope isotopic variations, unless the contextindicates otherwise. For example, a reference to an alkyl group such asan ethyl group also covers variations in which one or more of thehydrogen atoms in the group is in the form of a deuterium or tritiumisotope, e.g. as in an ethyl group in which all five hydrogen atoms arein the deuterium isotopic form (a perdeuteroethyl group).

The isotopes may be radioactive or non-radioactive. In one embodiment,the compounds contain no radioactive isotopes. Such compounds arepreferred for therapeutic use. In another embodiment, however, thecompounds may contain one or more radioisotopes. Compounds containingsuch radioisotopes may be useful in a diagnostic context.

Certain isotopically labelled compounds of formula (I) or formula (II),for example, those incorporating a radioactive isotope, are useful indrug and/or substrate tissue distribution studies. The radioactiveisotopes i.e. ³H and ¹⁴C are particularly useful for this purpose inview of their ease of incorporation and ready means of detection.Substitution with heavier isotopes i.e. ²H, may afford certaintherapeutic advantages resulting from greater metabolic stability, forexample, increased in vivo half-life or reduced dosage requirements, andhence may be preferred in some circumstances. Substitution with positronemitting isotopes, such as ¹¹C, ¹⁸F, ¹⁵O and ¹³N, can be useful inPositron Emission Topography (PET) studies for examining receptoroccupancy. Isotopically labelled compounds of formula (I) or formula(II) can generally be prepared by conventional techniques known to thoseskilled in the art or by processes analogous to those described in theaccompanying examples and preparations using an appropriate isotopicallylabelled reagent in place of the non-labelled reagent previouslyemployed.

Crystalline and Amorphous Forms

The compounds of formula (I) or formula (II) may exist in crystalline oramorphous form and some of the crystalline forms may exist aspolymorphs, which are included within the scope of the presentinvention. Polymorphic forms of compounds of formula (I) or formula (II)may be characterised and differentiated using a number of conventionalanalytical techniques, including, but not limited to, infra-red spectra,Raman spectra, X-ray powder diffraction, differential scanningcalorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis and solid state nuclear magneticresonance.

Accordingly, in further embodiments, the invention provides a compoundaccording to any described embodiments in a crystalline form. Thecompound may be from 50% to 100% crystalline, and more particularly isat least 50% crystalline, or at least 60% crystalline, or at least 70%crystalline, or at least 80% crystalline, or at least 90% crystalline,or at least 95% crystalline, or at least 98% crystalline, or at least99% crystalline, or at least 99.5% crystalline, or at least 99.9%crystalline, for example 100% crystalline. The compound mayalternatively be in an amorphous form.

The invention described herein relates to all crystal forms, solvatesand hydrates of any of the disclosed compounds however so prepared. Tothe extent that any of the compounds disclosed herein have acid or basiccentres such as carboxylates or amino groups, then all salt forms ofsaid compounds are included herein. In the case of pharmaceutical uses,the salt should be seen as being a pharmaceutically acceptable salt.

The invention relates to any solvates of the compounds and their salts.Preferred solvates are solvates formed by the incorporation into thesolid state structure (e.g. crystal structure) of the compounds of theinvention of molecules of a non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptablesolvent (referred to below as the solvating solvent). Examples of suchsolvents include water, alcohols (such as ethanol, isopropanol andbutanol) and dimethylsulfoxide. Solvates can be prepared byrecrystallising the compounds of the invention with a solvent or mixtureof solvents containing the solvating solvent. Whether or not a solvatehas been formed in any given instance can be determined by subjectingcrystals of the compound to analysis using well known and standardtechniques such as thermogravimetric analysis (TGE), differentialscanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray crystallography.

The solvates can be stoichiometric or non-stoichiometric solvates.Particular solvates may be hydrates, and examples of hydrates includehemihydrates, monohydrates and dihydrates. For a more detaileddiscussion of solvates and the methods used to make and characterisethem, see Bryn et al., Solid-State Chemistry of Drugs, Second Edition,published by SSCI, Inc of West Lafayette, Ind., USA, 1999, ISBN0-967-06710-3.

The invention relates to pharmaceutically functional derivatives ofcompounds as defined herein including ester derivatives and/orderivatives that have, or provide for, the same biological functionand/or activity as any relevant compound of the invention. Thus, for thepurposes of this invention, the term also includes prodrugs of compoundsas defined herein.

The term “prodrug” of a relevant compound includes any compound that,following oral or parenteral administration, is metabolised in vivo toform that compound in an experimentally-detectable amount, and within apredetermined time (e.g. within a dosing interval of between 6 and 24hours (i.e. once to four times daily).

Prodrugs of compounds may be prepared by modifying functional groupspresent on the compound in such a way that the modifications arecleaved, in vivo when such prodrug is administered to a mammaliansubject. The modifications typically are achieved by synthesizing theparent compound with a prodrug substituent. Prodrugs include compoundswherein a hydroxyl, amino, sulfhydryl, carboxyl or carbonyl group in acompound is bonded to any group that may be cleaved in vivo toregenerate the free hydroxyl, amino, sulfhydryl, carboxyl or carbonylgroup, respectively.

Examples of prodrugs include, but are not limited to, esters andcarbamates of hydroxyl functional groups, ester groups of carboxylfunctional groups, N-acyl derivatives and N-Mannich bases. Generalinformation on prodrugs may be found e.g. in Bundegaard, H. “Design ofProdrugs” p. 1-92, Elsevier, New York-Oxford (1985).

Compounds of the invention may be metabolised in vivo. Metabolites ofcompounds of formula (I) and formula (II) are also within the scope ofthe present invention. The term ‘metabolites’ refers to all moleculesderived from any of the compounds according to the present invention ina cell or organism, preferably mammal. Preferably the term relates tomolecules which differ from any molecule which is present in any suchcell or organism under physiological conditions.

A treatment defined herein may be applied as a sole therapy of mayinvolve, in addition to the compounds of the invention, conventionalsurgery or radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Furthermore, compounds offormula (I) or formula (II) can also be used in combination withexisting therapeutic agents for the treatment of conditions associatedwith mitochondrial dysfunction and cancer, including small moleculetherapeutics or antibody based therapeutics.

The compounds described herein are characterised by a cyanopyrrolidineor cyanopiperidine core.

The disclosure includes compounds having the formula (I)

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:

n is 1 or 2;

when n is 1, X is CR⁴R⁵ and when n is 2, X is CR⁶R⁷CR⁴R⁵ (wherein CR⁴R⁵is adjacent to heterocycle N atom);

R² represents a hydrogen atom, cyano, an optionally substituted C₁-C₆alkyl, an optionally substituted C₁-C₆ alkoxy group, an optionallysubstituted 4 to 10 membered heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, aryl or 3 to 8membered cycloalkyl ring;

R¹, R³, R⁴ and R⁵ each independently represent a hydrogen atom, cyano,an optionally substituted C₁-C₃ alkyl or an optionally substituted C₁-C₃alkoxy group;

R⁶, R⁷ and R⁸ each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a fluorineatom, cyano, an optionally substituted C₁-C₃ alkyl or an optionallysubstituted C₁-C₃ alkoxy group;

-   -   R⁹ represents a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, cyano, an        optionally substituted C₁-C₆ alkyl, an optionally substituted        C₁-C₃ alkoxy group, an optionally substituted 4 to 10 membered        heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, aryl or 3 to 8 membered cycloalkyl, or        forms an optionally substituted heterocyclic ring with R¹⁰        wherein the ring optionally comprises one or more additional        heteroatoms;

R¹⁰ represents a hydrogen atom, C₁₋₆ alkyl or forms an optionallysubstituted heterocyclic ring with R⁹ or R¹¹ wherein the ring optionallycomprises one or more additional heteroatoms;

Y represents a covalent bond, NR¹¹ or optionally substituted C₁-C₃alkylene;

R¹¹ represents a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted C₁-C₆ alkyl, a4 to 10 membered heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, aryl or 3 to 8 memberedcycloalkyl ring, or forms an optionally substituted heterocyclic ringwith R¹⁰ wherein the ring optionally comprises one or more additionalheteroatoms;

R¹² represents a substituted 4 to 10 membered heteroaryl, heterocyclyl,aryl or 3 to 8 membered cycloalkyl ring.

In a first aspect the present invention provides a compound having theformula (II)

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:

m is 0 or 1;

when m is 1, Z is —C(R⁶)(R⁷)—;

R² represents a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted C₁-C₆ alkyl, anoptionally substituted C₁-C₆ alkoxy group, an optionally substituted 4to 10 membered heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, aryl or 3 to 8 memberedcycloalkyl ring;

R³, R⁴ and R⁵ each independently represent a hydrogen atom, anoptionally substituted C₁-C₃ alkyl or an optionally substituted C₁-C₃alkoxy group;

R¹, R⁶, R⁷ and R⁸ each independently represent a hydrogen atom, afluorine atom, cyano, hydroxyl, an optionally substituted C₁-C₃ alkyl oran optionally substituted C₁-C₃ alkoxy group;

R⁹ represents a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, cyano, hydroxyl, anoptionally substituted C₁-C₆ alkyl, an optionally substituted C₁-C₃alkoxy group, an optionally substituted 4 to 10 membered heteroaryl,heterocyclyl, aryl or 3 to 8 membered cycloalkyl ring, or forms anoptionally substituted heterocyclic ring with R¹⁰;

R¹⁰ represents a hydrogen atom, optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl, orforms an optionally substituted heterocyclic ring with R⁹, or forms anoptionally substituted monocyclic or bicyclic ring with R¹¹ with theproviso that when the ring is bicyclic it is not substituted with NH₂;

Y represents a covalent bond, —(C₀-C₃)-alkylene-N(R¹¹)—(C₀-C₃)-alkyleneor optionally substituted C₁-C₃ alkylene;

R¹¹ represents a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted C₁-C₆ alkyl, a4 to 10 membered heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, aryl or 3 to 8 memberedcycloalkyl ring or forms an optionally substituted monocyclic orbicyclic heterocyclic ring with R¹⁰ with the proviso that when the ringis bicyclic it is not substituted with NH₂;

R¹² represents a substituted monocyclic, optionally substituted bicyclicor optionally substituted tricyclic 3 to 14 membered heteroaryl,heterocyclyl, cycloalkyl or aryl ring; and

where the compound is not of the formula:

In one embodiment, R¹ represents a hydrogen atom. In another embodiment,R¹ represents C₁-C₃ methyl. In another embodiment, R¹ represents methyl.

In one embodiment, R² represents C₁-C₃ alkyl. In another embodiment R²represents C₁-C₂ (e.g. methyl or ethyl). In another embodiment, R²represents methyl. In another embodiment, R² represents hydroxyl. Inanother embodiment, R² represents C₁-C₃ alkyl, C₁-C₂ alkyl (e.g. methylor ethyl) or hydroxyl and R¹, R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁸, R⁹, and R⁶ and R⁷ (ifpresent), each independently represent a hydrogen atom In anotherembodiment R² represents C₁-C₃ alkyl or C₁-C₂ alkyl (e.g. methyl orethyl) and R¹, R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁸, R⁹, and R⁶ and R⁷ (if present), eachindependently represent a hydrogen atom.

In one embodiment, R⁵ represents C₁-C₃ alkyl. In another embodiment R⁵represents C₁-C₂ alkyl (e.g. methyl or ethyl). In another embodiment, R⁵represents methyl. In another embodiment R⁵ represents C₁-C₃ alkyl orC₁-C₂ alkyl (e.g. methyl or ethyl) and R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁸, R⁹ and R⁶ andR⁷ (if present) each independently represent a hydrogen atom.

In one embodiment, R⁶ and R⁷ when present represent hydrogen.

In one embodiment, R⁸ represents C₁-C₃ alkyl. In another embodiment R⁸represents C₁-C₂ alkyl (e.g. methyl or ethyl). In another embodiment, R⁸represents methyl. In another embodiment R⁸ represents C₁-C₃ alkyl,C₁-C₂ alkyl (e.g. methyl or ethyl) or a fluorine atom and R¹, R², R³,R⁴, R⁵, R⁹ and R⁶ and R⁷ (if present) each independently represent ahydrogen atom.

In one embodiment, R⁹ represents C₁-C₃ alkyl. In another embodiment R⁹represents C₁-C₂ alkyl (e.g. methyl or ethyl). In another embodiment, R⁹represents methyl. In another embodiment, R⁹ represents C₁-C₃ alkoxy. Inanother embodiment, R⁹ represents C₁-C₂ alkoxy (e.g. methoxy or ethoxy).In another embodiment, R⁹ represents methoxy. In another embodiment, R⁹represents cyclopropyl. In another embodiment, R⁹ represents a hydrogenatom, a fluorine atom, cyano, hydroxyl, an optionally substituted C₁-C₆alkyl, an optionally substituted C₁-C₃ alkoxy group or an C₃-C₄cycloalkyl. In another embodiment R⁹ represents C₁-C₃ alkyl, C₁-C₂ alkyl(e.g. methyl or ethyl), a fluorine atom or cyclopropyl and R¹, R², R³,R⁴, R⁵, R⁸, and R⁶ and R⁷ (if present), each independently represent ahydrogen atom. In one embodiment, R⁹ is not phenyl, in particular, notdifluorophenyl.

The alkyl and alkoxy within the definitions of R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁶,R⁷, R⁸ and R⁹ may be optionally substituted with one or moresubstituents selected from halogen, hydroxyl, thiol, cyano, amino, nitroand SF₅.

In one embodiment, R⁹ forms an optionally substituted heterocyclic ringwith R¹⁰ wherein the ring optionally comprises one or more additionalheteroatoms. In one embodiment, R⁹ forms a 5 membered heterocyclic ringwith R¹⁰. In another embodiment, R⁹ forms a 6 membered heterocyclic ringwith R¹⁰ wherein the ring further comprises an oxygen heteroatom. Inanother embodiment, R⁹ forms an optionally substituted heterocyclic ringwith R¹⁰ wherein the ring optionally comprises one or more additionalheteroatoms and R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁸ and R⁶ and R⁷ (if present) eachindependently represent a hydrogen atom. The ring formed by R⁹ and R¹⁰may be optionally substituted with one or more of the substituentsdefined herein. In one embodiment, the optional substituents areselected from C₁-C₃ alkyl, C₁-C₃ alkoxy, halogen, hydroxyl, thiol,cyano, amino, amido, nitro and SF₅, wherein the alkyl and alkoxy may beoptionally substituted with halogen.

In one embodiment, R¹⁰ represents a hydrogen atom, optionallysubstituted C₁-C₆ alkyl or forms an optionally substituted heterocyclicring with R⁹ or R¹¹ wherein the ring optionally comprises one or moreadditional heteroatoms. In one embodiment, R¹⁰ represents a hydrogenatom. In another embodiment R¹⁰ represents C₁-C₃ alkyl. In anotherembodiment, R¹⁰ represents methyl. In another embodiment, R¹⁰ representsethyl. In another embodiment, the C₁-C₆ alkyl may be optionallysubstituted. The optional substituents for the alkyl may be selectedfrom C₁-C₃ alkoxy, halogen, hydroxyl, thiol, cyano, amino, amido, nitroand SF₅, wherein the alkoxy may be optionally substituted with halogenin particular fluorine. In particular, the C₁-C₃ may be optionallysubstituted with C₁-C₃ alkoxy, for example methoxy. In one embodiment,R¹⁰ represents CH₂CH₂OCH₃. In yet another embodiment, R¹⁰ forms a 5membered heterocyclic ring with R⁹. In another embodiment, R¹⁰ forms a 6membered heterocyclic ring with R⁹ wherein the ring further comprises anoxygen heteroatom.

In one embodiment, Y is a covalent bond, —NR¹¹— or C₁-C₃ alkylene. Inone embodiment, Y is a covalent bond or C₁-C₃ alkylene. In oneembodiment, Y is a covalent bond. In another embodiment, Y representsC₁-C₂ alkylene (e.g. methylene or ethylene). In another embodiment, Y ismethylene. In another embodiment, Y is —NH—.

R¹¹ represents a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted C₁-C₆ alkyl, a4 to 10 membered heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, aryl or 3 to 8 memberedcycloalkyl ring or forms an optionally substituted monocyclic orbicyclic heterocyclic ring with R¹⁰ with the proviso that when the ringis bicyclic it is not substituted with NH₂. In one embodiment, R¹¹ ishydrogen, C₁-C₆ alkyl or forms a 5 or 6 membered monocyclic ring withR¹⁰.

In one embodiment, R¹¹ and R¹⁰ together form a heterocyclyl ring. Thering may be monocylic or bicyclic. In particular, when R¹¹ and R¹⁰together form a heterocyclyl ring, the ring is a 5 or 6 memberedmonocyclic ring. In one embodiment, R¹¹ and R¹⁰ together form a 5membered heterocyclic ring. In another embodiment, R¹¹ and R¹⁰ togetherform a 6 membered heterocyclic ring.

In one embodiment, when R¹¹ and R¹⁰ together form a heterocyclic ring,the ring is not dihydropurine.

The compounds of formula II may be in the form where m is 0, i.e.wherein the core structure is a cyanopyrrolidine. In such cases thecompounds may be of the formula:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R¹, R², R³, R⁴,R⁵, R⁸, R⁹, R¹⁰, R¹² and Y are as defined herein for compounds offormula II.

Alternatively, the compounds of formula II may be in the form where m is1, i.e. the core structure is a cyanopiperidine. In such cases thecompounds may be of the formula:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R¹, R², R³, R⁴,R⁵, R⁷, R⁸, R⁹, R¹⁰, R¹² and Y are as defined herein for compounds offormula (II).

When m is 0, the compounds of formula II may be in the form where R⁹ andR¹⁰ together form a 5 membered heterocyclyl ring which is fused to thecyanopyrrolidine core to create an 8 membered bicyclic ring. Inparticular, Y may be a covalent bond, and R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵ and R⁸ areeach hydrogen. In such cases the compounds may be of the formula:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R¹² is as definedherein for compounds of formula (II).

In a further embodiment of the invention there is provided a compound offormula IID:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R¹² is definedabove for compounds of formula (I) or formula (II).

For compounds of formula (II), R¹² is a 3 to 14 membered (e.g. 3, 4, 5,6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 or 14 membered) ring. When R¹² is a monocylicring, the ring must be substituted. When R¹² is a bicyclic or tricyclicring then the ring can be either unsubstituted or substituted. In oneembodiment, R¹² is a substituted ring.

When R¹² is a substituted heteroaryl or aryl ring, the ring may bemonocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic and, in the case of a heteroaryl ring,comprises one or more (e.g. 1, 2, or 3) heteroatoms selected fromnitrogen, oxygen and sulphur, in particular nitrogen.

When R¹² is a substituted heteroaryl or aryl ring, the ring may bemonocyclic or bicyclic and, in the case of a heteroaryl ring, comprisesone or more (e.g. 1, 2 or 3) heteroatoms independently selected fromnitrogen, oxygen and sulphur.

In one embodiment, R¹² is selected from phenyl, pyrrolidinyl, thiazolyl,pyridinyl, isoxazolyl, oxazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyridazinyl,pyrimidinyl, indolyl, benzimidazolyl, quinolinyl, azetidinyl, indazolyl,pyrazolopyridinyl, imidazopyridinyl, indolinyl, piperazinyl,morpholinyl, diazepanyl, tetrahydropyridoindolyl, benzomorpholinyl andpyrrolopyridinyl.

In one embodiment, R¹² is selected from phenyl, pyrrolidinyl, thiazolyl,pyridinyl, isoxazolyl, oxazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyridazinyl,pyrimidinyl, indolyl, benzimidazolyl and quinolinyl.

Typical examples of R¹² include phen-3-yl, phen-4-yl, pyrrolidin-1-yl,thiazol-2-yl, thiazol-5-yl, pyridin-2-yl, pyridin-3-yl, pyridin-4-yl,isoxazol-5-yl, oxazol-2-yl, pyrazol-4-yl, pyrazol-5-yl, pyrimidin-2-yl,pyradazin-3-yl, imidazol-4-yl, indol-2-yl, benzimidazol-2-yl,quinolin-4-yl and quinolin-6-yl.

In particular, R¹² may be selected from azetidinyl and pyrrolidinyl. Inone embodiment, R¹² is azetidinyl. In another embodiment, R¹² ispyrrolidinyl. When R¹² is azetidinyl or pyrrolidinyl, preferably Y is acovalent bond which is attached to the nitrogen atom of the azetidinylor pyrrolidinyl ring.

In one embodiment, when R¹² is pyridinyl, the pyridinyl is pyridin-2-yl.

Examples of R¹² include those shown below:

Wherein * denotes point of direct attachment to the cyanopyrrolidinc orcyanopiperdine core via —Y—C(O)N(R¹⁰)—. The monocyclic rings aresubstituted with at least one -Q¹-(R¹³)_(p) and the bicyclic andtricyclic rings may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more-Q¹-(R¹³)_(p) substituents as described herein. Hydrogen atoms attachedto ring nitrogen atoms have not been shown. It will be understood by theskilled person which ring nitrogen atoms are suitable for substitutionand where not substituted the nitrogen may be bound to a hydrogen atomto complete its valency, where appropriate.

Further examples of R¹² include those shown below:

When substituted, R¹² may be substituted with one or more -Q¹-(R¹³)_(p),wherein each occurrence of -Q¹-(R¹³)_(p) may be the same or different.

p is 0 or 1 (when p is 1, Q¹ is a covalent bond or linker and R¹³ ispresent, when p is 0, Q¹ is present and R¹³ is absent).

Preferably, p is 1.

Q¹ represents a halogen atom, cyano, oxo, hydroxyl, a covalent bond,—C₀-C₃ alkylene-NR¹⁴—, —C₀-C₃ alkylene-NR¹⁴R¹⁵, —C₀-C₃ alkylene-CONR¹⁴—,C₀-C₃ alkylene-NR¹⁴CO—, —C₀-C₃ alkylene-NR¹⁴SO₂—,—C₀-C₃-alkylene-O—C₀-C₃ alkylene, —C₀-C₃ alkylene-CO—, —C₀-C₃alkylene-S(O)_(q)—, —C₀-C₃ alkylene-SO₂NR¹⁴, —C₁-C₆ alkoxy, C₁-C₆haloalkoxy, C₁-C₆ hydroxyalkyl, —C₀-C₃ alkylene-SO₂R¹⁴, —C₀-C₃alkylene-NR¹⁴COR¹⁵, —C₀-C₃ alkylene-NR¹⁴CONR¹⁵R¹⁶, —C₀-C₃alkylene-NR¹⁴SO₂NR¹⁵R¹⁶, —C₀-C₃ alkylene-CONR¹⁴R¹⁵, —C₀-C₃alkylene-CO₂R¹⁴, —C₀-C₃ alkylene-NR¹⁴CO₂R¹⁵, —C₀-C₃ alkylene-SO₂NR¹⁴R¹⁵,—C₀-C₃ alkylene-CONR¹⁴, —C₀-C₃ alkylene-C(O)R¹⁴ and —C₀-C₃alkylene-NR¹⁴SO₂R¹⁵, NO₂, or an optionally substituted C₁-C₆ alkylene,—C₂-C₆ alkenylene or —C₁-C₆ alkyl group; wherein

q is 0, 1 or 2.

Q¹ may represent a halogen atom, cyano, oxo, a covalent bond, —NR¹⁴—,—NR¹⁴R¹⁵, —CONR¹⁴—, —NR¹⁴CO—, an oxygen atom, —CO—, —S(O)_(q)—,—SO₂NR¹⁴, —C₁-C₆ alkoxy, C₁-C₆ haloalkoxy, C₁-C₆ hydroxyalkyl, —SO₂R¹⁴,—NR¹⁴COR¹⁵, —NR¹⁴CONR¹⁵R¹⁶, —NR¹⁴SO₂NR¹⁵R¹⁶ —CONR¹⁴R¹⁵, —CO₂R¹⁴,—NR¹⁴CO₂R¹⁵, —SO₂NR¹⁴R¹⁵, —CONR¹⁴, —C(O)R¹⁴ and —NR¹⁴SO₂R¹⁵, NO₂, or anoptionally substituted C₁-C₆ alkylene, —C₂-C₆ alkenylene or —C₁-C₆ alkylgroup; wherein

q is 0, 1 or 2.

In one embodiment, Q¹ represents a halogen atom, cyano, oxo, a covalentbond, an oxygen atom, —C₀-C₃-alkylene-O—C₀-C₃ alkylene, C₁-C₆ alkoxy,C₁-C₄ alkoxy, C₁-C₂ alkoxy, C₁-C₆ haloalkoxy, C₁-C₄ haloalkoxy, C₁-C₂haloalkoxy, —C₁-C₆ hydroxyalkyl, C₁-C₄ hydroxyalkyl, C₁-C₂ hydroxyalkyl,C₁-C₆ alkylene, C₁-C₄ alkylene, C₁-C₂ alkylene, C₂-C₆ alkenylene orC₂-C₄ alkenylene group which may be optionally substituted with hydroxy,a halogen atom (e.g. fluorine, chlorine or bromine), C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₄alkyl, C₁-C₂ alkyl, C₁-C₆ haloalkyl, C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, C₁-C₂ haloalkyl,NR¹⁴—, —NR¹⁴R¹⁵—, —CONR¹⁴—, —NR¹⁴CO—, CO—, —S(O)_(q)—, —SO₂NR¹⁴,—NR¹⁴SO₂—, —SO₂R¹⁴, —NR¹⁴COR¹⁵, —NR¹⁴CONR¹⁵R¹⁶, —NR¹⁴SO₂NR¹⁵R¹⁶—CONR¹⁴R¹⁵, —CO₂R₁₄—, —NR¹⁴CO₂R¹⁵, —SO₂NR¹⁴R¹⁵, —CONR¹⁴, —C(O)R¹⁴,—NR¹⁴SO₂R¹⁵, or NO₂.

In one embodiment, Q¹ represents a halogen atom, cyano, oxo, a covalentbond, an oxygen atom, —O-methylene, —O-ethylene, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, C₁-C₄alkoxy, C₁-C₂ alkoxy, C₁-C₆ haloalkoxy, C₁-C₄ haloalkoxy, C₁-C₂haloalkoxy, —C₁-C₆ hydroxyalkyl, C₁-C₄ hydroxyalkyl, C₁-C₂ hydroxyalkyl,C₁-C₆ alkylene, C₁-C₄ alkylene, C₁-C₂ alkylene, C₂-C₆ alkenylene orC₂-C₄ alkenylene group which may be optionally substituted with hydroxy,a halogen atom (e.g. fluorine, chlorine or bromine), C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₄alkyl, C₁-C₂ alkyl, C₁-C₆ haloalkyl, C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, C₁-C₂ haloalkyl,NR¹⁴—, —NR¹⁴R¹⁵—, —CONR¹⁴—, —NR¹⁴CO—, CO—, —S(O)_(q)—, —SO₂NR¹⁴,—SO₂R¹⁴, —NR¹⁴COR¹⁵, —NR¹⁴CONR¹⁵R¹⁶, —NR¹⁴SO₂NR¹⁵R¹⁶ —CONR¹⁴R¹⁵,—CO₂R¹⁴, —NR¹⁴CO₂R¹⁵, —SO₂NR¹⁴R¹⁵, —CONR¹⁴, —C(O)R¹⁴, —NR¹⁴SO₂R¹⁵, orNO₂.

In another embodiment, Q¹ is selected from halogen, cyano, oxo, C₁-C₆alkyl optionally substituted with fluorine, C₁-C₆ alkoxy optionallysubstituted with fluorine, —NR¹⁴COR¹⁵, a covalent bond, an oxygen atom,—C₀-C₃-alkylene-O—C₀-C₃ alkylene, —NR¹⁴—, C₁-C₆ alkylene, —NR¹⁴SO₂— and—NR¹⁴R¹⁵—.

In another embodiment, Q¹ is selected from halogen, oxo, a covalentbond, —NR¹⁴R¹⁵—, an oxygen atom, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, C₁-C₂alkoxy, —NR¹⁴COR¹⁵ or C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₂ alkyl.

R¹⁴, R¹⁵ and R¹⁶ each independently represent a hydrogen atom or anoptionally substituted C₁-C₆ alkyl, or an optionally substituted C₁-C₆alkylene group. The alkyl or alkenylene group may be optionallysubstituted with halogen, hydroxyl, thiol, cyano, amino, amido, nitroand SF₅.

In a further embodiment, Q¹ may be selected from a fluorine atom, achlorine atom, a bromine atom, cyano, oxo, methyl, butyl, CF₃, methoxy,OCF₃, NMeC(O)CH(CH₃)₂, —NHCOCH(CH₃)₂, a covalent bond, an oxygen atom,—O-methylene, —NH—, C₁-C₂ alkylene, —NMeS(O)₂—, —OCH₂— and —N(CH₃)CH₂—.

In a further embodiment, Q¹ may be selected from a fluorine atom, achlorine atom, oxo, a covalent bond, an oxygen atom, methoxy,—NHCOCH(CH₃)₂, and —N(CH₃)CH₂—.

When R¹² is phenyl or pyridinyl, the phenyl or pyridinyl ring ispreferably substituted with fluorine at one of the ortho positions onthe ring. The phenyl or pyridinyl ring may be further substituted with-Q¹-(R¹³)_(p) as described above.

R¹³ represents an optionally substituted 4 to 10 membered (e.g. 4, 5, 6,7, 8, 9 or 10 membered) heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, aryl or 3 to 8membered (e.g. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 membered) cycloalkyl ring.

In one embodiment, R¹³ represents a 4 to 10 membered heteroaryl,heterocyclyl, aryl or 3 to 8 membered cycloalkyl ring substituted withone or more substituents selected from halogen, optionally substitutedC₁-C₆ haloalkyl, optionally substituted C₁-C₆ alkoxy, C₁-C₆ haloalkoxy,optionally substituted C₁-C₆ alkyl, optionally substituted C₂-C₆alkenyl, optionally substituted C₂-C₆ alkynyl, C₁-C₆ hydroxyalkyl, oxo,cyano, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionally substitutedcycloalkyl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substitutedaryl, -Q²-R¹⁷, -Q²-NR¹⁷CONR¹⁸R¹⁹, -Q²-NR¹⁷R¹⁸, -Q²-COR¹⁷, -Q²-NR¹⁷COR¹⁸,-Q²-NR¹⁷CO₂R¹⁸, -Q²-SO₂R¹⁷, Q²-CONR¹⁷R¹⁸, -Q²-CO₂R¹⁷, -Q²-SO₂NR¹⁷R¹⁸ and-Q²-NR¹⁷SO₂R¹⁸.

Q² represents a covalent bond, an oxygen atom, carbonyl, or a C₁-C₆alkylene or C₂-C₆ alkenylene group.

In one embodiment, Q² may be selected from a covalent bond, an oxygenatom, carbonyl, or an optionally substituted C₁-C₆ alkylene (e.g. C₁-C₃alkylene, C₁-C₄ alkylene, C₁-C₂ alkylene) C₂-C₆ alkenylene or C₂-C₄alkenylene. The alkylene and alkenylene may be optionally substitutedwith halogen, hydroxyl, thiol, cyano, amino, amido, nitro and SF₅.

In another embodiment Q² is selected from a covalent bond, an oxygenatom or carbonyl. In particular, Q² is a covalent bond.

R¹⁷, R¹⁸ and R¹⁹ each independently represent hydrogen, optionallysubstituted C₁-C₆ alkyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionallysubstituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted aryl, or an optionallysubstituted cycloalkyl.

R¹⁷, R¹⁸ and R¹⁹ may each independently represent hydrogen, C₁-C₆ alkylor a 3 to 10 membered, in particular 3 to 6 membered, heterocyclyl,heteroaryl, aryl, or cycloalkyl ring, wherein the ring is optionallysubstituted with one or more substituents selected from C₁-C₆ alkyl,C₁-C₆ alkoxy, halogen, hydroxyl, thiol, cyano, amino, amido, nitro andSF₅, wherein the alkyl or alkoxy is optionally substituted withfluorine.

R¹³ may be substituted with halogen, cyano, C₁-C₃ alkyl optionallysubstituted with fluorine, C₁-C₃ alkoxy optionally substituted withfluorine, or -Q²-R¹⁷, wherein Q² represents a covalent bond, an oxygenatom, carbonyl, or a C₁-C₆ alkylene or C₂-C₆ alkenylene group and R¹⁷represents an optionally substituted 3 to 10 membered heterocyclyl,heteroaryl, aryl, or cycloalkyl ring, wherein the optional substituentsare selected from C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, halogen, hydroxyl, thiol,cyano, amino, amido, nitro and SF₅, wherein the alkyl or alkoxy isoptionally substituted with fluorine.

In particular, R¹³ may be substituted with fluorine, chlorine, cyano,methyl, CF₃, ethyl, methoxy or -Q²-R¹⁷, wherein Q² is a covalent bond,oxygen atom or carbonyl and R¹⁷ is selected from optionally substitutedmorpholinyl, cyclopropyl, phenyl or pyridinyl and the optionalsubstituents are one or more fluorine.

In one embodiment, R¹³ is unsubstituted.

In one embodiment, R¹³ is substituted with further optionallysubstituted 4 to 10 membered heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, aryl or 3 to 8membered cycloalkyl rings, either directly attached or via a linkinggroup.

The linking group may be an oxygen atom or carbonyl. The linking groupmay be an oxygen atom or —CO—.

In one embodiment, R¹³ is selected from phenyl, pyridinyl, pyrazolyl,imidazolyl, isoxazolyl, morpholinyl, piperdinyl, piperazinyl,quinolinyl, pyrrolidinyl, benzopyrazolyl, isoindolinyl,tetrahydroquinolinyl, homopiperazinyl, pyrimidinyl, imidazopyrimidinyl,imidazopyridinyl, indazolyl, pyrrolopyridinyl, benzoimidazolyl,pyridazinyl, pyrazolopyrimidinyl, pyrrolopyrimidinyl, imidazopyrazinyland dihydroisoquinolinyl.

In one embodiment, R¹³ is selected from phenyl, pyridinyl, pyrazolyl,imidazolyl, isoxazolyl, morpholinyl, piperdinyl, piperazinyl,quinolinyl, pyrrolidinyl, benzopyrazolyl, isoindolinyl,tetrahydroquinolinyl and homopiperazinyl.

In the present invention, the compounds of the formulas described hereinmay not include compounds of the following structures:

In particular, the compounds of the formulas described herein do notinclude the following compounds:

-   N-[(3R)-1-cyano-3-pyrrolidinyl]-4-fluoro-benzamide;-   N-(1-cyano-3-pyrrolidinyl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-carboxamide;-   N-(1-cyano-3-piperidinyl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-carboxamide;-   N-[(3R)-1-cyano-3-pyrrolidinyl]-3-({[(3R)-1-cyano-3-pyrrolidinyl]amino}sulfonyl)benzamide;-   N-[(3R)-1-cyano-3-pyrrolidinyl]-3-([(3R)-3-pyrrolidinylamino]sulfonyl)-benzamide;    or-   1-((3S,4R)-1-cyano-4-(3,4-difluorophenyl)pyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-(1′,4-dimethyl-1-phenyl-1H,1′H-[3,4′-bipyrazol]-5-yl)ureayl)urea,

i.e. compounds of the following structures:

In the present invention, the compounds of formulae (I), (IB) and (IID),including any sub-generic embodiments thereof, do not include compoundsof the following structures:

Embodiments of the invention that may be mentioned include compounds offormulae (I), (IB) and (IID) wherein:

n, X, R¹, R², R³, R⁸, R⁹, R¹⁰ and Y are defined above for compounds offormula (I);

R¹² represents either:

i) a 4 to 10 membered heteroaryl, heterocyclyl or 3 to 8 memberedcycloalkyl ring substituted with one or more of Q¹-(R¹³)_(p);

ii) a 4 to 10 membered aryl ring substituted with two or moreQ¹-(R¹³)_(p);

iii) a 5, 7, 8, 9 or 10 membered aryl ring singly substituted withQ^(1′)-(R^(13′))_(p); or

iv) a 6 membered aryl ring singly substituted with Q^(1′)-(R^(13′))_(p);

wherein p is 0 or 1;

Q¹ represents a halogen atom, cyano, oxo, a covalent bond, —NR¹⁴—,—NR¹⁴R¹⁵, —CONR¹⁴—, —NR¹⁴CO—, an oxygen atom, —CO—, —S(O)_(q)—,—SO₂NR¹⁴—, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, C₁-C₆ haloalkoxy, C₁-C₆ hydroxyalkyl, —SO₂R¹⁴,—NR¹⁴COR¹⁵, —NR¹⁴CONR¹⁵R¹⁶, —NR¹⁴SO₂NR¹⁵R¹⁶—, —CONR¹⁴R¹⁵, —CO₂R¹⁴,—NR¹⁴CO₂R¹⁵, —SO₂NR¹⁴R¹⁵, —CONR¹⁴, —C(O)R¹⁴ and —NR¹⁴SO₂R¹⁵, NO₂ or anoptionally substituted C₁-C₆ alkylene, —C₂-C₆ alkenylene or —C₁-C₆ alkylgroup;

Q^(1′) represents a chlorine or bromine atom, cyano, oxo, a covalentbond, —NR¹⁴—, —NR¹⁴R¹⁵, —CONR¹⁴—, —NR¹⁴CO—, an oxygen atom, —CO—,—S(O)_(q)—, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, C₁-C₆ haloalkoxy, C₁-C₆ hydroxyalkyl, —SO₂R¹⁴,—NR¹⁴R¹⁵, —NR¹⁴COR¹⁵, —NR¹⁴CONR¹⁵R¹⁶, —CONR¹⁴R¹⁵, —CO₂R¹⁴⁵, —NR¹⁴CO₂R¹⁵,—SO₂NR¹⁴R¹⁵, —CONR¹⁴, —C(O)R¹⁴ and —NR¹⁴SO₂R¹⁵ or an optionallysubstituted C₁-C₆ alkylene, —C₂-C₆ alkenylene or —C₁-C₆ alkyl group;

q is 0, 1 or 2;

R¹⁴, R¹⁵ and R¹⁶ each independently represent a hydrogen atom or anoptionally substituted C₁-C₆ alkyl, or an optionally substituted C₁-C₆alkylene group; and

when p is 1:

R¹³ represents a 4 to 10 membered heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, aryl or 3 to8 membered cycloalkyl ring (when p is 0, Q¹ is present and R³ isabsent), which is optionally substituted with one or more substituentsselected from halogen, optionally substituted C₁-C₆ haloalkyl,optionally substituted C₁-C₆ alkoxy, C₁-C₆ haloalkoxy, optionallysubstituted C₁-C₆ alkyl, optionally substituted C₂-C₆ alkenyl,optionally substituted C₂-C₆ alkynyl, C₁-C₆ hydroxyalkyl, oxo, cyano,optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl,optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted aryl, -Q²-R¹⁷,-Q²-NR¹⁷CONR¹⁸R¹⁹, -Q²-NR¹⁷R¹⁸, -Q²-COR¹⁷, -Q²-NR¹⁷COR¹⁸,-Q²-NR¹⁷CO₂R¹⁸, -Q²-SO₂R¹⁷, Q²-CONR¹⁷R¹⁸, -Q²-CO₂R¹⁷, -Q²-SO₂NR¹⁷R¹⁸ and-Q²-NR¹⁷SO₂R¹⁸;

R^(13′) represents an optionally substituted 4 to 10 memberedheteroaryl, heterocyclyl or 3 to 8 membered cycloalkyl ring, anoptionally substituted 5, 7, 8, 9 or 10 membered aryl ring, or asubstituted 6 membered ring (when p is 0, Q^(1′) is present and R^(13′)is absent) substituted with one or more substituents selected fromhalogen, optionally substituted C₁-C₆ haloalkyl, optionally substitutedC₁-C₆ alkoxy, C₁-C₆ haloalkoxy, optionally substituted C₁-C₆ alkyl,optionally substituted C₂-C₆ alkenyl, optionally substituted C₂-C₆alkynyl, C₁-C₆ hydroxyalkyl, oxo, cyano, optionally substitutedheterocycyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substitutedheteroaryl, optionally substituted aryl, -Q²-R¹⁷, -Q²-NR¹⁷CONR¹⁸R¹⁹,-Q²-NR¹⁷R¹⁸, -Q²-COR¹⁷, -Q²-NR¹⁷COR¹⁸, -Q²-NR¹⁷CO₂R¹⁸, -Q²-SO₂R¹⁷,Q²-CONR¹⁷R¹⁸, -Q²-CO₂R¹⁷, -Q²-SO₂NR¹⁷R¹⁸ and -Q²-NR¹⁷SO₂R¹⁸;

Q² represents a covalent bond, an oxygen atom, carbonyl, or a C₁-C₆alkylene or C₂-C₆ alkenylene group; and

R¹⁷, R¹⁸, R¹⁹ each independently represent hydrogen, optionallysubstituted C₁-C₆ alkyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionallysubstituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted aryl, or an optionallysubstituted cycloalkyl.

In a particular embodiment of the invention there is provided a compoundof formula (IID) wherein:

R¹² is selected from phenyl or pyridinyl and is substituted by one ortwo Q¹(R¹³)_(p), wherein p is 1;

each Q¹ is independently selected from a covalent bond, a fluorine atom,C₁-C₃ alkoxy or C₁-C₂ alkoxy (e.g. methoxy or ethoxy); and

R¹³ is selected from a 5 or 6 membered heteroaryl or heterocyclyl whichis optionally substituted with C₁-C₃ alkyl.

Embodiments of the invention that may be mentioned include compounds offormulae (II) or (III) wherein:

m, Z, R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁸, R⁹, R¹⁰ and Y are defined above forcompounds of formula (II);

R¹² represents either:

i) a 3 to 10 membered monocyclic heterocyclyl or cycloalkyl ringsubstituted with one or more of Q¹-(R¹³)_(p), or bicyclic heterocyclylor cycloalkyl ring optionally substituted with one or more ofQ¹-(R¹³)_(p);

ii) a 5 to 14 membered monocyclic aryl ring substituted with two or moreQ¹-(R¹³)_(p), or bicyclic or tricyclic aryl ring optionally substitutedwith two or more Q¹-(R¹³)_(p);

iii) a 5 or 7 to 14 membered monocyclic aryl ring substituted with oneor more Q¹-(R¹³)_(p), or bicyclic or tricyclic aryl ring optionallysubstituted with one or more Q¹-(R¹³)_(p);

iv) a 6 membered aryl ring mono-substituted with Q^(1′)-(R^(13′))_(p);

v) a 5 to 14 membered heteroaryl ring substituted with one or twoQ¹-(R¹³)_(p);

vi) a 6 to 14 membered heteroaryl ring substituted with one or moreQ¹-(R¹³)_(p); or

vii) a 5 membered heteroaryl ring substituted with one or moreQ^(1″)-(R^(13″))_(p),

wherein p is 0 or 1;

Q¹ represents a halogen atom, cyano, oxo, hydroxyl, a covalent bond,—C₀-C₃ alkylene-NR¹⁴—, —C₀-C₃ alkylene-NR¹⁴R¹⁵, —C₀-C₃ alkylene-CONR¹⁴—,—C₀-C₃ alkylene-NR¹⁴CO—, —C₀-C₃ alkylene-NR¹⁴SO₂—,—C₀-C₃-alkylene-O—C₀-C₃ alkylene, —C₀-C₃ alkylene-CO—, —C₀-C₃alkylene-S(O)_(q)—, —C₀-C₃ alkylene-SO₂NR¹⁴, —C₁-C₆ alkoxy, C₁-C₆haloalkoxy, C₁-C₆ hydroxyalkyl, —C₀-C₃ alkylene-SO₂R¹⁴, —C₀-C₃alkylene-NR¹⁴COR¹⁵, —C₀-C₃ alkylene-NR¹⁴CONR¹⁵R¹⁶, —C₀-C₃alkylene-NR¹⁴SO₂NR¹⁵R¹⁶, —C₀-C₃ alkylene-CONR¹⁴R¹⁵, —C₀-C₃alkylene-CO₂R¹⁴, —C₀-C₃ alkylene-NR¹⁴CO₂R¹⁵, —C₀-C₃ alkylene-SO₂NR¹⁴R¹⁵,—C₀-C₃ alkylene-CONR¹⁴, —C₀-C₃ alkylene-C(O)R¹⁴ and —C₀-C₃alkylene-NR¹⁴SO₂R¹⁵, NO₂, or an optionally substituted C₁-C₆ alkylene,—C₂-C₆ alkenylene or —C₁-C₆ alkyl group;

Q^(1′) represents a chlorine or bromine atom, cyano, oxo, hydroxyl, acovalent bond, —C₀-C₃ alkylene-NR¹⁴—, —C₀-C₃ alkylene-NR¹⁴R¹⁵, —C₀-C₃alkylene-CONR¹⁴—, —C₀-C₃ alkylene-NR¹⁴CO—, —C₀-C₃ alkylene-NR¹⁴SO₂—,—C₀-C₃-alkylene-O—C₀-C₃ alkylene, —C₀-C₃ alkylene-CO—, —C₀-C₃alkylene-S(O)_(q)—, —C₀-C₃ alkylene-SO₂NR¹⁴, —C₁-C₆ alkoxy, C₁-C₆haloalkoxy, C₁-C₆ hydroxyalkyl, —C₀-C₃ alkylene-SO₂R¹⁴, —C₀-C₃alkylene-NR¹⁴COR¹⁵, —C₀-C₃ alkylene-NR¹⁴CONR¹⁵R¹⁶, —C₀-C₃alkylene-NR¹⁴SO₂NR¹⁵R¹⁶, —C₀-C₃ alkylene-CONR¹⁴R¹⁵, —C₀-C₃alkylene-CO₂R¹⁴, —C₀-C₃ alkylene-NR¹⁴CO₂R¹⁵, —C₀-C₃ alkylene-SO₂NR¹⁴R¹⁵,—C₀-C₃ alkylene-CONR¹⁴, —C₀-C₃ alkylene-C(O)R¹⁴ and —C₀-C₃alkylene-NR¹⁴SO₂R¹⁵, NO₂, or an optionally substituted C₁-C₆ alkylene,—C₂-C₆ alkenylene or —C₁-C₆ alkyl group;

Q^(1″) represents halogen atom, cyano, oxo, hydroxyl, a covalent bond,—C₀-C₃ alkylene-NR¹⁴—, —C₀-C₃ alkylene-NR¹⁴R¹⁵, —C₀-C₃ alkylene-CONR¹⁴—,—C₀-C₃ alkylene-NR¹⁴CO—, —C₀-C₃ alkylene-NR¹⁴SO₂—,—C₀-C₃-alkylene-O—C₀-C₃ alkylene, —C₀-C₃ alkylene-CO—, —C₀-C₃alkylene-S(O)_(q)—, —C₀-C₃ alkylene-SO₂NR¹⁴, —C₁-C₆ alkoxy, C₁-C₆haloalkoxy, C₁-C₆ hydroxyalkyl, —C₀-C₃ alkylene-SO₂R¹⁴, —C₀-C₃alkylene-NR¹⁴COR¹⁵, —C₀-C₃ alkylene-NR¹⁴CONR¹⁵R¹⁶, —C₀-C₃alkylene-NR¹⁴SO₂NR¹⁵R¹⁶, —C₀-C₃ alkylene-CONR¹⁴R¹⁵, —C₀-C₃alkylene-CO₂R¹⁴, —C₀-C₃ alkylene-NR¹⁴CO₂R¹⁵, —C₀-C₃ alkylene-SO₂NR¹⁴R¹⁵,—C₀-C₃ alkylene-CONR¹⁴, —C₀-C₃ alkylene-C(O)R¹⁴ and —C₀-C₃alkylene-NR¹⁴SO₂R¹⁵, NO₂, or an optionally substituted C₁-C₆ alkylene,—C₂-C₆ alkenylene or —C₂-C₆ alkyl group;

q is 0, 1 or 2;

R¹⁴, R¹⁵ and R¹⁶ each independently represent a hydrogen atom or anoptionally substituted C₁-C₆ alkyl, or an optionally substituted C₁-C₆alkylene group; and

when p is 1:

R¹³ represents a 4 to 10 membered heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, aryl or 3 to8 membered cycloalkyl ring, which is optionally substituted with one ormore substituents selected from halogen, optionally substituted C₁-C₆haloalkyl, optionally substituted C₁-C₆ alkoxy, C₁-C₆ haloalkoxy,optionally substituted C₁-C₆ alkyl, optionally substituted C₂-C₆alkenyl, optionally substituted C₂-C₆ alkynyl, C₁-C₆ hydroxyalkyl, oxo,cyano, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionally substitutedcycloalkyl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substitutedaryl, -Q²-R¹⁷, -Q²-NR¹⁷CONR¹⁸R¹⁹, -Q²-NR¹⁷R¹⁸, -Q²-COR¹⁷, -Q²-NR¹⁷COR¹⁸,-Q²-NR¹⁷CO₂R¹⁸, -Q²-SO₂R¹⁷, Q²-CONR¹⁷R¹⁸, -Q²-CO₂R¹⁷, -Q²-SO₂NR¹⁷R¹⁸ and-Q²-NR¹⁷SO₂R¹⁸;

R^(13′) represents an optionally substituted 4 to 10 memberedheteroaryl, heterocyclyl or 3 to 8 membered cycloalkyl ring, anoptionally substituted 5, 7, 8, 9 or 10 membered aryl ring, or asubstituted 6 membered aryl ring substituted with one or moresubstituents selected from halogen, optionally substituted C₁-C₆haloalkyl, optionally substituted C₁-C₆ alkoxy, C₁-C₆ haloalkoxy,optionally substituted C₁-C₆ alkyl, optionally substituted C₂-C₆alkenyl, optionally substituted C₂-C₆ alkynyl, C₁-C₆ hydroxyalkyl, oxo,cyano, optionally substituted heterocycyl, optionally substitutedcycloalkyl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substitutedaryl, -Q²-R¹⁷, -Q²-NR¹⁸CONR¹⁸R¹⁹, -Q²-NR¹⁷R¹⁸, Q²-COR¹⁷, -Q²-NR¹⁷COR¹⁸,-Q²-NR¹⁷CO₂R¹⁸, -Q²-SO₂R¹⁷, Q²-CONR¹⁷R¹⁸, -Q²-CO₂R¹⁷, and-Q²-NR¹⁷SO₂R¹⁸;

R^(13″) represents an optionally substituted 4 to 10 memberedheteroaryl, aryl or 3 to 8 membered cycloalkyl ring, an optionallysubstituted 6 to 10 membered heteroaryl ring, or a substituted 5membered heterocyclyl ring wherein the substituents are selected fromhalogen, optionally substituted C₁-C₆ haloalkyl, optionally substitutedC₁-C₆ alkoxy, C₁-C₆ haloalkoxy, optionally substituted C₂-C₆ alkyl,optionally substituted C₂-C₆ alkenyl, optionally substituted C₂-C₆alkynyl, C₁-C₆ hydroxyalkyl, oxo, cyano, optionally substitutedheterocycyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substitutedheteroaryl, optionally substituted aryl, -Q²-R¹⁷, -Q²-NR¹⁷CONR¹⁸R¹⁹,-Q²-NR¹⁷R¹⁸, -Q²-COR¹⁷, -Q²-NR¹⁷COR¹⁸, -Q²-NR¹⁷CO₂R¹⁸, -Q²-SO₂R¹⁷,Q²-CONR¹⁷R¹⁸, -Q²-CO₂R¹⁷, and -Q²-NR¹⁷SO₂R¹⁸

Q² represents a covalent bond, an oxygen atom, carbonyl, or a C₁-C₆alkylene or C₂-C₆ alkenylene group; and

R¹⁷, R¹⁸, R¹⁹ each independently represent hydrogen, optionallysubstituted C₁-C₆ alkyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionallysubstituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted aryl, or an optionallysubstituted cycloalkyl.

Examples of novel compounds of formula (I) and/or formula (II) include:

-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-5-phenylpicolinamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-methoxy-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzamide-   2′-chloro-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-carboxamide-   6-(benzyl(methyl)amino)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)nicotinamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-phenylazetidine-1-carboxamide-   N—((R)-1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-4-((2S,6R)-2,6-dimethylmorpholino)-3-fluorobenzamide-   N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-4-phenylthiazole-2-carboxamide-   3-(3-chlorophenyl)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)isoxazole-5-carboxamide-   N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-1-phenyl-1H-imidazole-4-carboxamide-   N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-1-(2,4-difluorobenzyl)-5-oxopyrrolidine-3-carboxamide-   N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-5-oxo-1-phenylpyrrolidine-3-carboxamide-   N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-4-(3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)benzamide-   3′-chloro-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-carboxamide-   N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2′-methoxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-carboxamide-   N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-4-phenoxybenzamide-   2-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)acetamide-   N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-phenylquinoline-4-carboxamide-   6-(4-carbamoylpiperidin-1-yl)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)nicotinamide-   N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-6-(4-(2,4-difluorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)nicotinamide-   ethyl    4-(5-((1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)carbamoyl)pyridin-2-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate-   N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-6-(2-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)nicotinamide-   N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-6-(4-phenoxypiperidin-1-yl)nicotinamide-   N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-6-(4-(pyridin-4-yl)piperidin-1-yl)nicotinamide-   6-(benzyl(methyl)amino)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)picolinamide-   N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-6-(3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl)picolinamide-   N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-6-(4-phenoxypiperidin-1-yl)picolinamide-   N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-(3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl)isonicotinamide-   2-(4-acetyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)isonicotinamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-6-phenylpicolinamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-4-phenylpicolinamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-4-morpholinobenzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-fluoro-4-morpholinobenzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-phenylisoxazole-5-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-5-(pyridin-4-yl)isoxazole-3-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-carboxamide-   (R)-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)nicotinamide-   (R)-2-(2-chlorophenyl)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)thiazole-5-carboxamide-   (R)-4-(3-chloropyridin-4-yl)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)benzamide-   (R)-4-(3-chloropyridin-4-yl)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-methoxybenzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-methoxy-4-(2-methylpyridin-4-yl)benzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-methoxy-4-(2-morpholinopyridin-4-yl)benzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-4-fluoro-3-(pyridin-4-yl)benzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-4l-fluoro-3-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-5-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyrimidine-2-carboxamide-   N—((R)-1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-phenylpyrrolidine-1-carboxamide-   (S)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-4-(pyridin-4-yl)benzamide-   (S)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-6-phenylpicolinamide-   (R)-4-(3-chloropyridin-4-yl)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-N-methylbenzamide-   (R)-1-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-(imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl)-1-methylurea-   (3aR,6aR)-1-([1,1′-biphenyl]-3-carbonyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-5(1H)-carbonitrile-   (3aR,6aR)-1-(3-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carbonyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-5(1H)-carbonitrile-   (3aR,6aR)-1-(3-phenylisoxazole-5-carbonyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-5(1H)-carbonitrile-   (3aR,6aR)-1-(1-phenyl-1H-imidazole-4-carbonyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-5(1H)-carbonitrile-   (3aR,6aR)-1-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carbonyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-5(1H)-carbonitrile-   (3aR,6aR)-1-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl)isoxazole-5-carbonyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-5(1H)-carbonitrile-   (3aR,6aR)-1-(4-fluoro-3-(pyridin-4-yl)benzoyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-5(1H)-carbonitrile-   (3aR,6aR)-1-(4-fluoro-3-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzoyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-5(1H)-carbonitrile-   (3aR,6aR)-1-(4-(3-chloropyridin-4-yl)-3-methoxybenzoyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-5(1H)-carbonitrile-   (3aR,6aR)-1-(3-methoxy-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzoyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-5(1H)-carbonitrile-   (3aR,6aR)-1-(2-oxo-6-phenyl-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carbonyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-5(1H)-carbonitrile-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-(N-methylisobutyramido)benzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-5-phenylpyrimidine-2-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-(pyridin-4-yl)isoxazole-5-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-(pyridin-3-yl)isoxazole-5-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-(pyridin-2-yl)isoxazole-5-carboxamide-   N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-5-phenylpyridazine-3-carboxamide-   N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-N-methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-carboxamide-   N-((3S,4R)-1-cyano-4-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-phenylthiazole-5-carboxamide-   N-((3R,4S)-1-cyano-4-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-phenylthiazole-5-carboxamide-   N-((3S,4R)-1-cyano-4-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-5-phenylthiazole-2-carboxamide-   N-((3R,4S)-1-cyano-4-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-5-phenylthiazole-2-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-(isoindolin-2-yl)isonicotinamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-(3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl)isonicotinamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-fluoro-4-(4-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-fluoro-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-fluoro-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2,5-difluoro-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-4-(1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-3-fluorobenzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-4-(1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-2-fluorobenzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-4-(1-ethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-2-fluorobenzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-fluoro-4-(1-(2-methoxyethyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-6-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-6-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-fluoro-4-(5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-fluoro-4-(1-methyl-1H-indazol-5-yl)benzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-fluoro-N-methyl-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-N-methyl-6-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-N-methyl-3-phenoxyazetidine-1-carboxamide-   (3aR,6aR)-5-cyano-N-(2-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-1(2H)-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-fluoro-4-(pyrimidin-2-ylamino)benzamide-   N-((3R,4S)-1-cyano-4-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-fluoro-4-((R)-3-methoxypyrrolidin-1-yl)benzamide-   2-(2-chlorophenyl)-N-((3R,4R)-1-cyano-4-hydroxypyrrolidin-3-yl)thiazole-5-carboxamide-   N-(1-cyano-3-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-fluoro-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-5-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-5-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-5-(2-fluorophenyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-6-morpholinonicotinamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)isoxazole-5-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-5-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-5-(pyridin-3-yl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-fluoro-3-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-fluoro-4-(2-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)benzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-5-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)picolinamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-fluoro-5-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-fluoro-4-(pyrimidin-4-yl)benzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-fluoro-4-(imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidin-6-yl)benzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-methoxy-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-6-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)nicotinamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3,5-difluoro-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2,6-difluoro-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-6-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine-3-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-fluoro-3-methoxy-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzamide-   (R)-6-(3-cyanophenyl)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-2-carboxamide-   (R)-6-(4-cyanophenyl)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-2-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-fluoro-4-(imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-6-yl)benzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-fluoro-4-(2-morpholinopyridin-4-yl)benzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-fluoro-5-(1-methyl-1H-indazol-5-yl)picolinamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-fluoro-5-(1-methyl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-5-yl)picolinamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-5-(1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-3-fluoropicolinamide-   (R)-3-chloro-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-5-(4-fluorophenyl)picolinamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-6-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-2-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-6-(1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-2-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-5-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-6-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-6-(3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-6-(1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-5-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2,3-difluoro-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-5-(1-ethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-4-methylpicolinamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-phenoxyazetidine-1-carboxamide-   (R)-3-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)azetidine-1-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-4-phenylpiperazine-1-carboxamide-   N—((R)-1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-phenylmorpholine-4-carboxamide-   (R)-4-(2-chloro-6-fluorobenzyl)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-1,4-diazepane-1-carboxamide-   (R)-4-benzyl-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-1,4-diazepane-1-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-1,3,4,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole-2-carboxamide-   N—((R)-1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-((2S,6R)-2,6-dimethylmorpholino)-5-fluoroisonicotinamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-5-fluoro-2-(isoindolin-2-yl)isonicotinamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-fluoro-4-(pyrimidin-2-ylamino)benzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-fluoro-4-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)benzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2,5-difluoro-4-morpholinobenzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2,5-difluoro-4-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)benzamide-   N—((R)-1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-fluoro-4-((R)-3-methoxypyrrolidin-1-yl)benzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-methoxy-4-(pyrimidin-2-ylamino)benzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-methoxy-4-((4-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)amino)benzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-fluoro-4-((4-methoxypyrimidin-2-yl)amino)benzamide-   N—((R)-1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-5-methyl-1-(1-phenylethyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-5-methyl-1-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-fluoro-4-(pyridazin-4-yl)benzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-1-isobutyl-6-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-6-(3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)-1-isobutyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-1-(cyclopropylmethyl)-6-(3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-N-methyl-6-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-2-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-N-methyl-5-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-6-(3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)-N-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-7-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-carboxamide-   (R)-7-(3-cyanophenyl)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-N-methyl-7-(2-methylpyridin-4-yl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-N-methyl-7-(6-methylpyridin-3-yl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-7-(1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-N-methylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-7-(2,6-dimethylpyridin-4-yl)-N-methylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-N-ethyl-7-(2-methylpyridin-4-yl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-7-morpholinoimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-carboxamide-   (R)-6-(3-cyanophenyl)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-fluoroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-2-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-fluoro-6-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-2-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-6-(1-ethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-3-fluoroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-2-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-6-(1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-3-fluoroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-2-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-6-(3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)-3-fluoroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-2-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-fluoro-4-(pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-5-yl)benzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-5-(4-fluorophenyl)picolinamide-   N-((2R,3R)-1-cyano-2-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-5-(4-fluorophenyl)picolinamide-   3-chloro-N-((3R,4S)-1-cyano-4-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-4-morpholinobenzamide-   N-((3R,4R)-1-cyano-4-fluoropyrrolidin-3-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-carboxamide-   N-((3R,4R)-1-cyano-4-cyclopropylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-fluoro-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzamide-   N-((3S,4S)-1-cyano-4-methoxypyrrolidin-3-yl)-N-methyl-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-5-(1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)picolinamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-5-(2-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)picolinamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-4-(2,6-dimethylpyrimidin-4-yl)-2-fluorobenzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-fluoro-4-(5-fluoro-2-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)benzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-fluoro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)benzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-fluoro-4-(2-methyl-3H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)benzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-fluoro-4-(imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3-yl)benzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-fluoro-5-(pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-5-yl)picolinamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-fluoro-5-(imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-6-yl)picolinamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-methoxy-3-phenylazetidine-1-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-N-methyl-3-phenylazetidine-1-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)azetidine-1-carboxamide-   (R)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)azetidine-1-carboxamide-   (R)-3-(3-chlorophenyl)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)azetidine-1-carboxamide-   (3aR,6aR)-1-(3-phenylazetidine-1-carbonyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-5(1H)-carbonitrile-   (R)-1-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-1-methyl-3-(4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)phenyl)urea-   (R)-1-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-1-methyl-3-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)urea-   (3aR,6aR)—N-(4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-5-cyanohexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-1(2H)-carboxamide-   (3aR,6aR)-5-cyano-N-(2-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrol-1(2H)-carboxamide-   (3aR,6aR)-5-cyano-N-(4-cyano-2-fluorophenyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-1(2H)-carboxamide-   (3aR,6aR)-5-cyano-N-(4-cyano-2,5-difluorophenyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-1(2H)-carboxamide-   (3aR,6aR)—N-(5-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-5-cyanohexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-1(2H)-carboxamide-   (3aR,6aR)-5-cyano-N-(2-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-1(2H)-carboxamide-   (3aR,6aR)-5-cyano-N-(5-phenylpyridin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-1(2H)-carboxamide-   (3aR,6aR)-5-cyano-N-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-1(2H)-carboxamide-   (R)-1-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-1-ethyl-3-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)urea-   1-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-1-(2-methoxyethyl)-3-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)urea-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-N-ethyl-3-fluoro-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-N-ethyl-3-phenylazetidine-1-carboxamide-   (R)-3-(2-oxo-3-(4-phenylthiazol-2-yl)imidazolidin-1-yl)pyrrolidine-1-carbonitrile-   (R)-3-(2-oxo-3-(4-phenylthiazol-2-yl)tetrahydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)pyrrolidine-1-carbonitrile-   (R)-3-(3-(3-morpholinophenyl)-2-oxoimidazolidin-1-yl)pyrrolidine-1-carbonitrile-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-4-(pyrimidin-2-yl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[b][1,4]oxazine-7-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-4-(4-cyclopropylpyrimidin-2-yl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[b][1,4]oxazine-7-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-4-((4-cyclopropylpyrimidin-2-yl)amino)-3-fluorobenzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-4-((4-cyclopropylpyrimidin-2-yl)amino)-2,3-difluorobenzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-4-(N-methylisobutyramido)picolinamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-[2,3′-bipyridine]-6′-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-[2,4′-bipyridine]-2′-carboxamide-   (R)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)isoxazole-5-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)isoxazole-5-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)isoxazole-5-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-(3-methoxyphenyl)isoxazole-5-carboxamide-   N—((R)-1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-1-phenylpyrrolidine-3-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-fluoro-4-(4-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-fluoro-N-methyl-4-(4-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzamide-   N—((R)-1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-(pyridin-2-yl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxamide-   N—((R)-1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-(2-methoxypyridin-4-yl)-N-methylisoxazole-5-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-fluoro-4-(N-methylphenylsulfonamido)benzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-1-methyl-6-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-1-methyl-5-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide-   (R)-1-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-(2-(isoindolin-2-yl)pyridin-4-yl)-1-methylurea-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-fluoro-1-methyl-5-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-7-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-3-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-(1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)azetidine-1-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-(1-(pyrazin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)azetidine-1-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-(2-phenylpyrimidin-4-yl)azetidine-1-carboxamide-   (R)-3-(2-(4-chlorophenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)azetidine-1-carboxamide-   (R)-3-(benzyloxy)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-phenylazetidine-1-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-1-(4-cyclopropylpyrimidin-2-yl)indoline-5-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-1-(4-cyclopropylpyrimidin-2-yl)-N-methylindoline-5-carboxamide-   (3aR,6aR)-5-cyano-N-(3-(2-methylpyridin-4-yl)phenyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-1(2H)-carboxamide-   (3aR,6aR)-5-cyano-N-(4-(2-methylpyridin-4-yl)phenyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-1(2H)-carboxamide-   (3aR,6aR)-5-cyano-N-(2-fluoro-4-(2-methylpyridin-4-yl)phenyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-1(2H)-carboxamide-   (3aR,6aR)-5-cyano-N-(2′-methyl-[3,4′-bipyridin]-6-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-1(2H)-carboxamide-   (3aR,6aR)-5-cyano-N-(2-fluoro-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)phenyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-1(2H)-carboxamide-   1-(3-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carbonyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-5(1H)-carbonitrile-   (3aR,6aR)-1-(3-phenoxyazetidine-1-carbonyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-5(11H)-carbonitrile-   N-(1-cyanopiperidin-3-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-carboxamide-   1-(3-benzylphenyl)-3-(1-cyanopiperidin-3-yl)urea-   1-(1-cyanopiperidin-3-yl)-3-(3-phenoxyphenyl)urea-   1-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)urea-   1-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)urea-   1-(3-benzylphenyl)-3-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)urea-   1-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-3-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)urea-   1-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-(3-phenoxyphenyl)urea-   3-(3-benzylphenyl)-1-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-1-methylurea-   3-(3-chlorophenyl)-1-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-1-methylurea-   1-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-1-methyl-3-(3-phenoxyphenyl)urea-   3-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-1-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-1-methylurea-   1-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methylurea-   1-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-1-methyl-3-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)urea-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-6-(3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)-N-methyl-1H-indole-2-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-N-methyl-5-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxamide-   N—((R)-1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-N-methyl-2-phenylmorpholine-4-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-N-methylindoline-1-carboxamide-   (R)-1-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-1-methyl-3-(6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)urea-   (R)-3-(5-chloropyridin-2-yl)-1-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-1-methylurea-   (3aR,6aR)-1-(3-chloro-4-morpholinobenzoyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-5(1H)-carbonitrile-   (3aR,6aR)-1-(indoline-1-carbonyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-5(1H)-carbonitrile-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-(2-methylpyridin-4-yl)isoxazole-5-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)isoxazole-5-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-(2,4-difluorophenyl)isoxazole-5-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-N-methyl-3-(2-methylpyridin-4-yl)isoxazole-5-carboxamide

It should be noted that each of the chemical compounds listed aboverepresents a particular and independent aspect of the invention.

Described herein is a process for the preparation of a compound offormula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof comprising thesteps of reacting an amine of formula (IV) with a compound R¹²—Y—COOH toform an amide:

Where R¹, R², R³, R⁸, R⁹, R¹⁰, X and n, are as defined elsewhere and PGis an amine protecting group.

The protecting group may be but is not limited to BOC. It is clear to aperson skilled in the art to combine or adjust such a protectingchemical group. After coupling of R¹²—Y—COOH to form an amide, theprotecting group may be removed to leave the free amine according toformula (V) which can then be treated with cyanogen bromide to formcompounds according to formula (I).

Also described is provided a process for the preparation of a compoundof formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof comprisingthe steps of reacting an amine of formula (V) with cyanogen bromide toform N—CN compounds:

According to a further aspect of the invention there is provided aprocess for the preparation of a compound of formula (II) or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof comprising the steps ofreacting an amine of formula (IVA) with a compound R¹²—Y—COOH to form anamide:

Where R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁸, R⁹, R¹⁰, R¹², Z and m, are as definedelsewhere for formula II and PG is an amine protecting group. Theprotecting group may be but is not limited to BOC. It is clear to aperson skilled in the art to combine or adjust such a protectingchemical group. After coupling of R²—Y—COOH to form an amide, theprotecting group may be removed to leave the free amine according toformula (VA) which can then be treated with cyanogen bromide to formcompounds according to formula (II).

According to a further aspect of the invention there is provided aprocess for the preparation of a compound of formula (II) or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof comprising the steps ofreacting an amine of formula (VA) with cyanogen bromide to form N—CNcompounds:

Where R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁸, R⁹, R¹⁰, Z and m, are as defined elsewherefor formula II.

According to a further aspect of the invention there is provided apharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula (I) orformula (II).

Pharmaceutical compositions of this invention comprise any of thecompounds of the invention combined with any pharmaceutically acceptablecarrier, adjuvant or vehicle. Examples of pharmaceutically acceptablecarriers, are known to those skilled in the art and include but are notlimited to preserving agents, fillers, disintegrating agents, wettingagents, emulsifying agents, suspending agents, sweetening agents,flavouring agents, perfuming agents, antibacterial agents, antifungalagents, lubricating agents and dispersing agents, depending on thenature of the mode of administration and dosage forms. The compositionsmay be in the form of, for example, tablets, capsules, powders,granules, elixirs, lozenges, suppositories, syrups and liquidpreparations including suspensions and solutions. The term“pharmaceutical composition” in the context of this invention means acomposition comprising an active agent and comprising additionally oneor more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers. The composition mayfurther contain ingredients selected from, for example, diluents,adjuvants, excipients, vehicles, preserving agents, fillers,disintegrating agents, wetting agents, emulsifying agents, suspendingagents, sweetening agents, flavouring agents, perfuming agents,antibacterial agents, antifungal agents, lubricating agents anddispersing agents, depending on the nature of the mode of administrationand dosage forms.

According to a further aspect of the invention there is provided acompound of formula (I) or formula (II) or pharmaceutical compositionthereof for use in therapy.

There is also provided a compound of formula (IA) or a pharmaceuticalcomposition thereof for use in the treatment cancer and conditionsinvolving mitochondrial dysfunction

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:

n is 1 or 2;

when n is 1, X is CR⁴R⁵ and when n is 2, X is CR⁶R⁷CR⁴R⁵ (wherein CR⁴R⁵is adjacent to heterocycle N atom);

R² represents a hydrogen atom, cyano, an optionally substituted C₁-C₆alkyl, an optionally substituted C₁-C₆ alkoxy group, an optionallysubstituted 4 to 10 membered heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, aryl or 3 to 8membered cycloalkyl ring;

R¹, R³, R⁴ and R⁵ each independently represent a hydrogen atom, cyano,an optionally substituted C₁-C₃ alkyl or an optionally substituted C₁-C₃alkoxy group;

R⁶, R⁷ and R⁸ each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a fluorineatom, cyano, an optionally substituted C₁-C₃ alkyl or an optionallysubstituted C₁-C₃ alkoxy group;

R⁹ represents a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, cyano, an optionallysubstituted C₁-C₆ alkyl, an optionally substituted C₁-C₃ alkoxy group,an optionally substituted 4 to 10 membered heteroaryl, heterocyclyl,aryl or 3 to 8 membered cycloalkyl ring, or forms an optionallysubstituted heterocyclic ring with R¹⁰ wherein the ring optionallycomprises one or more additional heteroatoms;

R¹⁰ represents a hydrogen atom, C₁₋₆ alkyl, or forms an optionallysubstituted heterocyclic ring with R⁹ or R¹¹ wherein the ring optionallycomprises one or more additional heteroatoms;

Y represents a covalent bond, NR¹¹ or optionally substituted C₁-C₃alkylene;

R¹¹ represents a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted C₁-C₆ alkyl, a4 to 10 membered heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, aryl or 3 to 8 memberedcycloalkyl ring, or forms an optionally substituted heterocyclic ringwith R¹⁰ wherein the ring optionally comprises one or more additionalheteroatoms;

R¹² represents an optionally substituted 4 to 10 membered heteroaryl,heterocyclyl, aryl or 3 to 8 membered cycloalkyl ring.

Further definitions of R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, R⁷, R⁸, R⁹, R¹⁰, R¹¹, R¹²and Y include those described in the embodiments above for formulae (I),(IB) and (IID).

Conditions Involving Mitochondrial Dysfunction

The compounds of the invention according to formulae (I), (IA) and (II)can be used in the treatment of disorders or diseases having a componentrelating to mitochondrial dysfunction, particularly disorders ordiseases linked to DUB activity. More particularly, disorders ordiseases link to USP30 activity.

The compounds of formulae (I), (IA) and (II) as described herein may beused in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of conditionsinvolving mitochondrial dysfunction.

In a further aspect of the invention there is provided a method oftreatment or prevention of a condition involving mitochondrialdysfunction, the method comprising administering a pharmaceuticallyeffective amount of a compound of formulae (I), (IA) and (II) or apharmaceutical composition thereof to an individual diagnosed with acondition involving mitochondrial dysfunction.

Mitochondrial dysfunctions result from defects of the mitochondria,which are specialized compartments present in every cell of the bodyexcept red blood cells. When mitochondria fail, less and less energy isgenerated within the cell and cell injury or even cell death willfollow. If this process is repeated throughout the body the life of thesubject in whom this is happening is severely compromised. Diseases ofthe mitochondria appear most often in organs that are very energydemanding such as the brain, heart, liver, skeletal muscles, kidney andthe endocrine and respiratory system.

The condition involving mitochondrial dysfunction may be selected from acondition involving a mitophagy defect, a condition involving a mutationin mitochondrial DNA, a condition involving mitochondrial oxidativestress, a condition involving a defect in mitochondrial membranepotential, mitochondrial biogenesis, a condition involving a defect inmitochondrial shape or morphology, and a condition involving a lysosomalstorage defect.

In particular, the condition involving mitochondrial dysfunction may beselected from a neurodegenerative disease; mitochondrial myopathy,encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS)syndrome; Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON); cancer;neuropathy, ataxia, retinitis pigmentosa-maternally inherited Leighsyndrome (NARP-MILS); Danon disease; diabetes; metabolic disorders;ischemic heart disease leading to myocardial infarction; psychiatricdiseases, for example schizophrenia; multiple sulfatase deficiency(MSD); mucolipidosis II (ML II); mucolipidosis III (ML III);mucolipidosis IV (ML IV); GMI-gangliosidosis (GMI); neuronalceroid-lipofuscinoses (NCL1); Alpers disease; Barth syndrome;Beta-oxidation defects; carnitine-acyl-carnitine deficiency; carnitinedeficiency; creatine deficiency syndromes; co-enzyme Q10 deficiency;complex I deficiency; complex II deficiency; complex III deficiency;complex IV deficiency; complex V deficiency; COX deficiency; chronicprogressive external ophthalmoplegia syndrome (CPEO); CPT I deficiency;CPT II deficiency; glutaric aciduria type II; Kearns-Sayre syndrome;lactic acidosis; long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (LCHAD);Leigh disease or syndrome; lethal infantile cardiomyopathy (LIC); Luftdisease; glutaric aciduria type II; medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenasedeficiency (MCAD); myoclonic epilepsy and ragged-red fiber (MERRF)syndrome; mitochondrial cytopathy; mitochondrial recessive ataxiasyndrome; mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome; myoneurogastointestinaldisorder and encephalopathy; Pearson syndrome; pyruvate dehydrogenasedeficiency; pyruvate carboxylase deficiency; POLG mutations;medium/short-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (M/SCHAD) deficiency;and very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD) deficiency.

The condition involving mitochondrial dysfunction may be a CNS disorder,for example a neurodegenerative disease.

Neurodegenerative diseases include, but are not limited to, Parkinson'sdisease, Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS),Huntington's disease, ischemia, stroke, dementia with Lewy bodies, andfrontotemporal dementia.

In a particular embodiment, the compounds of the invention are useful inthe treatment of Parkinson's disease, including, but not limited to, PDrelated to mutations in α-synuclein, parkin and PINK1, autosomalrecessive juvenile Parkinson's disease (AR-JP) where parkin is mutated.

The compounds of formulae (I), (IA) and (II) or pharmaceuticalcompositions thereof as described herein may be combined with one ormore additional agents when used for the treatment of conditionsinvolving mitochondrial dysfunction. The compounds may be combined withone or more additional agents selected from levodopa, a dopamineagonist, a monoamino oxygenase (MAO) B inhibitor, a catecholO-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitor, an anticholinergic, riluzole,amantadine, a cholinesterase inhibitor, memantine, tetrabenazine, anantipsychotic, diazepam, clonazepam, an antidepressant, and ananti-convulsant.

Cancer

Compounds of formulae (I) and (IA) also have use in the treatment ofcancer and more particularly in the treatment of cancer linked to DUBactivity, especially USP30 activity.

The compounds of the invention according to formula (II) also have usein the treatment of cancer and more particularly in the treatment ofcancer linked to DUB activity or desumoylation activity. The compoundsof the invention may be useful against any DUB or desumoylating enzyme,including but not limited to USP30 and USP10.

The compounds described herein may be used in the manufacture of amedicament for the treatment of cancer linked to DUB activity.

The compounds of formulae (I), (IB) and (II) as described herein mayalso be used in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of acancer. In a further aspect of the invention there is provided a methodof treatment or prevention of a cancer, the method comprisingadministering a pharmaceutically effective amount of a compound offormulae (I), (IB) and (II) or a pharmaceutical composition thereof toan individual suffering from a cancer.

The compounds of the invention also have use in the treatment of cancerlinked to mitochondrial dysfunction.

In one embodiment, the compounds of the invention according have use inthe treatment of cancer where apoptotic pathways are dysregulated andmore particularly where proteins of the BCL-2 family are mutated, orover or under expressed.

References to “cancer” or “tumour” include but are not limited tobreast, ovarian, prostate, lung, kidney, gastric, colon, testicular,head and neck, pancreas, brain, melanoma, bone or other cancers oftissue organs and cancers of the blood cells such as lymphomas andleukaemias. Particular cancers include lymphoma, multiple myeloma,colorectal cancer, and non-small cell lung carcinoma.

The compounds of formulae (I), (IA) and (II) or pharmaceuticalcompositions thereof as described herein may be combined with one ormore additional agents when used for the treatment of cancer. Thecompounds may be combined with an additional anti-tumour therapeuticagent, for example chemotherapeutic drugs or inhibitors of otherregulatory proteins. In one embodiment the additional anti-tumourtherapeutic agent is a BH-3 mimetic. In a further embodiment BH-3mimetics may be selected from but not limited to one or more of ABT-737,ABT-199, ABT-263, and Obatoclax. In a further embodiment the additionalanti-tumour agent is a chemotherapeutic agent. Chemotherapeutic agentsmay be selected from but not limited to, olaparib, mitomycin C,cisplatin, carboplatin, oxaliplatin, ionizing radiation (IR),camptothecin, irinotecan, topotecan, temozolomide, taxanes,5-fluoropyrimidines, gemcitabine, and doxorubicin.

For treating a mitochondrial dysfunction disorder, the pharmaceuticalcompositions of the invention may be designed for administration by theoral, parenteral or mucosal route and the choice or the specific form ofcomposition is dependent on the administration route. Thus for oraladministration the composition may be in the form, for example, oftablets, lozenges, dragees, films, powders, elixirs, syrups, liquidpreparations including dispersions, suspensions, emulsions, solutions orsprays, cachets, granules, capsules, etc. For administration to mucosathe composition may be in the form of sprays, inhalants, dispersions,suspensions, emulsions, solutions, gels, patches, films, ointments,creams, lotions, suppositories etc. For parenteral administration thecomposition is in the form of a liquid preparation such as a solution,dispersion, emulsion or suspension including liposome compositions.

For treating a CNS disorder, the compounds of the invention must havethe ability to pass across the blood-brain barrier. As such, suchcompounds have the ability to enter the central nervous system of apatient. Alternatively, the pharmaceutical compositions of the presentinvention can bypass the blood brain barrier through use of compositionsand methods known in the art for bypassing the blood brain barrier orcan be injected directly into the brain. Suitable areas for injectioninclude the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, midbrain, brainstem,hypothalamus, spinal cord and ventricular tissue, and areas of the PNSincluding the carotid body and the adrenal medulla. Further dosage formsinclude those suitable for oral delivery including, but not limited totablets, dragees, powders, elixirs, syrups, liquid preparationsincluding suspensions, sprays, inhalants, tablets, lozenges, emulsions,solutions, cachets, granules and capsules. For parenteraladministration, preparations include sterile aqueous, aqueous-organic,and organic solutions, suspensions and emulsions.

For treating a cancer, the pharmaceutical compositions of the inventionmay be administered in any effective manner suitable for targetingcancer cells, for example orally in any orally acceptable dosage formincluding, but not limited to tablets, dragees, powders, elixirs,syrups, liquid preparations including suspensions, sprays, inhalants,tablets, lozenges, emulsions, solutions, cachets, granules and capsules.Preparations according to the invention for parenteral administrationinclude sterile aqueous, aqueous-organic, and organic solutions,suspensions and emulsions.

Such dosage forms are prepared according to techniques known in the artof pharmaceutical formulation. When in the form of sprays or inhalantsthe pharmaceutical compositions may be administered nasally. Suitableformulations for this purpose are known to those skilled in the art.

The pharmaceutical compositions of the invention may be administered byinjection and may be in the form of a sterile liquid preparation forinjection, including liposome preparations. The pharmaceuticalcompositions of the invention may also be in the form of suppositoriesfor rectal administration. These are formulated so that thepharmaceutical composition is solid at room temperature and liquid atbody temperature to allow release of the active compound.

The dosages may be varied depending upon the requirements of thepatient, the severity of the condition being treated, and the compoundbeing employed. Determination of the proper dosage for a particularsituation is within the remit of the person skilled in the skill of theart. Generally, treatment is initiated with smaller dosages which areless than the optimal dose of the compound. Thereafter the dosage isincreased by small increments until the optimum effect under thecircumstances is reached. The magnitude of an effective dose of acompound will, of course, vary with the nature of the severity of thecondition to be treated and with the particular compound and its routeof administration. The selection of appropriate dosages is within theability of one of ordinary skill in this art, without undue burden. Thedaily dose range is about 10 g to about 100 mg per kg body weight of ahuman and non-human animal and in general may be around 10 g to 30 mgper kg body weight per dose. The above dose may be given from one tothree times per day.

Synthetic Methodologies

Compounds of the invention may be prepared via a variety of syntheticroutes. Exemplary routes to certain compounds of the invention are shownbelow. Representative compounds of the present invention can besynthesized in accordance with the general synthetic methods describedbelow and are illustrated more particularly in the schemes that follow.Since the schemes are an illustration, the invention should not beconstrued as being limited by the chemical reactions and conditionsexpressed. The preparation of the various starting materials used in theschemes is well within the skill of persons versed in the art. Thoseskilled in the art appreciate that, where appropriate, the individualtransformations within a scheme can be completed in a different order.The following schemes describe general synthetic methods wherebyintermediate and target compounds of the present invention may beprepared. Additional representative compounds and stereoisomers, racemicmixtures, diastereomers and enantiomers thereof can be synthesized usingthe intermediates prepared in accordance to the general schemes andother materials, compounds and reagents known to those skilled in theart. All such compounds, stereoisomers, racemic mixtures, diastereomersand enantiomers thereof are intended to be encompassed within the scopeof the present invention.

The compounds were characterised by liquid chromatography-massspectroscopy (LCMS) and/or ¹H NMR.

Abbreviations:

-   aq Aqueous-   Ar Aryl-   BOC Tert-butyloxycarbonyl-   br Broad (NMR signal)-   d Doublet (NMR signal)-   CDI Carbonyldiimidazole-   DCM Dichloromethane-   DCE 1,2-Dichloroethane-   DIPEA Diisopropylethylamine-   DMA Dimethylacetamide-   DMAP Dimethylaminopyridine-   DMF N,N-Dimethylformamide-   DMSO Dimethylsulphoxide-   dppf 1,1′-Bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene-   EDC 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide-   ES Electrospray-   EtOAc Ethyl acetate-   EtOH Ethanol-   Fmoc Fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl-   h Hour(s)-   HATU    1-[Bis(dimethylamino)methylene]-1H-1,2,3-triazolo[4,5-b]pyridinium    3-oxidhexafluorophosphate-   HBTU    O-Benzotriazole-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-uronium-hexafluoro-phosphate-   HOAt 1-Hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole-   HOBT 1-Hydroxybenzotriazole-   IPA Isopropyl alcohol-   LDA Lithium diisopropylamide-   LiHMDS Lithium hexamethyldisilazide-   m Multiplet (NMR signal)-   MeCN Acetonitrile-   MeOH Methanol-   min Minute(s)-   NCS N-chlorosuccinimide-   PE Petroleum Ether-   rt Room temperature-   RT Retention Time-   s Singlet (NMR signal)-   t Triplet (NMR signal)-   T3P    2,4,6-Tripropyl-1,3,5,2,4,6-trioxatriphosphorinane-2,4,6-trioxide-   TBAI Tetrabutylammonium Iodide-   TBD 1,5,7-Triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene-   TEA Triethylamine-   TFAA Trifluoroacetic anhydride-   TFA Trifluoroacetic acid-   THF Tetrahydrofuran-   TLC Thin layer chromatography-   Xantphos 4,5-Bis(diphenylphosphino)-9,9-dimethylxanthene-   X-Phos 2-Dicyclohexylphosphino-2′,4′,6′-triisopropylbiphenyl

Analytical Methods:

Method A Column X-bridge C18, 50 × 4.6 mm, 3.5 μm or equivalent MobilePhase (A) 0.1% Ammonia in water; (B) 0.1% Ammonia in McCN Flow Rate 1.0ml/min Time % B Gradient 0.01  5 5.00 90 5.80 95 7.20 95

Method B Column BEH C18, 50 × 2.1 mm, 1.71 μm or equivalent Mobile Phase(A) 5 mM Ammonium acetate + 0.1% formic acid in water (B) 0.1% Formicacid in MeCN Flow Rate 0.45 ml/min Time % B Gradient 0.01  2 0.50  25.00 90 6.00 95 7.00 95

Method C Column BEH C18, 50 × 2.1mm, 1.7 μm or equivalent Mobile Phase(A) 5mM Ammonium acetate + 0.1% formic acid in water (B) 0.1% Formicacid in MeCN Flow Rate 0.55 ml/min Time % B Gradient 0.01 5 0.40 5 0.8035 1.20 55 2.50 100 3.30 100

Method D Column Agilent TC-C18, 50 × 2.1 mm, 51μm Mobile Phase (A) 0.04%TFA in water; (B) 0.02% TFA in McCN Flow Rate 0.8 ml/min Time % BGradient 0  0 0.4  1 3.4 100 4 100 Temperature 50° C.

Method E Column XB ridge ShieldRP18, 50× 2.l mm, 5 μm Mobile Phase (A)0.05% Ammonia in water; (B) MeCN Flow Rate 0.8 ml/min Time % B Gradient0  0 0.4  5 3.4 100 4 100 Temperature 40° C.

Method F Column Agilent TC-C18, 50 × 2.1 mm, 5 μm Mobile Phase (A) 0.04%TFA in water; (B) 0.02% TFA in MeCN Flow Rate 0.6 ml/min Time % BGradient 0  0 0.4  0 3.4 100 4 100 Temperature 40° C.

Method G Column YMC Triart C18, 150 × 4.6 mm, 5μm Mobile Phase (A) 10 mMAmmonium acetate in water; (B) MeCN Flow Rate 1.0 ml/min Time % BGradient  0.01  10  5.00  90  7.00 100 11.00 100

Method H Column X-bridge C18, 250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm or equivalent MobilePhase (A) 0.1% Ammonia in water; (B) 0.1% Ammonia in MeCN Flow Rate 1.0ml/min Time % B Gradient  0.01  5  5.00  5 10.00 30 15.00 30 25.00 6030.00 90 35.00 90

Chiral HPLC Method X Column CHIRALPAK_IC, 250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm MobilePhase (A) 0.1% TFA in hexane; (B) 0.1% TFA in 50% IPA/MeOH Flow Rate1.00 ml/min Time % B Gradient  0.01 20  3.00 20  5.00 55 15.00 85 25.0085

Chiral HPLC Method Y Column CHIRALPAK_IB, 250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm MobilePhase (A) 0.1% TFA in hexane; (B) 0.1% TFA in EtOH Flow Rate 1.00 ml/minTime % B Gradient  0.01 20  3.00 20 10.00 55 15.00 85 25.00 85

Chiral HPLC Method Z Column CHIRALPAK_IB, 250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm MobilePhase (A) 0.1% TFA in hexane; (B) 0.1% TFA in IPA Flow Rate 1.00 ml/minTime % B Gradient  0.01 20  3.00 20 10.00 55 15.00 70 20.00 70

Example 1 (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-5-phenylpicolinamide

(Prepared According to General Method A)

Step a. To a solution of (R)-3-amino-1N—BOC-pyrrolidine (0.24 mmol) inTHF (10 ml) was added EDC.HCl (0.33 mmol), HOBt (0.33 mmol) and DIPEA(0.45 mmol) at rt. The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 15 min.5-Phenylpyridine-2-carboxylic acid (0.22 mmol) was added to the reactionmixture at rt and stirred for 15 h. The resulting reaction mixture waspoured into water (50 ml) and extracted with EtOAc (3×10 ml). Thecombined organic phase was collected, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered andconcentrated under reduced pressure yielding tert-butyl(R)-3-(5-phenylpicolinamido) pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (quantitative).This material was used directly for the next step without furtherpurification. MS: ES+ 312.2 (M-tBu).

Step b. To a solution of tert-butyl(R)-3-(5-phenylpicolinamido)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (0.27 mmol) in DCM(10 ml) was added TFA (1 ml) at 0° C. The reaction mixture was stirredat rt for 3 h and then heated at 50° C. for 12 h. The resulting reactionmixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residuewas azeotropically distilled using DCM (2×10 ml) and dried under reducedpressure yielding (R)-5-phenyl-N-(pyrrolidin-3-yl) picolinamide TFA salt(quantitative). This material was used directly for the next stepwithout further purification. MS: ES+ 268.2

Step c. To a solution of (R)-5-phenyl-N-(pyrrolidin-3-yl) picolinamideTFA salt (0.26 mmol) in THF (15 ml) was added K₂CO₃ (1.3 mmol) at 0° C.The reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 30 min. Cyanogen bromide(0.31 mmol) was added to the reaction mixture at 0° C. Then reactionmixture was stirred at rt for 30 min. The resulting reaction mixture waspoured in to water (50 ml) and extracted with EtOAc (3×10 ml). Thecombined organic phase was collected, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered andconcentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purifiedby column chromatography (40% EtOAc in hexane) yielding the titlecompound (0.11 mmol). LCMS: Method B, RT 3.68 min, MS: ES+ 293.5; ¹H NMR(400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 9.05 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 8.95-8.96 (m, 1H), 8.29(dd, J=1, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 8.10 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.81 (dd, J=1.6, 6.8 Hz,2H), 7.55-7.57 (m, 2H), 7.47-7.50 (m, 1H), 4.53-4.58 (m, 1H), 3.55-3.65(m, 2H), 3.40-3.49 (m, 2H), 2.12-2.15 (m, 1H), 2.05-2.10 (m, 1H)

Example 2(R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-methoxy-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzamide

(Prepared According to General Method B)

Step a. To a solution of methyl 4-bromo-3-methoxybenzoate (1.02 mmol),1-methylpyrazole-4-boronic acid pinacol ester (1.52 mmol) in1,4-dioxane:water (2:1) (6 ml) was added Na₂CO₃ (3.35 mmol) at rt. Thereaction mixture was purged with nitrogen for 10 min. Pd(PPh₃)₄ (0.04mmol) was added to the reaction mixture. The reaction mixture was heatedat 90° C. for 8 h. The resulting reaction mixture was poured in to water(100 ml) and extracted with EtOAc (2×50 ml). The combined organic layerwas washed with brine (100 ml), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered andconcentrated under reduced pressure yielding methyl3-methoxy-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzoate (quantitative). Thismaterial was used for next step without further purification. MS: ES+247.1

Step b. To a solution of 3-methoxy-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl) benzoate(3.65 mmol) in THF:water (1:1, 10 ml) was added LiOH.H₂O (14.60 mmol)portion wise at rt. The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 3 h. Theresulting mixture was poured into water (50 ml) and extracted with EtOAc(2×50 ml). The resulting aqueous layer containing the product was cooledto 0° C. and neutralised by slow addition of dilute aqueous HClsolution. The resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc (2×50 ml). Thecombined organic phase was dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentratedunder reduced pressure yielding 3-methoxy-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzoic acid (1.63 mmol). MS: ES+ 233.2

Step c. To a solution of (R)-3-amino-1N—BOC-pyrrolidine (0.86 mmol) and3-methoxy-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl) benzoic acid (0.86 mmol) in THF(7 ml) added HATU (1.29 mmol) and DIPEA (2.5 mmol) at 0° C. The reactionmixture was stirred at rt for 2 h. The resulting reaction mixture waspoured into water (100 ml) and extracted with EtOAc (2×50 ml). Thecombined organic phase was collected and washed with dilute citric acidsolution (2×50 ml), brine (1×100 ml), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered andconcentrated under reduced pressure yielding tert-butyl(R)-3-(3-methoxy-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzamido)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate(0.9 mmol). MS: ES+ 401.3

Step d. To a solution of tert-butyl(R)-3-(3-methoxy-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-benzamido)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (0.9 mmol) in DCM (10 ml) was added TFA (29.4mmol) at 0° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 2 h. Theresulting reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. Theobtained residue was azeotropically distilled with DCM (3×25 ml) anddried to yield(R)-3-methoxy-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-N-(pyrrolidin-3-yl) benzamideTFA salt (0.57 mmol). MS: ES+ 301.24

Step e. To a solution of(R)-3-methoxy-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-N-(pyrrolidin-3-yl) benzamideTFA salt (0.57 mmol) in THF (10 ml) was added K₂CO₃ (4.7 mmol) andcyanogen bromide (0.79 mmol) at 0° C. The reaction mixture was stirredat rt for 1 h. The reaction mixture was poured into water (50 ml) andextracted with ethyl acetate (2×50 ml). The combined organic layer waswashed with brine (100 ml), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentratedunder reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purified by flashchromatography (1-5% MeOH in DCM) yielding(R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-methoxy-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzamide(0.29 mmol). LCMS: Method B, RT 2.97 min, MS: ES+ 326.27; ¹H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 8.56 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 1H), 8.21 (s, 1H), 7.98 (s, 1H),7.70 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.48-7.50 (m, 2H), 4.45-4.53 (m, 1H), 3.94 (s,3H), 3.88 (s, 3H), 3.63-3.67 (m, 1H), 3.54-3.60 (m, 1H), 3.43-3.49 (m,1H), 3.30-3.33 (m, 1H), 2.10-2.18 (m, 1H), 1.94-2.00 (m, 1H)

Example 32′-chloro-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-carboxamide

(Prepared According to General Method C)

Step a. To a solution of 4-bromobenzoic acid (4.97 mmol) in THF (20 ml)was added T3P (50% in EtOAc) (14.9 mmol) at 0° C. The reaction mixturewas stirred at 0° C. for 20 min. 3-Amino-1N—BOC-pyrrolidine (5.93 mmol)and DIPEA (14.96 mmol) were added to the reaction mixture at 0° C. Thereaction mixture was stirred at rt for 1.5 h. The resulting mixture waspoured into saturated NaHCO₃ solution (80 ml) and extracted with EtOAc(2×40 ml). The organic layer was washed with M HCl (40 ml), dried overNa₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The resultingmixture was purified by trituration using Et₂O:hexane (1:1) yieldingtert-butyl-3-(4-bromobenzamido) pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (1.90 mmol).MS: ES+ 369.13

Step b. To a solution oftert-butyl-3-(4-bromobenzamido)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (0.67 mmol) and2-chloro-phenylboronic acid (1.01 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane:water (5:1) (7.5ml) was added K₂CO₃ (2.03 mmol) at rt. The reaction mixture was purgedwith nitrogen for 30 min. Pd(PPh₃)₄ (0.03 mmol) was added to thereaction mixture under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction was heated to80° C. for 2 h.

The resulting mixture was poured into water (20 ml) and extracted withEtOAc (3×20 ml). The combined organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄,filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting residuewas purified by flash chromatography (0.5% MeOH in DCM) yieldingtert-butyl3-(2′-chloro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-carboxamido)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate(0.5 mmol). MS: ES+ 401.18, ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 8.65 (d,J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 7.94 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.65-7.58 (m, 2H), 7.53 (d, J=8.4Hz, 2H), 7.44 (dd, J=2, 5.6 Hz, 2H), 4.44-4.45 (m, 1H), 3.51-3.60 (m,1H), 3.16-3.30 (m, 1H), 2.08-2.10 (m, 2H), 1.92-1.93 (m, 2H), 1.41 (s,9H).

Steps c, d. The title compound was synthesised from the intermediateabove using a procedure similar to that described for Example 2. LCMS:Method B, RT 4.01 min, MS: ES+ 326.23; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm8.70 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 1H), 7.94 (d, J=8.00 Hz, 2H), 7.59-7.62 (m, 1H), 7.54(d, J=8.00 Hz, 2H), 7.42-7.46 (m, 3H), 4.49-4.53 (m, 1H), 3.60-3.68 (m,1H), 3.54-3.58 (m, 1H), 3.45-3.56 (m, 1H), 3.34-3.44 (m, 1H), 2.01-2.17(m, 1H), 1.95-2.01 (m, 1H)

Example 4 6-(benzyl(methyl)amino)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)nicotinamide

(Prepared According to General Method D)

Step a. To a solution of 6-fluoropyridine-3-carboxylic (5.32 mmol) inDCM (20 ml) was added HATU (15.9 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirredat 0° C. for 20 min. 3-Amino-1N—BOC-pyrrolidine (5.33 mmol) and DIPEA(15.96 mmol) were added to the reaction mixture at rt. The reactionmixture was stirred at rt for 16 h. The resulting mixture was pouredinto saturated NaHCO₃ solution (80 ml) and extracted with EtOAc (2×40ml). The organic layer was washed with 1M HCl (40 ml), dried overanhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. Theresulting mixture was purified by column chromatography (0 to 20% EtOAcin PE) yielding tert-butyl3-[(6-fluoropyridine-3-carbonyl)amino]pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (3.88mmol). MS: ES+ 310.10; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 8.75 (d, J=6.0Hz, 1H), 8.71 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.35-8.46 (m, 1H), 7.26-7.37 (m, 1H),4.34-4.51 (m, 1H), 3.49-3.63 (m, 1H), 3.33-3.43 (m, 2H), 3.16-3.27 (m,1H), 2.05-2.18 (m, 1H), 1.84-1.96 (m, 1H), 1.37-1.46 (m, 9H)

Step b. To a solution of tert-butyl3-[(6-fluoropyridine-3-carbonyl)amino]pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (0.2mmol) and N-methyl-1-phenyl-methanamine (0.24 mmol) in DMF (1 ml) wasadded Cs₂CO₃ (0.6 mmol) at rt. The reaction was heated to 120° C. for 16h. The resulting mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and theresidue was purified by prep-TLC (PE/EtOAc=1:2) yielding tert-butyl3-(6-(benzyl(methyl)amino)-nicotinamido)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate. MS:ES+ 411.2

Steps c, d. The title compound was synthesised from the intermediateabove using a procedure similar to that described for Example 2 toprovide the title compound (23.2 mg, 0.069 mmol). LCMS: Method F, RT2.39 min, MS: ES+ 336.2

Example 5 (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-phenylazetidine-1-carboxamide

(Prepared According to General Method E)

Step a. To a solution of (R)-3-amino-1N—BOC-pyrrolidine (1.34 mmol) inwater (5 ml) was added CDI (2.68 mmol) at 0° C. The reaction mixture wasstirred at 0° C. for 30 min. 3-phenylazetidine (1.61 mmol) was added tothe reaction mixture at 0° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for18 h. The resulting reaction mixture was poured into water (150 ml) andextracted with DCM (3×100 ml). The organic phase was collected, driedover Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. Theresulting residue was purified by flash chromatography (1.5% MeOH inDCM) yielding tert-butyl (R)-3-(3-phenylazetidine-1-carboxamido)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (0.60 mmol). MS: ES+ 346.1

Step b. To a solution of tert-butyl(R)-3-(3-phenylazetidine-1-carboxamido) pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (0.60mmol) in DCM (5 ml) was added TFA (3.0 mmol) at rt. The reaction mixturewas stirred at rt for 3 h. The resulting reaction mixture wasconcentrated under reduced pressure and azeotroped with DCM (3×10 ml).The resulting residue was purified by triturating with diethylether (5ml). The obtained material was dried under reduced pressure yielding(R)-3-phenyl-N-(pyrrolidin-3-yl)azetidine-1-carboxamide TFA salt (0.25mmol). This material was directly used for the next step without furtherpurification. MS: ES+ 246.53

Step c. To a solution of(R)-3-phenyl-N-(pyrrolidin-3-yl)azetidine-1-carboxamide TFA salt (0.25mmol) in DCM (5 ml) was added DIPEA (0.75 mmol) at 0° C. and stirred for10 min. Cyanogen bromide (0.37 mmol) was added to the reaction mixtureat 0° C. and stirred for a further 30 min. The resulting reactionmixture was poured into ice water (100 ml) and extracted with DCM (3×50ml). The organic phase was collected, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered andconcentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purifiedby flash chromatography (2.0% MeOH in DCM) yielding the title compound(0.08 mmol). LCMS: Method B, RT 3.26 min, MS: ES+ 271.38; ¹H NMR: (400MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 7.32-7.38 (m, 4H), 7.23-7.27 (m, 1H), 6.58 (d, J=6.4Hz, 1H), 4.13-4.21 (m, 3H), 3.74-3.81 (m, 3H), 3.47-3.54 (m, 2H),3.36-3.45 (m, 1H), 3.14-3.17 (m, 1H), 1.96-2.05 (m, 1H), 1.76-1.84 (m,1H).

Example 6N—((R)-1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-4-((cis)-2,6-dimethylmorpholino)-3-fluorobenzamide

(Prepared According to General Method F)

Step a. A mixture of methyl 4-bromo-3-fluorobenzoate (0.42 mmol),cis-2,6-dimethylmorpholine (0.42 mmol) and NaOtBu (0.42 mmol) in drytoluene (2 ml) was stirred at rt in a glass tube. The reaction mixturewas purged with nitrogen for 10 min. Xantphos (0.021 mmol) and Pd₂(dba)₃(0.009 mmol) were added to the reaction mixture and the glass tube wassealed. The resulting reaction mixture was heated at 110° C. (externaltemperature) for 1 h. Upon completion the reaction mixture was cooled tort and diluted with EtOAc (30 ml). The resulting reaction mixture waspoured into water (40 ml). The mixture was extracted with EtOAc (2×20ml). The combined organic layer was washed with brine (25 ml), driedover Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. Theresulting residue was purified by flash chromatography (50% EtOAc inhexane) yielding methyl4-((cis)-2,6-dimethylmorpholino)-3-fluorobenzoate (0.37 mmol). MS: ES+268.3.

Step b. To a solution of methyl4-((cis)-2,6-dimethylmorpholino)-3-fluorobenzoate (1.49 mmol) inTHF:water (1:1, 8 ml) was added LiOH (14.98 mmol) at rt. The reactionmixture was stirred at 50° C. for 4 h and then at rt for 15 h. Theresulting reaction mixture was adjusted to pH 4 using 1 M aqueous HClsolution and the mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3×100 ml). Thecombined organic phase was collected, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered andconcentrated under reduced pressure yielding4-((cis)-2,6-dimethylmorpholino)-3-fluorobenzoic acid (0.95 mmol). Thismaterial was directly used for the next step without furtherpurification. MS: ES+ 254.26.

Step c. To a solution of4-((cis)-2,6-dimethylmorpholino)-3-fluorobenzoic acid (0.95 mmol) in DMF(3 ml) was added HATU (1.42 mmol) at rt. The reaction mixture wasstirred at rt for 30 min. A solution of tert-butyl(R)-3-aminopyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (0.85 mmol) in DMF (1 ml) was addedto the reaction mixture at rt. DIPEA (2.85 mmol) was added to thereaction mixture at rt. The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at rtfor 2 h. The resulting reaction mixture was poured into water (150 ml)and extracted with EtOAc (3×100 ml). The combined organic phase wascollected, washed with saturated NaHCO₃ solution (100 ml), brine (100ml), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressureyielding tert-butyl(R)-3-(4-((cis)-2,6-dimethylmorpholino)-3-fluorobenzamido)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate(quantitative). This material was directly used for the next stepwithout further purification. MS: ES+ 422.4.

Steps d, e. The title compound was synthesised from the intermediateabove using a procedure similar to that described for Example 2 toprovide the title compound (0.25 mmol). LCMS: Method A, RT 3.87 min, MS:ES+ 346.98; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 8.48 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 1H),7.64-7.67 (m, 2H), 7.08 (t, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 4.43-4.47 (m, 1H), 3.71-3.75(m, 2H), 3.60-3.64 (m, 1H), 3.51-3.55 (m, 1H), 3.43-3.47 (m, 1H),3.27-3.38 (m, 3H), 2.39-2.45 (m, 2H), 2.11-2.15 (m, 1H), 1.90-1.95 (m,1H), 1.13 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 6H)

Compounds in Table 1 were synthesised using the general methods A-F asexemplified by Examples 1-6 using (rac)-tert-butyl3-aminopyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (CAS Number 186550-13-0).

TABLE 1 Synthetic LCMS LCMS Ex R1 Name Method Method RT (min) MS  7

N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin- 3-yl)-4-phenylthia- zole-2-carboxamide A B 3.87ES+ 299.2  8

3-(3-chlorophenyl)-N- (1-cyanopyrrolidin-3- yl)isoxazole-5-carbox- amideA B 3.95 ES+  317.23  9

N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin- 3-yl)-1-phenyl-1H- imidazole-4-carbox- amide A A3.25 ES+  282.15 10

N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin- 3-yl)-1-(2,4-difluoro- benzyl)-5-oxopyrrol-idine-3-carboxamide A A 3.27 ES+  348.99 11

N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin- 3-yl)-5-oxo-1-phenyl- pyrrolidine-3-carbox- amideA A 3.03 ES+  299.10 12

N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin- 3-yl)-4-(3,5-dimethyl- isoxazol-4-yl)benz- amide BA 3.51 ES+  311.00 13

3′-chloro-N-(1-cyano- pyrrolidin-3-yl)-[1,1′- biphenyl]-4-carbox- amideC A 4.58 ES+  325.92 14

N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin- 3-yl)-2′-methoxy-[1,1′- biphenyl]-4-carbox- amideC A 4.24 ES+  321.91 15

N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin- 3-yl)-4-phenoxybenz- amide A D 2.69 ES+ 308.2 16

2-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4- yl)-N-(1-cyanopyrrol- idin-3-yl)acetamide A D 2.96ES+ 306.1 17

N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin- 3-yl)-2-phenylquin- oline-4-carboxamide A D 2.80ES+ 343.1 18

6-(4-carbamoylpiperi- din-1-yl)-N-(1-cyano- pyrrolidin-3-yl)nico-tinamide D E 1.69 ES+ 343.2 19

N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin- 3-yl)-6-(4-(2,4-di- fluorophenyl)pipera-zin-1-yl)nicotinamide D D 2.52 ES+ 413.1 20

ethyl 4-(5-((1-cyano- pyrrolidin-3-yl)car- bamoyl)pyridin-2-yl)-piperazine-1-carbox- ylate D E 2.10 ES+ 373.3 21

N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin- 3-yl)-6-(2-(pyridin-3- yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)-nicotinamide D D 1.72 ES+ 363.1 22

N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin- 3-yl)-6-(4-phenoxy- piperidin-1-yl)nico- tinamideD D 2.42 ES+ 392.2 23

N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin- 3-yl)-6-(4-(pyridin-4- yl)piperidin-1-yl)-nicotinamide D F 1.82 ES+ 377.3 24

6-(benzyl(methyl)- amino)-N-(1-cyano- pyrrolidin-3-yl)- picolinamide D D2.87 ES+ 336.1 25

N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin- 3-yl)-6-(3,4-dihydro- isoquinolin-2(1H)-yl)picolinamide D D 2.95 ES+ 348.1 26

N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin- 3-yl)-6-(4-phenoxy- piperidin-1-yl)- picolinamideD D 3.06 ES+ 392.2 27

N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin- 3-yl)-2-(3,4-dihydro- isoquinolin-2(1H)-yl)-isonicotinamide D D 1.97 ES+ 348.2 28

2-(4-acetyl-1,4-dia- zepan-1-yl)-N-(1- cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)isonicotinamide D E 1.68 ES+ 357.3

Compounds in Table 2 were synthesised using the general methods A-F asexemplified by Examples 1-6 using (R)-tert-butyl3-aminopyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (CAS Number 147081-49-0).

TABLE 2 LCMS Synthetic LCMS RT Ex R1 Name Method Method (min) MS 29

(R)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-6- phenylpicolinamide A A 4.22 ES+ 292.9030

(R)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-4- phenylpicolinamide A B 3.65 ES+ 293.1631

(R)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-4- morpholinobenzamide A B 2.85 ES+302.32 32

(R)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3- fluoro-4-morpholinobenzamide A B 3.03ES+ 319.52 33

(R)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3- phenylisoxazole-5-carboxamide A B 3.50ES+ 283.20 34

(R)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-5- (pyridin-4-yl)isoxazole-3- carboxamideA B 2.42 ES+ 284.20 35

(R)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)- [1,1′-biphenyl]-4-carboxamide A A 4.20ES+ 291.94 36

(R)-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(1- cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)nicotinamide B A 4.19ES+ 327.05 37

(R)-2-(2-chlorophenyl)-N-(1- cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)thiazole-5-carboxamide B B 3.81 ES+ 333.13 38

(R)-4-(3-chloropyridin-4-yl)-N- (1-cyanopyrrolidin-3- yl)benzamide B B3.22 ES+ 327.20 39

(R)-4-(3-chloropyridin-4-yl)-N- (1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-methoxybenzamide B B 3.28 ES+ 357.27 40

(R)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3- methoxy-4-(2-methylpyridin-4-yl)benzamide B B 2.43 ES+ 337.27 41

(R)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3- methoxy-4-(2-morpholinopyridin-4-yl)benzamide B B 2.60 ES+ 408.36 42

(R)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-4- fluoro-3-(pyridin-4-yl)benzamide B A3.36 ES+ 311.00 43

(R)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-4- fluoro-3-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzamide B B 3.07 ES+ 314.26 44

(R)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-4- (1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4- yl)benzamide BB 2.79 ES+ 296.17 45

(R)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-5- (1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyrimidine-2-carboxamide C A 3.01 ES+ 298.00 46

N-((R)-1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3- phenylpyrrolidine-1-carboxamide E A3.67 ES+ 285.04 76

(R)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3- fluoro-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzamide B B 3.12 ES+ 314.31 77

(R)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2- fluoro-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzamide C B 3.06 ES+ 314.26 78

(R)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)- 2,5-difluoro-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzamide C A 3.35 ES+ 332.01 79

(R)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-4- (1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-3-fluorobenzamide C A 3.27 ES+ 328.02 80

(R)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-4- (1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-2-fluorobenzamide C B 3.19 ES+ 328.54 81

(R)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-4- (1-ethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-2-fluorobenzamide C B 3.33 ES+ 328.64 82

(R)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2- fluoro-4-(1-(2-methoxyethyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzamide C A 3.23 ES+ 358.03 83

(R)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-6- (1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-carboxamide C B 3.02 ES+ 336.64 84

(R)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-6- (1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide C A 3.37 ES+ 335.0  85

(R)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2- fluoro-4-(5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzamide C A 3.42 ES+ 368.01 86

(R)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2- fluoro-4-(1-methyl-1H-indazol-5-yl)benzamide C A 3.82 ES+ 364.08

Compounds in Table 3 were synthesised using the general methods A-F asexemplified by Examples 1-6 using (S)-tert-butyl3-aminopyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (CAS Number 147081-44-5).

TABLE 3 Synthetic LCMS LCMS Ex R1 Name Method Method RT (min) MS 47

(S)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-4- (pyridin-4-yl)benzamide A A 3.01 ES+293.00 48

(S)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-6- phenylpicolinamide A A 4.25 ES+ 292.96

Compounds in Table 4 were synthesised using the general methods A-F asexemplified by Examples 1-6 using (R)-tert-butyl3-(methylamino)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (CAS Number 199336-83-9).

TABLE 4 Synthetic LCMS LCMS Ex R1 Name Method Method RT (min) MS 49

(R)-4-(3-chloropyridin-4-yl)-N- (1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-N-methylbenzamide B B 3.283 ES+ 341.20 50

(R)-1-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3- (imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl)-1-methylurea E B 2.19 ES+ 285.24 87

(R)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3- fluoro-N-methyl-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzamide B B 3.22 ES+ 328.44 88

(R)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-N- methyl-6-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2- carboxamide C A 2.97 ES+ 349.97 262

(R)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-6- (3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)-N-methyl-1H-indole-2-carboxamide C A 3.98 ES+ 364.21 263

(R)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-N- methyl-5-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2- carboxamide C B 2.55 ES+ 350.25 264

N-((R)-1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-N- methyl-2-phenylmorpholine-4-carboxamide E B 3.70 ES+ 315.51 265

(R)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-N- methylindoline-1-carboxamide E A 3.85ES+ 271.08 266

(R)-1-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-1- methyl-3-(6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)urea E A 3.61 ES+ 313.93 267

(R)-3-(5-chloropyridin-2-yl)-1-(1- cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-1- methylurea EA 3.57 ES+ 279.95

Compounds in Table 5 were synthesised using the general methods A-F asexemplified by Examples 1-6 using tert-butylrac-(3aR,6aR)-hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-5(1H)-carboxylate (CASNumber 180975-51-3).

TABLE 5 Synthetic LCMS LCMS Ex R1 Name Method Method RT (min) MS 51

rac-(3ar,6aR)-1-([1,1′-biphenyl]- 3-carbonyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-5(1H)-carbonitrile A B 3.94 ES+ 318.27 52

rac-(3aR,6aR)-1-(3-phenyl-1H- pyrazole-5- carbonyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-5(1H)-carbonitrile A B 3.30 ES+ 308.27 53

rac-(3aR,6aR)-1-(3- phenylisoxazole-5- carbonyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-5(1H)-carbonitrile A A 3.99 ES+ 308.99 54

rac-(3aR,6aR)-1-(1-phenyl-1H- imidazole-4-carbonyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4- b]pyrrole-5(1H)-carbonitrile A A 3.32 ES+308.00 55

rac-(3aR,6aR)-1-(3-(4- methoxyphenyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carbonyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4- b]pyrrole-5(1H)-carbonitrile A A 3.59 ES+337.93 56

rac-(3aR,6aR)-1-(3-(4- methoxyphenyl)isoxazole-5-carbonyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4- b]pyrrole-5(1H)-carbonitrile A A 4.02 ES+338.93 57

rac-(3aR,6aR)-1-(4-fluoro-3- (pyridin-4-yl)benzoyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4- b]pyrrole-5(1H)-carbonitrile B A 3.34ES+ 337.00 58

rac-(3aR,6aR)-1-(4-fluoro-3-(1- methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzoyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4- b]pyrrole-5(1H)-carbonitrile B B 3.17ES+ 340.00 59

rac-(3aR,6aR)-1-(4-(3- chloropyridin-4-yl)-3-methoxybenzoyl)hexahydropyrrolo [3,4-b]pyrrole-5(1H)-carbonitrile B B3.41 ES+ 383.28 60

rac-(3aR,6aR)-1-(3-methoxy-4-(1- methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzoyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4- b]pyrrole-5(1H)-carbonitrile B A 3.24ES+ 351.97 61

(3aR,6aR)-1-(2-oxo-6-phenyl-1,2- dihydropyridine-3-carbonyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4- b]pyrrole-5(1H)-carbonitrile A E 1.88 ES+335.20 268

(3aR,6aR)-1-(3-chloro-4- morpholinobenzoyl)hexahydropyr-rolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-5(1H)- carbonitrile A A 3.64 ES+ 361.02 269

(3aR,6aR)-1-(indoline-1- carbonyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-5(1H)-carbonitrile E A 3.75 ES+ 383.12

Example 62(R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-(N-methylisobutyramido)benzamide

Step a. To a solution of methyl 3-aminobenzoate (3.31 mmol) in DCM (10ml) was added TEA (9.93 mmol) at rt and the reaction mixture was stirredat rt for 30 min. Isobutyryl chloride (4.96 mmol) was added to thereaction mixture at 0° C. The reaction mixture was then stirred at rtfor 1 h. The resulting reaction mixture was poured into water (100 ml)and extracted with DCM (2×50 ml). The combined organic phase wascollected, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reducedpressure yielding methyl 3-isobutyramidobenzoate (quantitative). Thismaterial was directly used for the next step without furtherpurification. MS: ES+ 222.2.

Step b. To a solution of methyl 3-isobutyramidobenzoate (1.80 mmol) inTHF (10 ml) was added NaH (60% mineral oil, 3.61 mmol) at 0° C. Thereaction mixture was stirred at rt for 30 min. Methyl iodide (3.61 mmol)was added to the reaction mixture at rt. The reaction mixture wasstirred at rt for 2 h. The resulting reaction mixture was poured intoice cold water (50 ml) and extracted with EtOAc (3×20 ml). The combinedorganic phase was collected, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered andconcentrated under reduced pressure yielding methyl 3-(Nmethylisobutyramido) benzoate (1.65 mmol). This material was directlyused for the next step without further purification. MS: ES+ 236.6.

Step c. To a solution of 3-(N methylisobutyramido) benzoate (1.61 mmol)in THF:water (10:2, 12 ml) was added LiOH.H₂O (4.85 mmol) at 0° C. Thereaction mixture was stirred at rt for 5 h. The resulting reactionmixture was adjusted to pH 3 by slow addition of aqueous citric acidsolution. The resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3×20 ml). Thecombined organic phase was collected, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered andconcentrated under reduced pressure yielding3-(N-methylisobutyramido)benzoic acid (1.44 mmol). This material wasdirectly used for the next step without further purification. MS: ES+222.2

Step d. To a solution of 3-(N-methylisobutyramido)benzoic acid (1.26mmol) in THF (15 ml) was added HATU (1.90 mmol) and DIPEA (2.53 mmol) at0° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 30 min.(R)-3-Amino-1N—BOC-pyrrolidine (1.52 mmol) was added to the reactionmixture at rt and stirred for 2 h. The resulting reaction mixture waspoured into water (100 ml) and extracted with EtOAc (2×50 ml). Thecombined organic phase was collected, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered andconcentrated under reduced pressure, yielding tert-butyl(R)-3-(3-(N-methylisobutyramido)benzamido)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate(quantitative). This material was directly used for the next stepwithout further purification. MS: ES− 388.6.

Step e. To a solution of tert-butyl(R)-3-(3-(N-methylisobutyramido)benzamido)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate(1.02 mmol) in DCM (15 ml) was added TFA (4 ml) at 0° C. The reactionmixture was stirred at rt for 1 h. The resulting reaction mixture wasconcentrated under reduced pressure yielding(R)-3-(N-methylisobutyramido)-N-(pyrrolidin-3-yl) benzamide TFA salt(0.99 mmol). This material was used directly for the next step withoutfurther purification. MS: ES+ 290.4.

Step f. To a solution of(R)-3-(N-methylisobutyramido)-N-(pyrrolidin-3-yl) benzamide TFA salt(0.99 mmol) in THF (15 ml) was added K2CO₃ (3.97 mmol) at rt. Thereaction mixture was stirred at rt for 15 min. Cyanogen bromide (1.48mmol) was added to the reaction mixture at 0° C. The reaction mixturewas stirred at rt for 30 min. The resulting reaction mixture was pouredinto water (100 ml) and extracted with EtOAc (2×50 ml). The combinedorganic phase was collected, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered andconcentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purifiedby column chromatography (77% EtOAc in hexane) yielding the titlecompound (0.28 mmol). LCMS: Method B, RT 3.15 min, MS: ES+ 315.1; ¹H NMR(400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 8.64 (d, J=6 Hz, 1H), 7.81-7.86 (m, 2H),7.53-7.57 (m, 2H), 4.46-4.49 (m, 1H), 3.63-3.67 (m, 1H), 3.52-3.58 (m,1H), 3.42-3.48 (m, 2H), 3.17 (s, 3H), 2.33-2.39 (m, 1H), 2.09-2.18 (m,1H), 1.93-1.98 (m, 1H), 0.88-1.0 (m, 6H)

Example 63(R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-5-phenylpyrimidine-2-carboxamide

Step a. To a solution of 5-bromopyrimidine-2-carboxylic acid (1.47 mmol)in 1,4-dioxane:water (3:1, 7 ml) was added phenylboronic acid (2.19mmol) and Na₂CO₃ (2.79 mmol) at rt in a glass tube. The reaction mixtureand purged with nitrogen for 10 min. Pd(PPh₃)₄ (0.14 mol) was added tothe reaction mixture under nitrogen atmosphere and the glass tube wassealed. The reaction mixture was heated at 100° C. (externaltemperature) for 2 h. The resulting reaction mixture was poured into 1MNaOH solution (50 ml) and washed with diethyl ether (50 ml). Theresulting aqueous layer containing the product was acidified with 1 MHCl and extracted with EtOAc (3×20 ml). The combined organic phase wasdried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressureyielding 5-phenylpyrimidine-2-carboxylic acid (1.25 mmol). MS: ES+201.02, ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 13.62 (s, 1H), 9.30 (s, 2H),7.89-7.91 (m, 2H), 7.51-7.60 (m, 3H).

Step b. To a solution of 5-phenylpyrimidine-2-carboxylic acid (0.60mmol) in DCM (5 ml) was added HATU (0.90 mmol), TEA (1.20 mmol) andtert-butyl (R)-3-aminopyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (0.60 mmol) at rt. Thereaction mixture was stirred at rt for 16 h. The resulting reactionmixture was poured into water (50 ml) and extracted with EtOAc (3×20ml). The combined organic phase was collected, dried over Na₂SO₄,filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure yielding tert-butyl(R)-3-(5-phenylpyrimidine-2-carboxamido)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (0.35mmol). This material was directly used for the next step without furtherpurification. MS: ES+ 369.40.

Step c. To a solution of tert-butyl(R)-3-(5-phenylpyrimidine-2-carboxamido) pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (0.33mmol) in DCM (5 ml) was added TFA (0.5 ml) at 0° C. The reaction mixturewas stirred at rt for 6 h. The resulting reaction mixture wasconcentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting crude material wastriturated with diethyl ether (5 ml) yielding(R)-5-phenyl-N-(pyrrolidin-3-yl) pyrimidine-2-carboxamide TFA salt (0.30mmol). This material was used directly for the next step without furtherpurification. MS: ES+ 269.30.

Step d. To a solution of (R)-5-phenyl-N-(pyrrolidin-3-yl)pyrimidine-2-carboxamide TFA salt (0.27 mmol) in DCM (5 ml) was addedK₂CO₃ (0.54 mmol) at 0° C. Cyanogen bromide (0.40 mmol) was added to thereaction mixture at 0° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 2h. The resulting reaction mixture was poured into water (50 ml) andextracted with DCM (3×20 ml). The combined organic phase was collected,dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. Theobtained residue was triturated with diethyl ether (10 ml) yieldingtitle compound (0.15 mmol). LCMS: Method A, RT 3.34 min, MS: ES+ 294.10;¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 9.29 (s, 2H), 9.22 (d, J=7.20 Hz, 1H),7.89-7.91 (m, 2H), 7.51-7.61 (m, 3H), 4.52-4.57 (m, 1H), 3.60-3.67 (m,1H), 3.54-3.58 (m, 1H), 3.51-3.53 (m, 1H), 3.40-3.45 (m, 1H), 2.12-2.19(m, 1H), 1.99-2.08 (m, 1H)

Example 64(R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-(pyridin-4-yl)isoxazole-5-carboxamide

Step a. To a solution of 4-pyridine carboxaldehyde (28.04 mmol) in MeOH(30 ml) was added NH₂OH.HCl (55.94 mmol) at rt. The reaction mixture washeated at 60° C. for 30 min. Precipitation was observed in the reactionmixture. The obtained precipitates were collected by filtration anddried under reduced pressure to yield isonicotinaldehyde oxime (23.77mmol). This material was used directly for the next step without furtherpurification. MS: ES+ 122.8; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 12.78 (s,1H), 8.89 (d, J=6.40 Hz, 2H), 8.42 (s, 1H), 8.14 (d, J=6.80 Hz, 2H)

Step b. To a solution of isonicotinaldehyde oxime (22.95 mmol) in DMF(30 ml) was added NCS (34.36 mmol) at rt and stirred for 1 h. Thereaction mixture was cooled to 0° C. and a solution of methyl propiolate(21.90 mmol) in DCM (5 ml) was added to the reaction mixture at 0° C.all at once. TEA (43.56 mmol) was added dropwise to the reaction mixtureat 0° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 3 h. The resultingreaction mixture was poured into water (100 ml) and extracted with EtOAc(3×30 ml). The combined organic phase was collected, dried over Na₂SO₄,filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting residuewas purified by flash chromatography (26% EtOAc in hexane) yieldingmethyl 3-(pyridin-4-yl) isoxazole-5-carboxylate (2.45 mmol). MS: ES+205.19.

Step c. To a solution of methyl 3-(pyridin-4-yl) isoxazole-5-carboxylate(1.96 mmol) in THF (5 ml) was added TBD (3.79 mmol) at rt. Tert-butyl(R)-3-aminopyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (1.96 mmol) was added to thereaction mixture. The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 3 h. Theresulting reaction mixture was poured into water (100 ml) and extractedwith EtOAc (3×30 ml). The combined organic phase was collected, driedover Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. Theresulting residue was purified by flash chromatography (2% MeOH in DCM)yielding the tert-butyl (R)-3-(3-(pyridin-4-yl)isoxazole-5-carboxamido)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (0.33 mmol). MS: ES+ 358.90.

Step d. To a solution of tert-butyl (R)-3-(3-(pyridin-4-yl)isoxazole-5-carboxamido) pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (0.31 mmol) in DCM (2ml) was added TFA (0.8 ml) at 0° C. The reaction mixture was stirred atrt for 1 h. The resulting reaction mixture was concentrated underreduced pressure. The resulting crude material was triturated withdiethyl ether (5 ml) yielding (R)-3-(pyridin-4-yl)-N-(pyrrolidin-3-yl)isoxazole-5-carboxamide TFA salt (0.20 mmol). This material was useddirectly for the next step without further purification. MS: ES+ 259.20

Step e. To a solution of (R)-3-(pyridin-4-yl)-N-(pyrrolidin-3-yl)isoxazole-5-carboxamide TFA salt (0.18 mmol) in DCM (2 ml) was addedK₂CO₃ (0.55 mmol) at 0° C. Cyanogen bromide (0.27 mmol) was added to thereaction mixture at 0° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 2h. The resulting reaction mixture was poured into water (50 ml) andextracted with DCM (3×20 ml). The combined organic phase was collected,dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. Theresulting residue was purified by flash chromatography (2% MeOH in DCM)yielding the title compound (0.07 mmol). LCMS: Method A, RT 2.90 min,MS: ES+ 283.90; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 9.37 (d, J=6.80 Hz, 1H),8.77 (dd, J=4.80, 1.60 Hz, 2H), 7.92 (dd, J=4.40, 1.60 Hz, 2H), 7.82 (s,1H), 4.48-4.52 (m, 1H), 3.63-3.67 (m, 1H), 3.53-3.59 (m, 1H), 3.44-3.49(m, 1H), 3.34-3.38 (m, 1H), 2.11-2.17 (m, 1H), 1.96-2.02 (m, 1H)

Compounds in Table 6 were synthesised using a procedure similar to thatdescribed for Example 64.

TABLE 6 LCMS LCMS Ex R1 Name ¹H NMR: (400 MHz) δ ppm Method RT (min) MS65

(R)-N-(1- cyanopyrrolidin- 3-yl)-3-(pyridin- 3-yl)isoxazole-5-carboxamide DMSO-d₆ 9.36 (d, J = 6.80 Hz, 1 H), 9.14 (s, 1 H), 8.73-8.74(m, 1 H), 8.32-8.35 (m, 1 H), 7.79 (s, 1 H), 7.58-7.61 (m, 1 H), 4.48-4.52 (m, 1 H), 3.63-3.67 (m, 1 B 2.57 ES+ 284.2 H), 3.53-3.59 (m, 1 H),3.44- 3.49 (m, 1 H), 3.35-3.37 (m, 1 H), 2.10-2.19 (m, 1 H), 1.94- 2.02(m, 1 H) 66

(R)-N-(1- cyanopyrrolidin- 3-yl)-3-(pyridin- 2-yl)isoxazole-5-carboxamide DMSO-d₆ 9.26 (d, J = 6.40 Hz, 1 H), 8.75-8.76 (m, 1 H),7.98- 8.10 (m, 2 H), 7.68 (s, 1 H), 7.56- 7.59 (m, 1 H), 4.47-4.51 (m, 1H), 3.63-3.68 (m, 1 H), 3.53- B 2.90 ES+ 283.9 3.59 (m, 1 H), 3.44-3.50(m, 1 H), 3.35-3.37 (m, 1 H), 2.10- 2.19 (m, 1 H), 1.94-2.01 (m, 1 H)270

(R)-N-(1- cyanopyrrolidin- 3-yl)-3-(2- methylpyridin-4- yl)isoxazole-5-carboxamide MeOD 8.58 (d, J = 5.2 Hz, 1 H), 7.84 (s, 1 H), 7.75 (d, J =5.2 Hz, 1 H), 7.56 (s, 1 H), 4.62-4.65 (m, 1 H), 3.75-3.79 (m, 1 H),3.63- 3.69 (m, 1 H), 3.54-3.59 (m, 2 H), 3.44-3.48 (m, 1 H), 2.64 (s, 3A 3.04 ES+ 297.89 H), 2.29-2.34 (m, 1 H), 2.09- 2.14 (m, 1 H) 271

(R)-N-(1- cyanopyrrolidin- 3-yl)-3-(3,4- dimethylphenyl(iso- xazole-5-carboxamide DMSO-d₆ 9.27 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.72 (s, 1 H), 7.63-7.65(m, 2 H), 7.30 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1 H), 4.45- 4.52 (m, 1 H), 3.62-3.66 (m,1 H), 3.52-3.58 (m, 1 H), 3.43- 3.51 (m, 1 H), 3.30-3.32 (m, 1 A 4.43ES+ 310.99 H), 2.29 (s, 3 H), 2.28 (s, 3 H), 2.09-2.18 (m, 1 H),1.93-2.01 (m, 1 H) 272

(R)-N-(1- cyanopyrrolidin- 3-yl)-3-(2,4- difluorophenyl)iso- xazole-5-carboxamide MeOD 8.06 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 1 H), 7.41 (d, J = 2.8 Hz, 1 H),7.15- 7.24 (m, 2 H), 4.63-4.65 (m, 1 H), 3.74-3.78 (m, 1 H), 3.63- 3.66(m, 1 H), 3.53-3.59 (m, 1 H), 3.44-3.47 (m, 1 H), 2.28-2.33 (m, 1 H),2.11-2.14 (m, 1 H) A 4.01 ES+ 318.97

Example 273(R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-N-methyl-3-(2-methylpyridin-4-yl)isoxazole-5-carboxamide

Synthesised using a procedure similar to that described for Example 64.LCMS: Method A, RT 3.22 min, MS: ES+ 311.99; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, MeOD) δppm: 8.58 (d, 1-5.2 Hz, 1H), 7.86 (s, 1H), 7.77 (d, J=5.2 Hz, 1H),7.45-7.48 (m, 1H), 3.68-3.74 (m, 3H), 3.53-3.59 (m, 2H), 3.22 (s, 3H),3.65 (s, 3H), 2.26-2.33 (m, 2H).

Example 67(R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-5-phenylpyridazine-3-carboxamide

Step a. A solution of 5-chloropyridazin-3(2H)-one (9.96 mmol) andphenylboronic acid (11.95 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (10 ml) was taken in aglass tube. Na₂CO₃ (19.92 mmol) was added to the reaction mixture at rtas a 2M aqueous solution. The reaction mixture was purged with nitrogenfor 10 min. Pd(dppf)Cl₂ (4.98 mmol) was added to the reaction mixture atrt. The glass tube was tightly sealed and heated at 110° C. (externaltemperature) for 24 h. The resulting mixture was filtered through celitehyflow and washed with EtOAc (3×50 ml). Water (2×50 ml) was added to thefiltrate. The organic layer phase was separated and washed with brine(100 ml), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reducedpressure. The resulting residue was purified by flash chromatography(27% EtOAc in hexane) yielding 5-phenylpyridazin-3(2H)-one (6.25 mmol).MS: ES+ 172.79; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 13.14 (s, 1H), 8.31 (d,J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.81-7.84 (m, 2H), 7.53-7.54 (m, 3H), 7.14 (d, J=2.4 Hz,1H)

Step b. POCl₃ (22 ml) was added very slowly to a 100 ml round bottomedflask containing 5-phenylpyridazin-3(2H))-one (12.19 mmol) at rt. Thereaction mixture was heated at 90° C. for 1 h. The resulting reactionmixture was carefully poured into ice cooled water (50 ml), basifiedusing solid NaHCO₃ (pH adjusted 8 to 9) and extracted with EtOAc (3×100ml). The combined organic phase was washed with brine (100 ml), driedover Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. Theresulting residue was triturated with hexane (3×20 ml) and dried toyield 3-chloro-5-phenylpyridazine (12.06 mmol). This material wasdirectly used for the next step without further purification. MS: ES+192.1.

Step c. A solution of 3-chloro-5-phenylpyridazine (2.63 mmol) inMeOH:DMF (1:1, 10 ml) was taken in a 25 ml glass tube at rt. TEA (3.95mmol) was added to the reaction mixture at rt and stirred for 5 min. Thereaction mixture was treated with dppf (0.26 mmol) and purged withnitrogen for 10 min. The resulting reaction mixture was transferred toan autoclave under nitrogen atmosphere. Pd(OAc)₂ (0.13 mmol) was addedto the reaction mixture at rt under nitrogen atmosphere. The reactionmixture was stirred in an autoclave under 10 psi CO₂ pressure at 70° C.for 18 h. The resulting reaction mixture was carefully filtered throughcelite hyflow and washed with EtOAc (2×50 ml). Water (2×50 ml) was addedto the filtrate. The organic phase was separated, dried over Na₂SO₄,filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting residuewas purified by flash chromatography (40% EtOAc in hexane) yieldingmethyl 5-phenylpyridazine-3-carboxylate (0.65 mmol). MS: ES+ 215.18; ¹HNMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 9.86 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 8.44 (d, J=2.4 Hz,1H), 7.99-8.04 (m, 2H), 7.57-7.64 (m, 3H), 4.00 (s, 3H)

Step d. To a solution of methyl 5-phenylpyridazine-3-carboxylate (0.51mmol) in THF (4 ml) was added TBD (0.77 mmol) at rt. A solution of(R)-3-amino-1N—BOC-pyrrolidine (0.51 mmol) in THF (1 ml) was addeddropwise to the reaction mixture at rt. The reaction mixture was heatedat 70° C. for 12 h. The resulting reaction mixture was poured into water(50 ml), extracted with EtOAc (2×30 ml). The combined organic phase waswashed with brine (50 ml), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentratedunder reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purified by flashchromatography (30% EtOAc in hexane) yielding tert-butyl3-(5-phenylpyridazine-3-carboxamido)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (0.19mmol). MS: ES+ 369.19.

Steps e, f. The title compound was synthesised from the intermediateabove using a procedure similar to that described for steps d, e ofExample 64. LCMS: Method B, RT 3.25 min, MS: ES+ 294.27; ¹H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 9.85 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 9.62 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 8.41(d, J=2 Hz, 1H), 8.00-8.07 (m, 2H), 7.56-7.61 (m, 3H), 4.60-4.65 (m,1H), 3.57-3.69 (m, 2H), 3.45-3.50 (m, 2H), 2.07-2.21 (m, 2H)

Example 68N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-N-methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-carboxamide

Step a. To a solution of 4-phenylbenzoic acid (2.52 mmol) in THF (12.5ml) was added T3P (50% in EtOAc) (7.56 mmol) at 0° C. The reactionmixture was stirred at 0° C. for 20 min. Tert-butyl3-aminopyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (2.52 mmol) and DIPEA (7.56 mmol) wereadded to the reaction mixture at rt. The reaction mixture was stirred atrt for 16 h. The resulting reaction mixture was poured into water (50ml) and extracted with EtOAc (3×30 ml). The combined organic layer waswashed with 1 M HCl (30 ml), aqueous NaHCO₃ solution (30 ml), brine (50ml), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reducedpressure. The resulting mixture was purified by column chromatography(25% EtOAc in hexane) yielding tert-butyl3-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-carboxamido)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (1.03 mmol)MS: ES+ 367.28.

Step b. To a solution of tert-butyl3-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-carboxamido)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (0.96 mmol)in DMF (9 ml) was added NaH (60% mineral oil, 1.95 mmol) at 0° C. Thereaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 15 min. Methyl iodide (1.45mmol) was added to the reaction mixture at 0° C. The reaction mixturewas stirred at rt for 10 min. The resulting reaction mixture was pouredinto water (100 ml) and extracted with EtOAc (3×30 ml). The combinedorganic layer was washed with brine (50 ml), dried over Na₂SO₄, filteredand concentrated under reduced pressure yielding tert-butyl3-(N-methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-carboxamido)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate(1.18 mmol) MS: ES+ 381.4

Steps c, d. The title compound was synthesised from the intermediateabove using a procedure similar to that described for steps b, c ofExample 1. LCMS: Method A, RT 4.27 min, MS: ES+ 305.94; ¹H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 7.63-7.68 (m, 2H), 7.61-7.62 (m, 2H), 7.47-7.51 (m, 4H),7.40-7.43 (m, 1H), 5.13 (br s, 1H), 3.63-3.68 (m, 2H), 3.45-3.48 (m,2H), 3.03 (s, 3H), 2.13-2.21 (m, 2H)

Example 69N-((3R,4S)-1-cyano-4-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-5-phenylthiazole-2-carboxamideExample 70N-((3S,4R)-1-cyano-4-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-5-phenylthiazole-2-carboxamide

Step a. A solution of ethyl crotonate (17.5 mmol) andN-benzyl-O-ethyl-N-((trimethylsilyl)methyl) hydroxyl amine (19.2 mmol)in toluene (40 ml) was stirred at rt for 5 min. TFA (17.5 mmol) wasadded dropwise to the reaction mixture at rt. The reaction mixture wasthen heated at 50° C. for 16 h. The resulting reaction mixture waspoured into water (100 ml) and basified with solid NaHCO₃. The resultingmixture was extracted with EtOAc (2×180 ml). The combined organic phasewas collected, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated underreduced pressure. The resulting residue was purified by columnchromatography (0-9% EtOAc in hexane) yieldingethyl-(±)-trans-1-benzyl-4-methylpyrrolidine-3-carboxylate (9.0 mmol).MS: ES+ 248.33; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ ppm 7.24-7.36 (m, 5H), 4.13(q, J=8.0, 5.2 Hz 2H), 3.67 (d, J=12.8 Hz, 1H), 3.58 (d, J=13.2 Hz, 1H),2.77-2.91 (m, 3H), 2.47-2.59 (m, 2H), 2.21-2.26 (m, 1H), 1.27 (t, J=7.2Hz, 3H), 1.16 (d, J=6.71 Hz, 3H).

Step b. To a solution ofethyl-(±)-trans-1-benzyl-4-methylpyrrolidine-3-carboxylate (10 mmol) inEtOH (30 ml) were added polymethyl hydrosiloxane (1.0 w/w), 20% Pd(OH)₂on carbon (0.5 w/w) and BOC anhydride (20 mmol) at 0° C. The reactionmixture was stirred at rt for 1.5 h. The resulting reaction mixture wascarefully filtered through celite hyflow and the filtrate wasconcentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purifiedby column chromatography (0-10% EtOAc in hexane) yielding 1-tert-butyl3-ethyl (±)-4-methylpyrrolidine-1,3-dicarboxylate (8.5 mmol). MS: ES+202.2 (M-tBu)

Step c. A solution of 1-tert-butyl 3-ethyl(±)-4-methylpyrrolidine-1,3-dicarboxylate (8.5 mmol) in THF (15 ml) wasstirred at 0° C. for 5 min. A solution of NaOH (34.0 mmol) in water (15ml) was added dropwise to the reaction mixture at 0° C. The reactionmixture was stirred at rt for 16 h. The resulting reaction mixture waspoured into water (200 ml) and acidified to pH 4.0 with dilute HCl. Theobtained mixture was extracted with EtOAc (2×150 ml). The combinedorganic phase was collected, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered andconcentrated under reduced pressure yielding1-[(tert-butoxy)carbonyl]-(±)-trans-4-methylpyrrolidine-3-carboxylicacid (7.1 mmol). This material was used directly for the next stepwithout further purification. MS: ES− 228.28; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆)δ ppm 12.51 (br s, 1H), 3.47-3.56 (m, 2H), 3.28-3.34 (m, 1H), 2.78-2.86(m, 1H), 2.58-2.64 (m, 1H), 2.27-2.34 (m, 1H), 1.38 (s, 9H), 1.04 (d,J=4.8 Hz, 3H).

Step d. To a solution of1-[(tert-butoxy)carbonyl]-(±)-trans-4-methylpyrrolidine-3-carboxylicacid (2.62 mmol) in toluene (7 ml) were added DIPEA (5.24 mmol) anddiphenyl phosphorylazide (3.93 mmol) dropwise at 0° C. The reactionmixture was heated at 80° C. for 3 h. The resulting reaction mixture wascooled to rt followed by addition of 8M NaOH (2 ml). The reactionmixture was further heated at 80° C. for 30 minutes. The resultingreaction mixture was poured into water (70 ml) and extracted withdiethyl ether (2×70 ml) to remove non polar impurities. The resultingaqueous layer was further extracted with DCM (3×70 ml). The combined DCMorganic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and evaporated under reducedpressure to yield1-[(tert-butoxy)carbonyl]-(±)-trans-3-amino-4-methylpyrrolidine (1.17mmol, quantitative). This material was used directly for the next stepwithout further purification. MS: ES+ 145.09 (M-tBu).

Steps e, f, g. The title compound was synthesised as a racemic mixturefrom the intermediate above using a procedure similar to that describedfor steps a, b, c of Example 1.

Step h. The enantiomers were separated by preparative chiral HPLC;mobile phase: (A) 0.1% TFA in hexane (B) 0.1% TFA in EtOH, column:Chiralpak IB, 250×4.6 mm, 5 m, flow rate: 1 ml/min.

Example 69N-((3R,4S)-1-cyano-4-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-5-phenylthiazole-2-carboxamide

LCMS: Method B, RT 3.78 min, MS: ES+ 313.22; Chiral HPLC: Method Y, RT12.90 min; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 8.82 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 8.49(s, 1H), 7.99-8.016 (m, 2H), 7.52-7.55 (m, 3H), 4.11-4.15 (m, 1H),3.73-3.77 (m, 1H), 3.66-3.70 (m, 1H), 3.25-3.29 (m, 1H), 3.09-3.13 (m,1H), 2.26-2.33 (m, 1H), 1.02 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 3H).

Example 70N-((3S,4R)-1-cyano-4-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-5-phenylthiazole-2-carboxamide

LCMS: Method B, RT 3.78 min, MS: ES+ 313.22; Chiral HPLC: Method Y, RT15.61 min; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 8.82 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 8.49(s, 1H), 7.99-8.016 (m, 2H), 7.52-7.55 (m, 3H), 4.11-4.15 (m, 1H),3.73-3.77 (m, 1H), 3.66-3.70 (m, 1H), 3.25-3.29 (m, 1H), 3.09-3.13 (m,1H), 2.26-2.33 (m, 1H), 1.02 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 3H).

Example 71N-((3R,4S)-1-cyano-4-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-phenylthiazole-5-carboxamideExample 72N-((3S,4R)-1-cyano-4-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-phenylthiazole-5-carboxamide

The title compounds were synthesised as a racemic mixture from theintermediate above using a procedure similar to that described forExamples 69/70 and the enantiomers were separated by preparative chiralHPLC; mobile phase: (A) 0.1% TFA in hexane (B) 0.1% TFA in IPA, column:Chiralpak IB, 250×4.6 mm, 5 m, flow rate: 1 ml/min.

Example 71N-((3R,4S)-1-cyano-4-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-phenylthiazole-5-carboxamide

LCMS: Method B, RT 4.21 min, MS: ES+ 312.96; Chiral HPLC: Method Z, RT14.29 min; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 9.16 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 8.46(s, 1H), 7.79 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 7.42-7.52 (m, 3H), 4.15-4.23 (m, 1H),3.64-3.72 (m, 2H), 3.33-3.38 (m, 1H), 3.07-3.12 (m, 1H), 2.34-2.42 (m,1H), 0.99 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 3H).

Example 72N-((3S,4R)-1-cyano-4-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-phenylthiazole-5-carboxamide

LCMS: Method B, RT 4.21 min, MS: ES+ 312.96; Chiral HPLC: Method Z, RT12.49 min; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 9.16 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 8.46(s, 1H), 7.79 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 7.42-7.52 (m, 3H), 4.15-4.23 (m, 1H),3.64-3.72 (m, 2H), 3.33-3.38 (m, 1H), 3.07-3.12 (m, 1H), 2.34-2.42 (m,1H), 0.99 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 3H).

Example 73(R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-(isoindolin-2-yl)isonicotinamide

(Prepared According to General Method D)

Step a. To a solution of 2-fluoropyridine-4 carboxylic acid (0.5 g, 3.50mmol) in DCM (8 ml) was added HATU (2.01 g, 5.30 mmol) and DIPEA (0.91g, 7.08 mmol) at 0° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at stirred for0° C. 20 min before adding tert-butyl(R)-3-aminopyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (CAS Number 147081-49-0) (0.52 g,2.83 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 4 h. Theresulting reaction mixture was poured into water (100 ml) and extractedwith DCM (3×50 ml). The combined organic phase was collected, dried overNa₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure yieldingtert-butyl (R)-3-(2-fluoroisonicotinamido)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (1.5g, quantitative). MS: ES+ 254.2 (M-56).

Step b. To a solution of tert-butyl(R)-3-(2-fluoroisonicotinamido)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (1.5 g, 4.84mmol) in DMF (4 ml) was added K₂CO₃ (1.33 g, 9.6 mmol) at rt and stirredfor 10 min. A solution of isoindoline (CAS Number 496-12-8) (0.63 g,5.33 mmol) in DMF (1 ml) was added dropwise to the reaction mixture atrt. The reaction mixture was heated at 120° C. for 18 h. The resultingreaction mixture was poured into water (100 ml) and extracted with EtOAc(3×40 ml). The combined organic phase was collected, washed with brine(2×50 ml), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reducedpressure. The resulting residue was purified by flash chromatography(40% EtOAc in hexane) yielding tert-butyl(R)-3-(2-(isoindolin-2-yl)isonicotinamido)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate(0.35 g, 0.85 mmol). MS: ES+ 409.3

Step c. To a solution of tert-butyl(R)-3-(2-(isoindolin-2-yl)isonicotinamido)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate(0.35 g, 0.85 mmol) in DCM (6 ml) was added TFA (2 ml) at 0° C. Thereaction mixture was stirred at rt for 2 h and then concentrated underreduced pressure. The resulting residue was azeotropically distilledusing DCM (2×20 ml). The resulting material was triturated withn-pentane (2×20 ml), diethyl ether (2×20 ml) and finally dried yielding(R)-2-(isoindolin-2-yl)-N-(pyrrolidin-3-yl)isonicotinamide TFA salt(0.18 g, 0.42 mmol) MS: ES+ 309.3

Step d. To a solution of (R)-2-(isoindolin-2-yl)-N-(pyrrolidin-3-yl)isonicotinamide TFA salt (0.18 g, 0.42 mmol) in THF (6 ml) was addedK₂CO₃ (0.23 g, 1.70 mmol) at 0° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at0° C. for 20 min before adding cyanogen bromide (0.045 g, 0.42 mmol).The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 3 h. The resulting reactionmixture was poured into water (50 ml) and extracted with 5% MeOH in DCM(2×50 ml). The combined organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄, filteredand concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting material wastriturated with n-pentane (2×30 ml), diethyl ether (2×30 ml) and furtherpurified by preparative TLC using 3% MeOH in DCM as mobile phase. Theobtained material was further purified by preparative HPLC (mobilephase: 0.1% formic acid in water/MeCN; column: YMC ACTUS TRIART C18(250×20 mm), 5 μm; flow rate: 18 ml/min) yielding the title compound(0.033 g, 0.099 mmol). LCMS: Method A, RT 3.92 min, MS: ES+ 334.01; ¹HNMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 8.76 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 8.26 (d, J=5.2 Hz,1H), 7.32-7.44 (m, 4H), 7.01 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 1H), 6.95 (s, 1H), 4.8 (s,4H), 4.47-4.52 (m, 1H), 3.64-3.68 (m, 1H), 3.54-3.60 (m, 1H), 3.34-3.49(m, 1H), 3.30-3.31 (m, 1H), 2.13-2.18 (m, 1H), 1.94-1.99 (m, 1H).

Example 74(R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-(3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl)isonicotinamide

Synthesised using a procedure similar to that described for Example 73using 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline (CAS Number 91-21-4). LCMS: MethodB, RT 3.34 min, MS: ES+ 348.35

Example 75(R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-fluoro-4-(4-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzamide

Step a. A solution of acetic anhydride (0.89 g, 8.74 mmol) in formicacid (1.3 ml) was stirred at rt for 30 min. A solution of4-amino-2-fluoro-benzoic acid methyl ester (CAS Number 73792-08-2) (0.4g, 2.36 mmol) in THF (4 ml) was added dropwise and the reaction mixturewas then heated to 60° C. for 16 h. The reaction mixture was poured intowater (150 ml) and stirred at rt for 30 min. The precipitated solidswere collected by filtration under vacuum, washed with water (2×25 ml)and finally dried under vacuum yielding methyl2-fluoro-4-formamidobenzoate (0.31 g, 1.56 mmol) MS: ES+ 198.28

Step b. To a solution of methyl 2-fluoro-4-formamidobenzoate (0.31 g,1.56 mmol) in DMF (4 ml) was added K₂CO₃ (0.32 g, 2.34 mmol) and KI(0.025 g, 0.15 mmol) at rt. Chloroacetone (0.36 g, 3.90 mmol) was addeddropwise to the reaction mixture and stirred at rt for 16 h. Thereaction mixture was poured into water (150 ml) and extracted with EtOAc(3×100 ml). The combined organic phase was collected washed with brine(100 ml), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reducedpressure yielding methyl 2-fluoro-4-(N-(2-oxopropyl)formamido) benzoate(0.3 g, 1.18 mmol) MS: ES+ 254.5.

Step c. To a solution of 2-fluoro-4-(N-(2-oxopropyl)formamido) benzoate(0.3 g, 1.18 mmol) in glacial acetic acid (4 ml) was added ammoniumacetate (0.54 g, 7.10 mmol) at rt. The reaction mixture was heated at130° C. for 3 h. The resulting reaction mixture was allowed to cool tort and was basified using aqueous ammonium hydroxide to adjust to pH 7.The resulting aqueous solution was extracted with EtOAc (3×120 ml). Thecombined organic phase was collected, washed with water (100 ml), brine(150 ml), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reducedpressure yielding methyl 2-fluoro-4-(4-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzoate(0.32 g, 1.38 mmol) MS: ES+ 235.2.

Step d. To a solution of methyl 2-fluoro-4-(4-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzoate (0.32 g, 1.38 mmol) in THF:water (1:1) was added LiOH.H₂O (0.58g, 13.80 mmol) at rt. The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 8 h.The resulting reaction mixture was acidified using 1M HCl to adjust topH 4. The resulting aqueous solution was extracted with EtOAc (3×150ml). The desired product remained in the aqueous layer which wasevaporated. The desired product was extracted from the obtained residueby using 10% MeOH in DCM (40 ml). The obtained organic layer was driedover Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure yielding2-fluoro-4-(4-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzoic acid (0.29 g, 1.31 mmol)MS: ES+ 221.14.

Step e. To a solution 2-fluoro-4-(4-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzoic acid(0.29 g, 1.31 mmol) in DMF (5 ml) was added HATU (0.8 g, 2.1 mmol) atrt. The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 30 min. A solution oftert-butyl (R)-3-aminopyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (CAS Number 186550-13-0)(0.19 g, 1.05 mmol) in DMF (1 ml) was added to the reaction mixture atrt followed by addition of DIPEA (0.51 g, 3.9 mmol) at rt. The reactionmixture was stirred at rt for 1 h. The resulting reaction mixture waspoured into chilled water (100 ml) and extracted with EtOAc (3×100 ml).The combined organic phase was collected and washed with saturatedNaHCO₃ solution (100 ml), brine (100 ml). The resulting organic phasewas dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressureyielding tert-butyl(R)-3-(2-fluoro-4-(4-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzamido)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate(0.3 g, 0.77 mmol) MS: ES+ 389.4

Step f. To a solution of tert-butyl(R)-3-(2-fluoro-4-(4-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzamido)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate(0.3 g, 0.77 mmol) in DCM (4 ml) was added TFA (0.586 ml, 7.73 mmol) atrt. The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 2 h. The resultingreaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtainedresidue was triturated with diethyl ether (3×25 ml) and dried yielding(R)-2-fluoro-4-(4-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)-N-(pyrrolidin-3-yl)benzamideTFA salt (0.15 g, 0.37 mmol). This material was used directly for thenext step without further purification.

Step g. To a solution of(R)-2-fluoro-4-(4-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)-N-(pyrrolidin-3-yl)benzamideTFA salt (0.15 g, 0.37 mmol) in THF (3 ml) was added K₂CO₃ (0.206 g,1.49 mmol) and cyanogen bromide (0.039 g, 0.37 mmol) at rt. The reactionmixture was stirred at rt for 30 min. The reaction mixture was pouredinto water (70 ml) and extracted with EtOAc (3×50 ml). The combinedorganic layer was washed with brine (50 ml), dried over Na₂SO₄, filteredand concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting residue waspurified by flash chromatography (100% EtOAc) yielding the titlecompound (0.020 g, 0.06 mmol) LCMS: Method A, RT 2.97 min, MS: ES+313.98; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 8.68 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 8.33 (s,1H), 7.67-7.75 (m, 2H), 7.57-7.60 (m, 2H), 4.44-4.47 (m, 1H), 3.61-3.65(m, 1H), 3.43-3.55 (m, 2H), 3.28-3.31 (m, 1H), 2.16 (s, 3H), 2.08-2.13(m, 1H), 1.88-1.96 (m, 1H).

Example 89(R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-N-methyl-3-phenoxyazetidine-1-carboxamide

(Prepared According to General Method E)

Step a. To a solution of tert-butyl(R)-3-(methylamino)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (CAS Number 199336-83-9)(0.22 g, 1.08 mmol) and TEA (0.5 ml, 3.59 mmol) in DCM (5 ml) was addedtriphosgene (0.1 g, 0.355 mmol) at 0° C. The reaction mixture wasstirred at 0° C. for 30 min. A solution of 3-phenoxy-azetidinehydrochloride (CAS Number 301335-39-7) (0.2 g, 1.08 mmol) and TEA (0.25ml, 1.80 mmol) was added to the reaction mixture at 0° C. The reactionmixture was allowed to warm to rt and stirred for 1 hr. The resultingreaction mixture was poured into saturated NaHCO₃ solution (50 ml) andextracted with DCM (3×25 ml). The combined organic layer was washed withbrine (25 ml), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated underreduced pressure. The resulting residue was purified by flashchromatography (5% MeOH in DCM) yielding tert-butyl(R)-3-(N-methyl-3-phenoxyazetidine-1-carboxamido)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate(0.3 g, 0.80 mmol). LCMS: Method C, RT 2.25 min, MS: ES+ 376.69.

Steps b, c. The title compound was synthesised from the intermediateabove using a procedure similar to that described for steps b, c ofExample 5 to provide the title compound. LCMS: Method A, RT 3.84 min,MS: ES+ 301.21; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 7.30 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H),6.97 (t, 7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.83 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 4.96-4.98 (m, 1H),4.56-4.60 (m, 1H), 4.31-4.38 (m, 2H), 3.83-3.89 (m, 2H), 3.37-3.52 (m,3H), 3.24-3.28 (m, 1H), 2.68 (s, 3H), 1.89-1.98 (m, 2H).

Example 90(3aR,6aR)-5-cyano-N-(2-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-1(2H)-carboxamide

Synthesised using a procedure similar to that described for Example 89using (3aR,6aR)-5-N—BOC-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole (CAS Number370882-39-6) in step a. LCMS: Method A, RT 4.19 min, MS: ES+ 343.05; ¹HNMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 8.34 (s, 1H), 8.46 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.68(d, J=10.8 Hz, 1H), 7.52 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 4.37 (m, 1H), 3.51-3.61 (m,4H), 3.41-3.45 (m, 1H), 3.24-3.28 (m, 1H), 2.96-2.98 (m, 1H), 2.02-207(m, 1H), 1.80-1.86 (m, 1H).

Example 91(R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-fluoro-4-(pyrimidin-2-ylamino)benzamide

(Prepared According to General Method G)

Step a. To a solution of 4-amino-2-fluorobenzoic acid (0.4 g, 2.58 mmol)in THF (10 ml) was added HATU (1.46 g, 3.868 mmol) and DIPEA (1.3 ml,7.74 mmol) at rt and stirred for 20 min (R)-3-Amino-1N—BOC-pyrrolidine(0.52 g, 2.84 mmol) was added to the reaction mixture at rt and stirredfor 4 h. The resulting reaction mixture was poured into water (30 ml)and extracted with EtOAc (2×50 ml). The combined organic phase wascollected, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reducedpressure yielding tert-butyl(R)-3-(4-amino-2-fluorobenzamido)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (1.2 g, 3.71mmol). LCMS: Method C, RT 1.99 min, MS: ES+ 324.29.

Step b. A mixture of tert-butyl(R)-3-(4-amino-2-fluorobenzamido)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (0.7 g, 2.16mmol), 2-chloropyrimidine (0.24 g, 2.16 mmol), DBU (0.03 g, 1.73 mmol)and sodium tert-butoxide (0.31 g, 3.25 mmol) was prepared in toluene (15ml) at rt. The reaction mixture was degassed for 10 min at rt and thenracemic BINAP (0.013 g, 0.021 mmol) and Pd₂(dba)₃ (0.02 g, 0.021 mmol)were added to the reaction mixture. The reaction mixture was heated at110° C. for 12 h. The resulting reaction mixture was allowed to cool atrt and poured into water (100 ml) and extracted with EtOAc (2×100 ml).The combined organic phase was collected, dried over Na₂SO₄, filteredand concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting residue waspurified by flash chromatography (1.5% MeOH in DCM) yielding tert-butyl(R)-3-(2-fluoro-4-(pyrimidin-2-ylamino)benzamido)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate(0.3 g, 0.75 mmol). LCMS: Method C, RT 2.04 min, MS: ES+ 402.5.

Steps c, d. The title compound was synthesised from the intermediateabove using a procedure similar to that described for steps b, c ofExample 1. LCMS: Method B, RT 2.98 min, MS: ES+ 305.94; ¹H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 10.14 (s, 1H), 8.58 (d, J=5 Hz, 2H), 8.35 (d, J=5 Hz,1H), 7.88-7.92 (m, 1H), 7.54-7.57 (m, 2H), 6.97 (t, J=5 Hz, 1H),4.42-4.46 (m, 1H), 3.60-3.64 (m, 1H), 3.39-3.53 (m, 2H), 3.26-3.30 (m,1H), 2.09-2.13 (m, 1H), 1.89-1.94 (m, 1H)

Example 92N-((trans)-1-cyano-4-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-fluoro-4-((R)-3-methoxypyrrolidin-1-yl)benzamide

(Prepared According to General Method H)

Step a was carried out using a procedure similar to that described forstep a of Example 91 using1-[(tert-butoxy)carbonyl]-(±)-trans-3-amino-4-methylpyrrolidine(described in the synthesis of Examples 69/70).

Step b was carried out using a procedure similar to step a of Example 6

Steps c-d were carried out using a procedure similar to steps c-d ofExample 91. LCMS: Method B, RT 3.74 min, MS: ES+ 347.32; ¹H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 7.86-7.89 (m, 1H), 7.51 (t, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 6.30-6.41(m, 2H), 4.11-4.15 (m, 2H), 3.61-3.68 (m, 2H), 3.43-3.45 (m, 1H),3.27-3.33 (m, 2H), 3.25 (s, 3H), 3.21-3.24 (m, 2H), 3.05-3.10 (m, 1H),2.23-2.31 (m, 1H), 2.04-2.09 (m, 2H), 1.03 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 3H).

Example 932-(2-chlorophenyl)-N-((trans)-1-cyano-4-hydroxypyrrolidin-3-yl)thiazole-5-carboxamide

Synthesised using a procedure similar to that described for Example 2,using ethyl 2-bromothiazole-5-carboxylate (CAS Number 41731-83-3) instep a and (3R,4R)-rel-tert-butyl3-amino-4-hydroxypyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (CAS Number 148214-90-8) instep c. LCMS: Method A, RT 3.76 min, MS: ES+ 348.84; ¹H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 8.86 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 8.60 (s, 1H), 8.25-8.27 (m, 1H),7.68-7.70 (m, 1H), 7.50-7.61 (m, 2H), 5.65 (dd, J=16.4, 4.0 Hz, 1H),4.16-4.26 (m, 2H), 3.75-3.79 (m, 1H), 3.64-3.68 (m, 1H), 3.40-3.43 (m,1H), 3.24-3.27 (m, 1H).

Example 94N-(1-cyano-3-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-fluoro-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzamide

Synthesised using a procedure similar to that described for Example 2using tert-butyl 3-amino-3-methylpyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (CAS Number1158758-59-8) in step c. LCMS: Method A, RT 3.43 min, MS: ES+ 328.15; ¹HNMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ ppm 8.04 (t, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.82 (s, 1H), 7.71(s, 1H), 7.38 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.22 (d, J=13.6 Hz, 1H), 6.73 (d, J=16Hz, 1H), 3.98 (s, 3H), 3.89 (d, J=10.4 Hz, 1H), 3.58-3.66 (m, 2H), 3.52(d, J=10 Hz, 1H), 2.44-2.46 (m, 1H), 2.00-2.04 (m, 1H), 1.65 (s, 3H).

Compounds in Table 7 were synthesised either using the general methodsA-F as exemplified by Examples 1-6 and Example 89 or by general method Gas exemplified by Example 91 or by general method H as exemplified byExample 92 using (R)-tert-butyl 3-aminopyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (CASNumber 147081-49-0).

TABLE 7 Ex R1 Name Synthetic Method ¹H NMR: (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppmLCMS Method LCMS RT (min) MS 95

(R)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-5- (4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide A 13.49 (s, 1 H), 8.43 (s, 1 H), 7.72 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.02 (d, J = 8.0, 3H), 4.46-4.50 (m, 1 H), 3.79 (s, 3 H), 3.52-3.60(m, 2 H), 3.44-3.50 (m, 1 H), 3.10 3.22 (m, 1 H), 2.06-2.15 (m, 1 H),1.94-2.01 (m, 1 H) A 3.38 ES+ 312.0 96

(R)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-5- (pyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide A 13.99 (s, 1 H), 8.50-8.72 (m, 2 H), 7.85-7.98 (m, 2 H),7.58 (s, 1 H), 7.29-7.39 (m, 1 H), 4.49 (s, 1 H), 3.54-3.65 (m, 2 H),3.42-3.44 (m, 2 H), 1.97-2.11 (m, 2 H) A 2.63 ES+ 283.0 97

(R)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-5- (2-methoxyphenyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide A 13.17 (s, 1 H), 8.14-8.21 (m, 1 H), 7.65-7.75 (m, 1 H),7.33-7.40 (m, 1 H), 7.16 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1 H), 7.03- 7.06 (m, 2 H),4.48-4.53 (m, 1 H), 3.91 (s, 3 H), 3.53- 3.65 (m, 2 H), 3.41-3.47 (m, 1H), 3.33-3.37 (m, 1 H), 2.13-2.18 (m, 1 H), 1.98-2.05 (m, 1 H) A 3.44ES+ 312.3 98

(R)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-5- (2-fluorophenyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide A 10.95 (s, 1 H), 6.95-7.73 (m, 1 H), 7.37-7.43 (m, 1 H),7.23-7.31 (m, 3 H), 7.06 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1 H), 4.69- 4.76 (m, 1 H),3.76-3.80 (m, 1 H), 3.55-3.68 (m, 2 H), 3.42-3.46 (m, 1 H), 2.28-2.37(m, 1 H), 2.03- 2.11 (m, 1 H) H 3.37 ES+ 300.2 99

(R)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-6- morpholinonicotinamide A 8.61 (dd, J =12.4, 2.0 Hz, 1 H), 8.38 (d, J = 6.4 Hz, 1 H), 7.93-8.00 (m, 1 H),6.86-6.88 (m, 1 H), 4.41-4.46 (m, 1 H), 4.68-4.70 (m, 4 H), 3.51-3.64(m, 6 H), 3.39-3.47 (m, 1 H), 3.26-3.30 (m, 1 H), 2.06-2.18 (m, 1 H),1.88-1.96 (m, 1 H) B 2.50 ES+ 302.29 100

(R)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3- (4-methoxyphenyl)isoxazole-5-carboxamide A 9.25 (d, J = 6.4 Hz, 1 H), 7.85-7.89 (m, 2 H), 7.61 (s, 1H), 7.08-7.11 (m, 2 H), 4.46-4.53 (m, 1 H), 3.83 (s, 3 H), 3.63-3.67 (m,1 H), 3.53-3.59 (m, 1 H), 3.43- 3.49 (m, 1 H), 3.34-3.38 (m, 1 H),2.10-2.19 (m, 1 H), 1.94-2.01 (m, 1 H) C 2.01 ES+ 313.43 101

(R)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)- 1H-indazole-3-carboxamide A 13.64 (s, 1H), 8.71 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 1 H), 8.16 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1 H), 7.62 (d, J =8.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.40-7.44 (m, 1 H), 7.23-7.27 (m, 1 H), 4.54-4.59 (m, 1H), 3.55-3.66 (m, 2 H), 3.37-3.48 (m, 2 H), 2.12-2.17 (m, 1 H),2.02-2.10 (m, 1 H) B 3.11 ES+ 256.37 102

(R)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-5- phenyl-1H-pyrazole-3- carboxamide A13.65 (s, 1 H), 8.44-8.65 (m, 1 H), 7.79-7.81 (m, 2 H), 7.29-7.50 (m, 3H), 7.09 (s, 1 H), 4.47-4.50 (m, 1 H), 3.52-3.68 (m, 3 H), 3.36-3.46 (m,1 H), 2.06- 2.16 (m, 1 H), 1.95-2.03 (m, 1 H) B 3.30 ES+ 282.39 103

(R)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-5- (pyridin-3-yl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide A 13.83-13.86 (m, 1 H), 8.99-9.04 (m, 1 H), 8.51-8.72 (m, 2H), 8.13-8.20 (m, 1 H), 7.45-7.53 (m, 1 H), 7.23-7.37 (m, 1 H),4.49-4.52 (m, 1 H), 3.52-3.68 (m, 2 H), 3.35-3.49 (m, 2 H), 2.07-2.17(m, 1 H), 1.91-2.01 (m, 1 H) B 2.32 ES+ 283.32 104

(R)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2- fluoro-3-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzamide B 8.77 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 1 H), 8.19 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1 H),7.93 (s, 1 H), 7.79-7.83 (m, 1 H), 7.34-7.37 (m, 1 H), 7.26 (t, J = 7.6Hz, 1 H), 4.44-4.48 (m, 1 H), 3.90 (s, 3 H), 3.64-3.66 (m, 1 H),3.43-3.55 (m, 2 H), 3.27-3.34 (m, 1 H), 2.09-2.17 (m, 1 H), 1.87-1.95(m, 1 H) A 3.11 ES+ 314.0 105

(R)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2- fluoro-4-(2-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)benzamide B 8.82-8.84 (m, 2 H), 8.10-8.15 (m, 2 H), 8.01 (d, J = 5.2Hz, 1 H), 7.74 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1 H), 3.46-4.50 (m, 1H), 3.63-3.67 (m, 1H), 3.45-3.56 (m, 2 H), 3.30- 3.33 (m, 1 H), 2.71 (s, 3 H), 2.12-2.17(m, 1 H), 1.91- 1.96 (m, 1 H) A 3.11 ES+ 326.0 106

(R)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-5- (1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)picolinamide B 8.93 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1 H), 8.77 (d, J = 1.6 Hz, 1 H),8.39 (s, 1 H), 8.15 (dd, J = 8.4, 2.4 Hz, 1 H), 8.08 (s, 1 H), 8.00 (d,J = 8.0 Hz, 1 H), 4.51-4.55 (m, 1 H), 3.90 (s, 3 H), 3.54-3.64 (m, 2 H),3.38-3.52 (m, 2 H), 1.98- 2.15 (m, 2 H) A 2.90 ES+ 296.96 107

(R)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2- fluoro-5-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzamide B 8.73 (d, J = 6.4 Hz, 1 H), 8.18 (s, 1 H), 7.89 (s, 1 H),7.67-7.71 (m, 2 H), 7.28 (t, J = 8.8 Hz, 1 H), 4.44-4.48 (m, 1 H), 3.86(s, 3 H), 3.62-3.66 (m, 1 H), 3.39-3.56 (m, 2 H), 3.28-3.32 (m, 1 H),2.09-2.17 (m, 1 H), 1.88-1.96 (m, 1 H) A 3.15 ES+ 314.05 108

(R)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2- fluoro-4-(pyrimidin-4- yl)benzamide B9.31 (d, J = 1.2 Hz, 1 H), 8.95 (d, J = 5.2 Hz, 1 H), 8.84 (d, J = 6.4Hz, 1 H), 8.22 (dd, J = 5.2, 1.2 Hz, 1 H), 8.12-8.16 (m, 2 H), 7.75 (t,J = 7.6 Hz, 1 H), 4.44- 4.51 (m, 1 H), 3.63-3.67 (m, 1 H), 3.44-3.56 (m,2 H), 3.28-3.32 (m, 1 H), 2.09-2.18 (m, 1 H), 1.90-1.99 (m, 1 H) H 2.97ES+ 311.92 109

(R)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2- fluoro-4-(imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidin-6-yl)benzamide B 9.46 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1 H), 8.98 (d, J = 2.8Hz, 1 H), 8.76 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.94 (d, J = 1.2 Hz, 1 H),7.80-7.84 (m, 2 H), 7.72-7.74 (m, 2 H), 4.46-4.50 (m, 1 H), 3.63-3.67(m, 1 H), 3.34-3.56 (m, 2 H), 3.30-3.32 (m, 1 H), 2.10-2.16 (m, 1 H),1.91-1.97 (m, 1 H) B 2.48 ES+ 351.25 110

(R)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2- methoxy-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzamide B 8.27 (s, 1 H), 8.24 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.98 (s, 1H), 7.64 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1 H), 7.28 (d, J = 1.2 Hz, 1 H), 7.22 (dd, J =8.0, 1.2 Hz, 1 H), 4.44-4.48 (m, 1 H), 3.94 (s, 3 H), 3.87 (s, 3 H),3.59-3.63 (m, 1 H), 3.43-3.55 (m, 2 H), 3.28-3.31 (m, 1 H), 2.08-2.14(m, 1 H), 1.91- 1.97 (m, 1 H) B 3.12 ES+ 326.19 111

(R)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-6- (1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)nicotinamide C 8.93 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1 H), 8.71 (d, J = 6.4 Hz, 1 H),8.38 (s, 1 H), 8.17 (dd, J = 8.0, 2.0 Hz, 1 H), 8.07 (s, 1 H), 7.75 (d,J = 8.4 Hz, 1 H), 4.45-4.52 (m, 1 H), 3.89 (s, 3 H), 3.63-3.67 (m, 1 H),3.53-3.59 (m, 1 H), 3.43- 3.49 (m, 1 H), 3.31-3.33 (m, 1 H), 2.09-2.18(m, 1 H), 1.91-1.99 (m, 1 H) A 2.68 ES+ 296.96 112

(R)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)- 3,5-difluoro-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzamide C 8.72 (d, J = 6.4 Hz, 1 H), 8.27 (s, 1 H), 7.90(s, 1 H), 7.67-7.71 (m, 2 H), 4.45-4.49 (m, 1 H), 3.94 (s, 3 H),3.63-3.67 (m, 1 H), 3.52-3.58 (m, 1 H), 3.43-3.49 (m, 1 H), 3.31-3.32(m, 1 H), 2.09-2.17 (m, 1 H), 1.92-1.98 (m, 1 H) B 3.35 ES+ 332.59 113

(R)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)- 2,6-difluoro-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzamide C 8.05 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 1 H), 8.33 (s, 1 H), 8.03(s, 1 H), 7.42-7.45 (m, 2 H), 4.39-4.46 (m, 1 H), 3.86 (s, 3 H),3.61-3.65 (m, 1 H), 3.45-3.49 (m, 2 H), 3.21-3.25 (m, 1 H), 2.08-2.17(m, 1 H), 1.88-1.90 (m, 1 H) A 3.15 ES+ 332.01 114

(R)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-6- (1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine-3- carboxamide C 9.07 (s, 1 H), 8.56 (s, 1H), 8.29 (s, 2 H), 8.17 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1 H), 8.03 (s, 1 H), 7.74 (d, J= 9.2 Hz, 1 H), 4.45- 4.53 (m, 1 H), 3.88 (s, 3 H), 3.64-3.68 (m, 1 H),3.56- 3.58 (m, 1 H), 3.46-3.48 (m, 2 H), 2.12-2.19 (m, 1 H), 1.92-1.98(m, 1 H) B 3.01 ES+ 336.22 115

(R)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2- fluoro-3-methoxy-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzamide C 8.62 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 1 H), 8.25 (s, 1 H), 7.97(s, 1 H), 7.50 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1 H), 7.25-7.35 (m, 1 H), 4.42- 4.46 (m,1 H), 3.90 (s, 3 H), 3.85 (s, 3 H), 3.61-3.65 (m, 1 H), 3.41-3.53 (m, 2H), 3.27-3.31 (m, 1 H), 2.10-2.15 (m, 1 H), 1.90-1.94 (m, 1 H) B 3.20ES+ 344.21 116

(R)-6-(3-cyanophenyl)-N-(1- cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-2-carboxamide C 9.09 (s, 1 H), 8.74 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1 H),8.37 (s, 1 H), 8.25 (s, 1 H), 8.09 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1 H), 7.90 (d, J =7.6 Hz, 1 H), 7.70-7.80 (m, 3 H), 4.51-4.56 (s, 1 H), 3.55- 3.64 (m, 2H), 3.37-3.48 (m, 2 H), 2.02-2.15 (m, 2 H) A 3.67 ES+ 356.96 117

(R)-6-(4-cyanophenyl)-N-(1- cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-2-carboxamide C 9.12 (s, 1 H), 8.74 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1 H),8.39 (s, 1 H), 8.01 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1 H), 7.95 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1 H),7.71- 7.80 (m, 2 H), 4.51-4.56 (s, 1 H), 3.55-3.64 (m, 2 H), 3.37-3.48(m, 2 H), 2.02-2.15 (m, 2 H) A 3.67 ES+ 357.03 118

(R)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2- fluoro-4-(imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-6-yl)benzamide C 9.08 (s, 1 H), 8.71 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 1 H), 7.97 (s, 1H), 7.64-7.73 (m, 6 H), 4.45-4.48 (m, 1 H), 3.62-3.66 (m, 1 H),3.46-3.54 (m, 2 H), 3.29-3.31 (m, 1 H), 2.11-2.16 (m, 1 H), 1.91-1.96(m, 1 H) A 3.15 ES+ 350.04 119

(R)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2- fluoro-4-(2-morpholinopyridin-4-yl)benzamide C 8.74 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 1H), 8.22 (d, J = 5.2 Hz, 1 H), 7.80(dd, J = 1.6 Hz, 11.6 Hz, 1 H), 7.65-7.73 (m, 2H), 7.14 (s, 1H), 7.06(dd, J = 1.2 Hz, 5.2 Hz, 1H), 4.45-4.49 (m, 1H), 3.71-3.73 (m, 4H),3.62-3.66 (m, 1H), 3.44- 3.56 (m, 5H), 3.29-3.31 (m, 2H), 2.09-2.16 (m,1H), 1.90-1.95 (m, 1H) B 2.68 ES+ 396.4 120

(R)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3- fluoro-5-(1-methyl-1H-indazol-5-yl)picolinamide C 9.00 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 8.89 (s, 1 H), 8.25-8.28 (m,2 H), 8.17 (s, 1 H), 7.89 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.82 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H), 4.49-4.54 (m, 1H), 4.10 (s, 3 H), 3.62- 3.66 (m, 1 H), 3.52-3.58 (m,1 H), 3.44-3.49 (m, 1 H), 3.34-3.38 (m, 1 H), 2.12-2.17 (m, 1 H),1.97-2.02 (m, 1 H) B 3.50 ES+ 365.2 121

(R)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3- fluoro-5-(1-methyl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-5- yl)picolinamide C 9.00 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 1 H),8.90 (s, 1 H), 8.74 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1 H), 8.46 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1 H),8.29-8.32 (m, 1 H), 7.64 (d, J = 3.2 Hz, 1 H), 6.58 (d, J = 3.6 Hz, 1H), 4.49- 4.54 (m, 1 H), 3.87 (s, 3 H), 3.62-3.66 (m, 1 H), 3.53- 3.58(m, 1 H), 3.44-3.49 (m, 1 H), 3.34-3.38 (m, 1 H), 2.10-2.17 (m, 1 H),1.97-2.04 (m, 1 H) B 3.52 ES+ 365.33 122

(R)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-5- (1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-3-fluoropicolinamide C 8.91 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 8.58 (t, J = 1.6 Hz, 1H),8.22 (s, 1H), 7.88 (dd, J = 1.6 Hz, 12.4 Hz, 1H), 4.47-4.51 (m, 1H),3.82 (s, 3H), 3.60-3.65 (m, 1H), 3.51-3.57 (m, 1H), 3.42-3.48 (m, 1H),3.32-3.37 (m, 1H), 2.36 (s, 3H), 2.10-2.15 (m, 1H), 1.91-2.00 (m, 1H) B3.06 ES+ 329.3 123

(R)-3-chloro-N-(1- cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-5-(4- fluorophenyl)picolinamideC 9.03 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 1 H), 8.88 (d, J = 1.6 Hz, 1 H), 8.36 (d, J = 2.0Hz, 1 H), 7.88-7.92 (m, 2 H), 7.39 (t, J = 8.8 Hz, 2 H), 4.46-4.50 (m, 1H), 3.63-3.67 (m, 1 H), 3.44-3.53 (m, 2 H), 3.30-3.32 (m, 1 H),2.12-2.17 (m, 1 H), 1.91-1.96 (m, 1 H) A 4.09 ES+ 345.1 124

(R)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-6- (1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-2- carboxamide C 8.83 (t, J = 1.2 Hz, 1 H),8.65 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1 H), 8.29 (s, 1 H), 8.19 (s, 1 H), 7.88 (d, J =0.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.57- 7.63 (m, 2 H), 4.49-4.54 (m, 1 H), 3.90 (s, 3 H),3.53- 3.62 (m, 2 H), 3.34-3.47 (m, 2 H), 2.00-2.13 (m, 2 H) A 2.78 ES+336.3 125

(R)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-6- (1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-2- carboxamide C 8.63-8.67 (m, 2 H), 8.38 (s,1 H), 7.99 (s, 1 H), 7.61 (d, J = 9.6 Hz, 1 H), 7.45 (dd, J = 9.2, 1.6Hz, 1 H), 4.48-4.56 (m, 1H), 3.80 (s, 3 H), 3.54-3.62 (m, 2 H),3.34-3.47 (m, 2 H), 2.33 (s, 3 H), 1.98-2.18 (m, 2 H) A 2.19 ES+ 350.3126

(R)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-5- (1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide C 13.70 (s, 1 H), 8.69 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 1 H), 8.25(s, 1 H), 8.16 (s, 1 H), 7.84 (s, 1 H), 7.59-7.65 (m, 2 H), 4.54- 4.58(m, 1 H), 3.88 (s, 3 H), 3.55-3.66 (m, 2 H), 3.37- 3.48 (m, 2 H),2.11-2.16 (m, 1 H), 2.02-2.08 (m, 1 H) A 2.98 ES+ 336.0 127

(R)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-6- (1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide C 13.56 (s, 1 H), 8.67 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1 H), 8.26(s, 1 H), 8.10 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1 H), 7.97 (s, 1 H), 7.69 (s, 1 H), 7.48(d, J = 9.6 Hz, 1 H), 4.52-4.57 (m, 1 H), 3.90 (s, 3 H), 3.51-3.66 (m, 2H), 3.38-3.48 (m, 2 H), 2.01- 2.17 (m, 2 H) B 3.03 ES+ 336.7 128

(R)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-6- (3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide C 11.66 (s, 1 H), 8.65 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.72(d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1 H), 7.38 (s, 1 H), 7.24 (s, 1 H), 7.04 (d, J = 8.4 Hz,1 H), 4.50-4.54 (m, 1 H), 3.65-3.69 (m, 1 H), 3.55-3.60 (m, 1 H),3.45-3.51 (m, 1 H), 3.32 (s, 1 H), 2.41 (s, 3 H), 2.23 (s, 3H),2.13-2.18 (m, 1 H), 1.94- 2.01 (m, 1 H) A 3.86 ES+ 350.0 129

(R)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-6- (1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide C 11.53 (s, 1 H), 8.57 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 1 H),7.86 (s, 1 H), 7.61 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1 H), 7.43 (s, 1 H), 7.18 (s, 1 H),7.12 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1 H), 4.49-4.54 (m, 1 H), 3.79 (s, 3 H), 3.65-3.69(m, 1 H), 3.54-3.60 (m, 1 H), 3.45- 3.50 (m, 1 H), 3.31-3.34 (m, 1 H),2.31 (s, 3 H), 2.11- 2.20 (m, 1 H), 1.94-2.00 (m, 1 H) B 3.34 ES+ 349.3130

(R)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-5- (1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide C 11.56 (s, 1 H), 8.59 (d, J = 6.4 Hz, 1 H), 8.06(s, 1 H), 7.82 (s, 1 H), 7.78 (s, 1 H), 7.40 (s, 2 H), 7.16 (d, J = 2.0Hz, 1 H), 4.50-4.52 (m, 1 H), 3.86 (s, 3 H), 3.65-3.69 (m, 1 H),3.55-3.61 (m, 1 H), 3.45-3.50 (m, 1 H), 3.32-3.35 (m, 1 H), 2.13-2.18(m, 1 H), 1.91-1.99 (m, 1 H) B 3.21 ES+ 335.3 131

(R)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)- 2,3-difluoro-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzamide C 8.74 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 1 H), 8.28 (d, J = 1.6 Hz,1 H), 8.01 (s, 1 H), 7.57-7.63 (m, 1 H), 7.37-7.41 (m, 1 H), 4.42- 4.49(m, 1 H), 3.91 (s, 3 H), 3.61-3.65 (m, 1 H), 3.43- 3.55 (m, 2 H),3.28-3.31 (m, 1 H), 2.08-2.18 (m, 1 H), 1.88-1.95 (m, 1 H) A 3.30 ES+332.28 132

(R)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-5- (1-ethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-4-methylpicolinamide C (MeOD) 8.63 (s, 1 H), 8.06 (s, 1 H), 7.98 (s, 1 H),7.84 (s, 1 H), 4.63-4.66 (m, 1 H), 4.26-4.32 (q, J = 14.8, 7.2 Hz, 2 H),3.74-3.78 (m, 1 H), 3.64-3.70 (m, 1 H), 3.54-3.60 (m, 1 H), 3.44-3.48(m, 1 H), 2.54 (s, 3 H), 2.29-2.34 (m, 1 H), 2.10-2.15 (m, 1 H), 1.53(t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3 H). B 3.33 ES+ 325.24 133

(R)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3- phenoxyazetidine-1-carboxamide E 7.31(t, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 6.98 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 6.83 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H),6.62 (d, J = 6.4 Hz, 1H), 4.97-4.99 (m, 1H), 4.24-4.28 (m, 2H),4.09-4.14 (m, 1H), 3.73- 3.76 (m, 2H), 3.45-3.52 (m, 2H), 3.34-3.40 (m,1H), 3.22-3.15 (m, 1H), 1.95-2.01 (m, 1H), 1.75-1.80 (m, 1H) A 3.95 ES+287.0 134

(R)-3-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)- N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)azetidine-1-carboxamide E 8.32 (s, 1H), 7.52-7.58 (m, 2 H), 7.15-7.17(m, 2 H), 6.62 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 1 H), 4.09-4.23 (m, 5 H), 3.99- 4.04 (m,1 H), 3.46-3.55 (m, 2 H), 3.36-3.42 (m, 1 H), 3.14-3.18 (m, 1 H),1.98-2.06 (m, 1 H), 1.77- 1.85 (m, 1 H) A 2.80 ES+ 310.99 135

(R)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-4- phenylpiperazine-1-carboxamide E7.20-7.24 (m, 2 H), 6.95-6.97 (m, 2 H), 6.78-6.82 (m, 1 H), 6.65 (d, J =6.0 Hz, 1 H), 4.16-4.20 (m, 1 H), 3.50-3.55 (m, 1 H), 3.44-3.48 (m, 5H), 3.36-3.39 (m, 1 H), 3.15-3.19 (m, 1 H), 3.08-3.10 (m, 4 H),1.91-2.06 (m, 1 H), 1.80-1.88 (m, 1 H) A 3.55 ES+ 300.01 136

N-((R)-1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2- phenylmorpholine-4-carboxamide E7.30-7.41 (m, 5 H), 6.67 (d, J = 6.4 Hz, 1 H), 4.36- 4.37 (m, 1 H),4.16-4.21 (m, 1 H), 3.95-3.98 (m, 2 H), 3.86-3.89 (m, 1 H), 3.44-3.59(m, 3 H), 3.37- 3.41 (m, 1 H), 3.14-3.19 (m, 1 H), 2.83-2.89 (m, 1 H),2.64-2.70 (m, 1 H), 1.98-2.06 (m, 1 H), 1.79- 1.85 (m, 1 H) A 3.54 ES+301.01 137

(R)-4-(2-chloro-6-fluorobenzyl)- N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-1,4-diazepane-1-carboxamide E (CDCl₃) 7.32-7.38 (m, 2 H), 7.21 (t, J = 8.0Hz, 1 H), 6.25 (d, J = 5.6 Hz, 1 H), 4.38-4.44 (m, 2 H), 3.80 (s, 2 H),3.65-3.69 (m, 1 H), 3.44-3.55 (m, 6 H), 3.26- 3.29 (m, 1 H), 2.75-2.80(m, 3 H), 2.18-2.23 (m, 1 H), 1.94-2.00 (m, 3 H) A 3.95 ES+ 379.98 138

(R)-4-benzyl-N-(1- cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-1,4- dizepane-1-carboxamide E7.23-7.34 (m, 5 H), 6.25 (d, J = 6.4 Hz, 1 H), 4.15- 4.19 (m, 1 H), 3.58(s, 2 H), 3.43-3.52 (m, 2 H), 3.33- 3.39 (m, 6 H), 3.14-3.18 (m, 1 H),2.51-2.55 (m, 3 H), 1.95-2.03 (m, 1 H), 1.79-1.86 (m, 1 H), 1.74-1.78(m, 2 H) G 6.07 ES+ 328.25 139

(R)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)- 1,3,4,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole-2-carboxamide E 10.83 (s, 1 H), 7.38 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1 H), 7.29(d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1 H), 7.03 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 1 H), 6.95 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.77 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 1 H), 4.55 (s, 2 H), 4.18-4.22 (m, 1 H),3.66-3.68 (m, 2 H), 3.47-3.56 (m, 2 H), 3.38-3.42 (m, 1 H), 3.17-3.21(m, 1 H), 2.68-2.69 (m, 2 H), 1.98-2.07 (m, 1 H), 1.83-1.90 (m, 1 H) B3.64 ES+ 310.16 140

N-((R)-1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2- ((2S,6R)-2,6- dimethylmorpholino)-5-fluoroisonicotinamide H 8.87 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 1H), 8.18 (s, 1H), 6.92 (d,J = 4, 1H), 4.41-4.45 (m, 1H), 4.06-4.09 (m, 2H), 3.58-3.65 (m, 3H),3.44-3.51 (m, 2H), 3.26-3.32 (m, 1H), 2.33- 2.41 (m, 2), 2.10-2.15 (m,1), 1.87-1.92 (m, 1H), 1.15 (d, J = 6 Hz, 6H) B 3.53 ES+ 348.3 141

(R)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-5- fluoro-2-(isoindolin-2-yl)isonicotinamide H 8.90 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 1H), 8.23 (d, J = 1.6 Hz, 1H),7.39- 7.42 (m, 2H), 7.31-7.34 (m, 2H), 6.67 (d, J = 4 Hz, 1H), 4.75 (s,4H), 4.45-4.48 (m, 1H), 3.63-3.67 (m, 1H), 3.44-3.54 (m, 2H), 3.29-3.33(m, 1H), 2.12-2.17 (m, 1H), 1.89-1.94 (m, 1H) B 3.84 ES+ 352.6 142

(R)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3- fluoro-4-(pyrimidin-2-ylamino)benzamide G 9.33 (s, 1H), 8.55 (d, J = 6.4 Hz, 1H), 8.49 (d, J =4.8 Hz, 2H), 8.026 (t, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.68-7.74 (m, 2H), 6.92 (t, J =4.8 Hz, 1H), 4.43-4.49 (m, 1H), 3.62- 3.66 (m, 1H), 3.53-3.59 (m, 1H),3.43-3.48 (m, 1H), 3.28-3.33 (m, 1H), 2.08-2.17 (m, 1H), 1.94-1.99 (m,1H) B 3.07 ES+ 327.5 143

(R)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2- fluoro-4-(pyrrolidin-1- yl)benzamide H7.91-7.93 (m, 1 H), 7.51 (t, J = 8.8 Hz, 1 H), 6.39 (dd, J = 8.8, 2.4Hz, 1 H), 6.30 (dd, J = 14.8, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 4.41-4.45 (m, 1 H), 3.58-3.62(m, 1 H), 3.48-3.54 (m, 1 H), 3.41-3.45 (m, 1 H), 3.25-3.31 (m, 5 H),2.05- 2.12 (m, 1 H), 1.89-1.99 (m, 5 H) B 3.88 ES+ 303.37 144

(R)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)- 2,5-difluoro-4- morpholinobenzamide H8.43 (d, J = 6.8, 1 H), 7.37-7.42 (m, 1 H), 6.90-6.95 (m, 1 H),4.40-4.44 (m, 1 H), 3.73 (t, J = 4.8, 4 H), 3.59- 3.63 (m, 1 H),3.41-3.54 (m, 2 H), 3.26-3.31 (m, 1 H), 3.10 (t, J = 4.4, 4 H),2.05-2.14 (m, 1 H), 1.86- 1.94 (m, 1 H) B 3.35 ES+ 337.00 145

(R)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidn-3-yl)- 2,5-difluoro-4-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)benzamide H 8.07-8.10 (m, 1 H), 7.30-7.42 (m, 1 H), 6.46-6.51 (m, 1H), 4.38-4.45 (m, 1 H), 3.59-3.64 (m, 1 H), 3.48-3.54 (m, 1 H),3.40-3.45 (m, 5 H), 3.26-3.31 (m, 1 H), 2.05-2.14 (m, 1 H), 1.87-1.95(m, 5 H) B 4.10 ES+ 321.30 146

N-((R)-1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2- fluoro-4-((R)-3-methoxypyrrolidin-1-yl)benzamide H 7.95-7.97 (m, 1 H), 7.51 (t, J = 8.8Hz, 1 H), 6.39 (dd, J = 8.8, 2.0 Hz, 1 H), 6.32 (dd, J = 14.4, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 4.41-4.45 (m, 1 H), 4.08-4.09 (m, 1 H), 3.57-3.61 (m, 1 H),3.52-3.54 (m, 1 H), 3.40-3.50 (m, 2 H), 3.28- 3.32 (m, 4 H), 3.26 (s, 3H), 2.03-2.13 (m, 3 H), 1.87- 1.95 (m, 1 H) A 3.63 ES+ 333.01 147

(R)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3- methoxy-4-(pyrimidin-2-ylamino)benzamide G 8.54 (d, J = 4.8 Hz, 2 H), 8.46 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 1H), 8.35 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1 H), 8.20 (s, 1 H), 7.50-7.53 (m, 2 H), 6.94(t, J = 4.8 Hz, 1 H), 4.47-4.51 (m, 1 H), 3.94 (s, 3 H), 3.63-3.68 (m, 1H), 3.54-3.60 (m, 1 H), 3.43- 3.49 (m, 1 H), 3.36-3.39 (m, 1 H),2.10-2.17 (m, 1 H), 1.94-2.00 (m, 1 H) A 3.49 ES+ 339.00 148

(R)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3- methoxy-4-((4-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)amino)benzamide G 8.39-8.47 (m, 3 H), 8.07 (s, 1 H), 7.48-7.54 (m, 2H), 6.83 (d, J = 4.8 Hz, 1 H), 4.46-4.50 (m, 1 H), 3.94 (s, 3 H),3.63-3.67 (m, 1 H), 3.54-3.60 (m, 1 H), 3.43- 3.49 (m, 1 H), 3.29-3.34(m, 1 H), 2.38 (s, 3H), 2.11- 2.18 (m, 1 H), 1.93-2.00 (m, 1 H) B 3.55ES+ 353.62 149

(R)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2- fluoro-4-((4-methoxypyrimidin-2-yl)amino)benzamide G 10.02 (s, 1 H), 8.34 (d, J = 1.2 Hz, 1 H), 8.29 (d,J = 5.6 Hz, 1 H), 7.89 (d, J = 14.4 Hz, 1 H), 7.54-7.56 (m, 2 H), 6.41(d, J = 5.6 Hz, 1 H), 4.42-4.46 (m, 1 H), 3.94 (s, 3 H), 3.60-3.64 (m, 1H), 3.41-3.55 (m, 2 H), 3.27- 3.32 (m, 1 H), 2.08-2.13 (m, 1 H),1.89-1.94 (m, 1 H) A 3.71 ES+ 357.03

Example 150N—((R)-1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-5-methyl-1-(1-phenylethyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide

Step a. To a stirred solution of ethyl3-methyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate (1.0 g, 6.49 mmol) in THF (25 ml) wasadded KOH (0.435 g, 7.78 mmol) and stirred at rt for 15 min. Thereaction was treated with (1-bromoethyl)benzene (1.2 g, 6.49 mmol) andheated to 80° C. for 8 h. The resulting reaction mixture was allowed tocool to rt, quickly poured into water (40 ml) and extracted with EtOAc(3×30 ml). The combined organic phase was separated, dried over Na₂SO₄,filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting residuewas purified by column chromatography yielding undesired regio-isomerethyl 3-methyl-1-(1-phenylethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate (0.12 g,0.464 mmol) at 5% EtOAc in hexane and desired regio-isomer ethyl5-methyl-1-(1-phenylethyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate (0.8 g, 3.10 mmol)at 12% EtOAc in hexane. LCMS: Method C, RT 2.20 min, MS: ES+ 259.32; ¹HNMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ ppm: 7.26-7.34 (m, 2H), 7.12-7.25 (m, 2H), 6.60(s, 1H), 5.51 (q, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 4.42 (q, J=7.2 Hz, 2H). 2.13 (s, 3H),1.99 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 3H), 1.41 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 3H).

Steps b-e. The title compound was synthesised from the intermediateabove using a procedure similar to that described for Example 2 toprovide the title compound. LCMS: Method B, RT 3.71 min, MS: ES+ 324.38;¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 8.19 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 1H), 7.31-7.35 (m,2H), 7.26-7.27 (m, 1H), 7.16 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 6.48 (s, 1H), 5.64-5.66(m, 1H), 4.46-4.48 (m, 1H), 3.58-3.62 (m, 2H), 3.51-3.53 (m, 1H),3.41-3.46 (m, 1H), 2.16 (s, 3H), 2.08-2.11 (m, 1H), 1.95-2.05 (m, 1H),1.83 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 3H)

Example 151(R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-5-methyl-1-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide

Synthesised using a procedure similar to that described for Example 150.LCMS: Method B, RT 2.82 min, MS: ES+ 311.21; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δppm 8.53 (dd, J=4.8, 0.8 Hz, 1H), 8.32 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.76-7.81 (m,1H), 7.30-7.33 (m, 1H), 6.98 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.52 (s, 1H), 5.46 (s,2H), 4.41-4.46 (m, 1H), 3.48-3.58 (m, 2H), 3.38-3.42 (m, 1H), 3.27-3.31(m, 1H), 2.26 (s, 3H), 2.03-2.06 (m, 1H), 1.91-1.96 (m, 1H).

Example 152(R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-fluoro-4-(pyridazin-4-yl)benzamide

Step a. A solution of 5-chloropyridazin-3(2H)-one (0.50 g, 3.83 mmol)and 3-fluoro-4-(methoxycarbonyl)phenyl)boronic acid (0.91 g, 4.59 mmol)in 1,4-dioxane:water (9:1, 10 ml) was added Na₂CO₃ (0.81 g, 7.66 mmol)at rt. The resulting reaction mixture was degassed for 20 min beforeadding Pd(dppf)Cl₂ (0.14 g, 0.19 mmol) and the reaction mixture washeated at 100° C. for 16 h. The resulting reaction mixture was pouredinto water (100 ml) and extracted with EtOAc (2×50 ml). The combinedorganic phase was washed with brine (100 ml). The combined organic phasewas dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure.The obtained residue was triturated with diethyl ether (2×10 ml) andfiltered under vacuum yielding methyl2-fluoro-4-(6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridazin-4-yl)benzoate (0.70 g, 2.82mmol). This material was used directly for the next step without furtherpurification. LCMS: Method C, RT 1.66 min, MS: ES+ 249.22; ¹H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 13.24 (s, 1H), 8.35 (d, J=1.60 Hz, 1H), 7.99 (t,J=7.60 Hz, 1H), 7.91 (d, J=12.40 Hz, 1H), 7.80 (d, J=8.00 Hz, 1H), 7.31(s, 1H), 3.88 (s, 3H).

Step b. A solution of methyl2-fluoro-4-(6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridazin-4-yl)benzoate (0.90 g, 3.62 mmol)in POCl₃ (1.06 ml, 1.08 mmol) was heated at 100° C. for 2 h. Theresulting reaction mixture was cooled to rt and poured into ice coldwater (20 ml). The pH was adjusted to ˜7-8 using solid NaHCO₃. Theresulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3×100 ml). The combinedorganic phase was washed with brine (100 ml), dried over Na₂SO₄,filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure yielding methyl4-(6-chloropyridazin-4-yl)-2-fluorobenzoate (1.1 g, quantitative). Thismaterial was used directly for the next step without furtherpurification. LCMS: Method C, RT 1.96 min, MS: ES+ 267.26.

Step c. A solution of methyl 4-(6-chloropyridazin-4-yl)-2-fluorobenzoate(1.10 g, 4.10 mmol) in EtOAc:MeOH (1:1, 20 ml) was prepared in anautoclave. Ammonium formate (0.51 g, 8.21 mmol) and 20% Pd(OH)₂ oncarbon (0.5 g, 0.71 mmol) was added to the reaction mixture at rt. Thereaction mixture was heated at 80° C. for 16 h. The resulting reactionmixture was cooled to rt and carefully filtered through celite hyflow.The celite bed was carefully washed with MeOH (5×30 ml). The combinedfiltrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting residuewas purified by column chromatography (2% MeOH in DCM) yielding methyl2-fluoro-4-(pyridazin-4-yl) benzoate (0.17 g, 0.73 mmol). LCMS: MethodC, RT 1.69 min, MS: ES+ 233.26; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm9.73-9.74 (m, 1H), 9.36-9.37 (m, 1H), 8.03-8.15 (m, 3H), 7.93-7.94 (m,1H), 3.90 (s, 3H)

Steps d-g. The title compound was synthesised from the intermediateabove using a procedure similar to that described for steps b-e ofExample 2. LCMS: Method A, RT 2.68 min, MS: ES+ 312.32; ¹H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 9.72-9.73 (m, 1H), 9.34 (dd, J=5.60, 1.20 Hz, 1H), 8.82(d, J=6.40 Hz, 1H), 8.11 (dd, J=5.60, 2.80 Hz, 1H), 7.99 (dd, J=11.60,1.60 Hz, 1H), 7.89 (dd, J=8.40, 2.00 Hz, 1H), 7.74 (t, J=7.60 Hz, 1H),4.44-4.51 (m, 1H), 3.63-3.70 (m, 1H), 3.39-3.56 (m, 2H), 3.28-3.32 (m,1H), 2.09-2.18 (m, 1H), 1.89-1.97 (m, 1H)

Example 153(R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-1-isobutyl-6-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide

Step a. To a mixture of 6-bromoindoline-2,3-dione (5 g, 22.12 mmol) inwater (55 ml) was added NaOH (0.97 g, 24.3 mmol) at rt. The reactionmixture was stirred at rt for 30 min. A solution of NaNO₂ (1.68 g, 24.3mmol) in 30 ml water was added dropwise to the reaction mixture at 5° C.over a period of 30 min. The reaction mixture was stirred at 5° C. for20 min. The resulting reaction mixture was transferred into a droppingfunnel and added dropwise to a solution of H₂SO₄ (4.5 ml) in water (55ml) at a temperature below 10° C. over a period of 25 min. The resultingreaction mixture was stirred at 10° C. for 20 min. A solution of tin(II) chloride (10.06 g, 53.1 mmol) in concentrated HCl (21 ml) was addeddropwise to the reaction mixture at 5° C. The reaction mixture wasstirred at 5° C. for 2 h. The resulting reaction mixture was filteredoff under vacuum. The desired solids were washed with hexane (4×50 ml)and dried under high vacuum to yield 6-bromo-1H-indazole-3-carboxylicacid (5.95 g, 24.9 mmol). LCMS: Method C, RT 1.66 min, MS: ES+ 239.20,241.20

Step b. To a solution of 6-bromo-1H-indazole-3-carboxylic acid (5.95 g,24.9 mmol) in MeOH (95 ml) was added H₂SO₄ (5.8 ml, 58.0 mmol) at rt.The reaction mixture was heated at 90° C. for 3.5 h. The resultingreaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtainedresidue was dumped in to saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ solution (250 ml) andextracted with EtOAc (4×200 ml). The combined organic layer was washedwith brine (2×150 ml), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentratedunder reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purified by columnchromatography (11% EtOAc in hexane) yielding methyl6-bromo-1H-indazole-3-carboxylate (1.81 g, 7.98 mmol). LCMS: Method C,RT 2.08 min, MS: ES+ 255.13, 257.10.

Step c. To a mixture of 6-bromo-1H-indazole-3-carboxylic acid (0.25 g,0.98 mmol) in DMF (3 ml) and water (3 ml) was added1-methyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole(0.30 g, 2.07 mmol) at rt, followed by NaHCO₃ (0.33 g, 3.92 mmol). Thereaction mixture was degassed with N₂ for 15 min, PdCl₂(dppf) (0.071 g,0.098 mmol) was added to the reaction mixture at rt. The reactionmixture was heated at 140° C. for 1.5 h. The resulting reaction mixturewas poured into cold water (150 ml) and extracted with EtOAc (2×100 ml).The combined organic layer was washed with brine (100 ml), dried overNa₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield methyl6-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxylate (0.31 g, 1.21mmol). LCMS: Method A, RT 3.29 min, MS: ES+ 256.19.

Step d. To a solution of methyl6-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxylate (0.31 g, 1.21mmol) in DMF (7 ml) were added Cs₂CO₃ (0.59 g, 1.81 mmol) and1-iodo-2-methylpropane (0.16 ml, 1.45 mmol) at rt. The reaction mixturewas stirred at rt for 2 h. The reaction mixture was poured into coldwater (150 ml) and extracted with EtOAc (2×100 ml). The combined organiclayer was washed with brine (100 ml), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered andconcentrated under reduced pressure yielding a mixture of methyl1-isobutyl-6-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxylate (0.027g, 0.08 mmol) LCMS: Method C, RT 2.24 min, MS: ES+ 313.38, ¹H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 8.29 (s, 1H), 8.03 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 2H), 8.0 (s, 1H),7.57 (dd, J=1.2, 8.4 Hz, 1H), 4.33 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.91 (s, 3H), 3.89(s, 3H), 2.27-2.33 (m, 1H), 0.88 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 6H) and methyl2-isobutyl-6-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-2H-indazole-3-carboxylate (0.007g, 0.022 mmol). LCMS: Method C, RT 2.40 min, MS: ES+ 313.43.

Steps e-h. The title compound was synthesised from the intermediateabove using a procedure similar to that described for steps b-e ofExample 2. LCMS: Method A, RT 3.98 min, MS: ES+ 392.23; ¹H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 8.60 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 8.28 (s, 1H), 8.09 (d, J=8.4 Hz,1H), 8.02 (s, 1H), 7.97 (s, 1H), 7.50 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 4.54-4.58 (m,1H), 4.30 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.89 (s, 3H), 3.55-3.66 (m, 2H), 3.39-3.47(m, 2H), 2.33-2.37 (m, 1H), 2.11-2.16 (m, 1H), 2.01-2.06 (m, 1H), 0.90(d, J=6.4 Hz, 6H).

Example 154(R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-6-(3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)-1-isobutyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide

Synthesised using a procedure similar to that described for Example 153using 3,5-dimethylisoxazole-4-boronic acid (CAS Number 16114-47-9) instep c. LCMS: Method A, RT 4.54 min, MS: ES+ 407.07; ¹H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 8.67 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 8.21 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.82 (s,1H), 7.27 (dd, J=8.8, J=1.2 Hz, 1H), 4.57-4.58 (m, 1H), 4.35 (d, J=7.2Hz, 1H), 3.55-3.66 (m, 2H), 3.33-3.48 (m, 2H), 2.44-2.46 (m, 4H),2.28-2.33 (m, 4H), 1.99-2.15 (m, 2H), 0.85-0.89 (m, 6H).

Example 155(R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-1-(cyclopropylmethyl)-6-(3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide

Synthesised using a procedure similar to that described for Example 154using cyclopropylmethyl bromide (CAS Number 7051-34-5) in step d. LCMS:Method A, RT 4.37 min, MS: ES+ 404.99; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm8.68 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 8.22 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.83 (s, 1H), 7.28 (dd,J=8.4, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 4.56-4.61 (m, 1H), 4.43-4.45 (m, 2H), 3.56-3.67 (m,2H), 3.39-3.48 (m, 2H), 2.46 (s, 3H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 2.13-2.18 (m, 1H),2.03-2.11 (m, 1H), 1.34-1.38 (m, 1H), 0.44-0.54 (m, 4H).

Example 156(R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-N-methyl-6-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-2-carboxamide

Synthesised using a procedure similar to that described for Example 3using (R)-tert-butyl 3-(methylamino)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (CASNumber 199336-83-9). LCMS: Method A, RT 2.87 min, MS: ES+ 350.17; ¹H NMR(400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 8.82 (s, 1H), 8.24 (s, 1H), 8.19 (s, 1 H), 7.89(s, 1H), 7.65 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 7.58 (dd, J=9.2, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 3.89 (s,3H), 3.54-3.64 (m, 2H), 3.43-3.47 (m, 3H), 3.37 (s, 3H), 2.07-2.17 (m,2H).

Example 157(R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-N-methyl-5-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide

Synthesised using a procedure similar to that described for Example 3using (R)-tert-butyl 3-(methylamino)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (CASNumber 199336-83-9). LCMS: Method A, RT 3.38 min, MS: ES+ 349.11; ¹H NMR(400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 11.56 (s, 1H), 8.05 (s, 1H), 7.81 (s, 1H), 7.77(s, 1H), 7.41 (s, 2H), 6.85 (s, 1H), 5.16 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.86 (s,3H), 3.57-3.66 (m, 2H), 3.40-3.49 (m, 2H), 3.13 (s, 3H), 2.08-2.17 (m,2H).

Example 158(R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-6-(3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)-N-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-carboxamide

Synthesised using a procedure similar to that described for Example 3using (R)-tert-butyl 3-(methylamino)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (CASNumber 199336-83-9). LCMS: Method B, RT 3.45 min, MS: ES+ 365.3; ¹H NMR(400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 13.02 (s, 1H), 7.49-7.82 (m, 2H), 7.28 (s, 1H),3.59-3.71 (m, 2H), 3.44-3.54 (m, 3H), 3.02-3.09 (m, 3H), 2.42 (s, 3H),2.24 (s, 3H), 2.13-2.21 (m, 2H).

Example 159(R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-7-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-carboxamide

Step a. To a solution of 7-bromo-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-carboxylicacid ethyl ester (0.2 g, 0.743 mmol) in THF:water (1:1) (12 ml) wasadded LiOH.H₂O (0.062 g, 1.49 mmol) at 0° C. The reaction mixture wasstirred at rt for 6 h. The resulting reaction mixture was acidified topH 4 by dropwise addition of 10% citric acid solution and stirred for 10min. The resulting solids were filtered off under vacuum and dried toyield 7-bromoimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-carboxylic acid (0.16 g, 0.666mmol). LCMS: Method C, RT 1.39 min, MS: ES+ 241.08, 242.99

Steps b-e. The title compound was synthesised from the intermediateabove using a procedure similar to that described for Example 3 toprovide the title compound. LCMS: Method B, RT 2.76 min, MS: ES+ 336.32;¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 9.33-9.37 (m, 1H), 8.54 (d, J=6.4 Hz,1H), 8.38 (s, 1H), 8.35 (s, 1H), 8.10 (s, 1H), 7.90 (d, J=0.8 Hz, 1H),7.40 (dd, J=2 Hz, 7.2 Hz, 1H), 4.51-4.55 (m, 1H), 3.89 (s, 3H),3.65-3.69 (m, 1H), 3.54-3.60 (m, 1H), 3.44-3.50 (m, 1H), 3.31-3.35 (m,1H), 2.12-2.21 (m, 1H), 1.94-2.01 (m, 1H)

Example 160(R)-7-(3-cyanophenyl)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-carboxamide

Synthesised using a procedure similar to that described for Example 159.LCMS: Method A, RT 3.69 min, MS: ES+ 357.16; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δppm 9.48 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 8.68 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 8.44 (s, 1H), 8.41(d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 8.20-8.25 (m, 2H), 7.91 (d, J=8 Hz, 1H), 7.73 (t,J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.62 (dd, J=2 Hz, 7.6 Hz, 1H), 4.53-4.57 (m, 1H),3.67-3.71 (m, 1H), 3.55-3.61 (m, 1H), 3.47-3.51 (m, 1H), 3.33-3.36 (m,1H), 2.15-2.20 (m, 1H), 1.96-2.01 (m, 1H)

Example 161(R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-N-methyl-7-(2-methylpyridin-4-yl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-carboxamide

Synthesised using a procedure similar to that described for Example 159.LCMS: Method A, RT 3.04 min, MS: ES+ 361.09; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δppm 9.04 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 8.57 (d, J=5.2 Hz, 1H), 8.28 (s, 1H), 8.18(s, 1H), 7.83 (s, 1H), 7.73 (d, J=5.2 Hz, 1H), 7.59 (dd, J=2.0 Hz, 7.6Hz, 1H), 5.11-5.15 (m, 1H), 3.57-3.69 (m, 2H), 3.35-3.50 (m, 2H), 3.13(s, 3H), 2.57 (s, 3H), 2.10-2.22 (m, 2H)

Example 162(R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-N-methyl-7-(6-methylpyridin-3-yl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-carboxamide

Synthesised using a procedure similar to that described for Example 159.LCMS: Method A, RT 3.15 min, MS: ES+ 361.09; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δppm 9.03 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 8.97 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.14-8.20 (m, 3H),7.53 (dd, J=1.6 Hz, 7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.40 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 5.12-5.15 (m,1H), 3.57-3.69 (m, 2H), 3.40-3.50 (m, 2H), 3.13 (s, 3H), 2.54 (s, 3H),2.10-2.21 (m, 2H)

Example 163(R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-7-(1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-N-methylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-carboxamide

Synthesised using a procedure similar to that described for Example 159.LCMS: Method A, RT 3.06 min, MS: ES+ 364.15; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δppm 8.94 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 8.19 (s, 1H), 8.10 (s, 1H), 7.67 (s, 1H),7.27 (dd, J=7.2, 2 Hz, 1H), 5.08-5.15 (m, 1H), 3.81 (s, 3H), 3.56-3.67(m, 2H), 3.39-3.47 (m, 2H), 3.11 (s, 3H), 2.41 (s, 3H), 2.08-2.23 (m,2H).

Example 164(R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-7-(2,6-dimethylpyridin-4-yl)-N-methylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-carboxamide

Synthesised using a procedure similar to that described for Example 159.LCMS: Method A, RT 3.28 min, MS: ES+ 375.0; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, MeOD) δ ppm9.11 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 8.13 (s, 1H), 8.05 (s, 1H), 7.50-7.61 (m, 3H),5.19-5.26 (m, 1H), 3.68-3.77 (m, 2H), 3.50-3.61 (m, 2H), 3.28 (s, 3H),2.61 (s, 6H), 2.24-2.35 (m, 2H).

Example 165(R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-N-ethyl-7-(2-methylpyridin-4-yl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-carboxamide

Synthesised using a procedure similar to that described for Example 159.LCMS: Method A, RT 3.37 min, MS: ES+ 375.0; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δppm 8.96 (d, J=7.1 Hz, 1H), 8.56 (d, J=5.2 Hz, 1H), 8.26 (s, 1H), 8.01(s, 1H), 7.80 (s, 1H), 7.70 (d, J=5.2 Hz, 1H), 7.52-7.58 (m, 1H),4.86-4.90 (m, 1H), 3.69-3.73 (m, 1H), 3.38-3.61 (m, 5H), 2.56 (s, 3H),2.16-2.23 (m, 2H), 1.23 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 3H).

Example 166(R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-7-morpholinoimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-carboxamide

Synthesised using a procedure similar to that described for Example 91using 7-bromoimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-carboxylic acid (preparedaccording to the method described for Example 159, step a). LCMS: MethodA, RT 2.92 min, MS: ES+ 341.19; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 9.16 (d,J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 8.35 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 1H), 8.18 (s, 1H), 7.04 (dd, J=2.4 Hz,7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.81 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 4.47-4.51 (m, 1H), 3.73-3.76 (m,4H), 3.63-3.67 (m, 1H), 3.53-3.59 (m, 1H), 3.44-3.48 (m, 1H), 3.25-3.33(m, 5H), 2.09-2.18 (m, 1H), 1.91-1.98 (m, 1H).

Example 167(R)-6-(3-cyanophenyl)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-fluoroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-2-carboxamide

Step a. To a solution of 5-bromopyridin-2-amine (5 g, 28.9 mmol) intoluene (30 ml) were added methyl 3,3,3-trifluoro-2-oxopropanoate (CASNumber 13089-11-7) (4.5 g, 28.9 mmol) and pyridine (4.65 ml, 57.8 mmol)at rt. The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 5 min before SOCl₂(3.43 g, 28.9 mmol) was added dropwise to the reaction mixture. Thereaction mixture was stirred at rt for 16 h. The resulting reactionmixture was poured into cold water (200 ml) and basified with solidNaHCO₃. The resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3×100 ml). Thecombined organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentratedunder reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purified by columnchromatography (1% EtOAc in hexane) yielding methyl(Z)-2-((5-bromopyridin-2-yl)imino)-3,3,3-trifluoropropanoate (5 g, 16.07mmol). LCMS: Method C, RT 2.75 min, MS: ES+ 313.10, 315.10

Step b. To a solution of methyl(Z)-2-((5-bromopyridin-2-yl)imino)-3,3,3-trifluoropropanoate (5 g, 16.1mmol) in MeCN (50 ml) was added trimethyl phosphite (2.99 g, 24.1 mmol)at rt. The reaction mixture was heated at 80° C. for 24 h. The resultingreaction mixture was cooled to rt and poured into cold water (150 ml)followed by addition of 5% K₂CO₃ solution (100 ml). The resultingmixture was extracted with EtOAc (3×100 ml). The combined organic layerwas washed with brine (100 ml), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered andconcentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purifiedby column chromatography (25% EtOAc in hexane) yielding methyl6-bromo-3-fluoroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-2-carboxylate (1.5 g, 5.49 mmol).LCMS: Method C, RT 1.94 min, MS: ES+ 273.10, 275.13

Step c. A mixture of methyl6-bromo-3-fluoroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-2-carboxylate (1.5 g, 5.49 mmol)in concentrated HCl was heated at 100° C. for 2.5 h. The resultingreaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtainedresidue was azeotropically distilled with DCM (3×10 ml) and dried underreduced pressure to yield6-bromo-3-fluoroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid HCl salt (1.2g, 4.06 mmol). LCMS: Method C, RT 1.68 min, MS: ES+ 259.30, 261.30

Steps d-g. The title compound was synthesised from the intermediateabove using a procedure similar to that described for Example 3 toprovide the title compound. LCMS: Method A, RT 3.80 min, MS: ES+ 374.99;¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 8.83 (s, 1H), 8.76 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H),8.36 (s, 1H), 8.16 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.90 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.80 (dd,J=1.6 Hz, 9.6 Hz, 1H), 7.72 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.66 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H),4.50-4.55 (m, 1H), 3.54-3.63 (m, 2H), 3.37-3.47 (m, 2H), 2.01-2.14 (m,2H).

Compounds in Table 8 were synthesised using a procedure similar to thatdescribed for Example 167.

TABLE 8 ¹H NMR LCMS LCMS Ex R Name (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm Method RT(min) MS 168

(R)-N-(1- cyanopyrrolidin-3- yl)-3-fluoro-6-(1- methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)imidazo[1,2- a]pyridine-2- 8.69 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1 H), 8.58 (s, 1H), 8.30 (s, 1 H), 8.04 (s, 1 H), 7.61-7.64 (m, 1 H), 7.54-7.57 (m, 1H), 4.49- 4.54 (m, 1 H), 3.88 (s, 3 H), 3.55-3.62 (m, 2 H), 3.36- A 2.98ES+ 354.2 carboxamide 3.43 (m, 2 H), 1.99-2.13 (m, 2 H) 169

(R)-N-(1- cyanopyrrolidin-3- yl)-6-(1-ethyl-1H- pyrazol-4-yl)-3-fluoroimidazo[1,2- a]pyridine-2- carboxamide 8.68 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1 H),8.59 (s, 1 H), 8.37 (s, 1 H), 8.05 (s, 1 H), 7.64 (dd, J = 9.2, 2.0 Hz,1 H), 7.56 (d, J = 9.6 Hz, 1 H), 4.49-4.54 (m, 1 H), 4.14- 4.19 (m, 2H), 3.53-3.62 (m, 2 H), 3.35-3.47 (m, 2 H), B 3.22 ES+ 368.2 2.01-2.11(m, 2 H), 1.42 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3 H) 170

(R)-N-(1- cyanopyrrolidin-3- yl)-6-(1,3-dimethyl- 1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-3-fluoroimidazo[1,2- a]pyridine-2- carboxamide 8.69 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1 H),8.22 (s, 1 H), 8.05 (s, 1 H), 7.58 (d, J = 9.6 Hz, 1 H), 7.47 (dd, J =9.6, 1.2 Hz, 1 H), 4.49- 4.54 (m, 1 H), 3.81 (s, 3 H), 3.53-3.63 (m, 2H), 3.35- 3.47 (m, 2 H), 2.34 (s, 3 H), 2.00-2.13 (m, 2 H) A 3.11 ES+368.1 171

(R)-N-(1- cyanopyrrolidin-3- yl)-6-(3,5- dimethylisoxazol-4- yl)-3-fluoroimidazo[1,2- a]pyridine-2- carboxamide 8.75 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1 H),8.42 (s, 1 H), 7.63 (d, J = 9.6 Hz, 1 H), 7.40 (dd, J = 10.4, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 4.50-4.55 (m, 1 H), 3.54-3.63 (m, 2 H), 3.36-3.47 (m, 2 H), 2.45 (s,3 H), 2.26 (s, 3 H), 2.00-2.14 (m, 2 H) B 3.34 ES+ 369.2

Example 172 (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3 yl)-2fluoro-4-(pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-5 yl)benzamide

Step a. To a solution of 3-fluoro-4-(methoxycarbonyl)phenyl)boronic acid(CAS Number 505083-04-5) (0.50 g, 2.50 mmol) in THF water (5:2, 14 ml)was added LiOH.H₂O (0.32 g, 7.57 mmol) at 0° C. The reaction mixture wasstirred at rt for 24 h then heated at 60° C. for 1 h. The resultingreaction mixture was cooled to rt and acidified using 1M HCl solution.The resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3×50 ml). The combinedorganic phase was dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated underreduced pressure yielding 4-borono-2-fluorobenzoic acid (0.42 g, 2.31mmol). LCMS: Method C, RT 1.32 min, MS: ES− 183.20; ¹H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 13.22 (s, 1H), 8.42 (s, 2H), 7.81 (t, J=7.60 Hz, 1H),7.65 (d, J=7.60 Hz, 1H), 7.59 (d, J=4.00 Hz, 1H)

Steps b-e. The title compound was synthesised from the intermediateabove using a procedure similar to that described for Example 3 toprovide the title compound. LCMS: Method A, RT 3.38 min, MS: ES+ 351.04;¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 8.27 (d, J=7.60 Hz, 1H), 8.82 (d, J=6.80Hz, 1H), 8.29 (d, J=2.40 Hz, 1H), 8.13-8.18 (m, 2H), 7.75-7.77 (m, 2H),6.83 (d, J=2.40 Hz, 1H), 4.47-4.49 (m, 1H), 3.63-3.67 (m, 1H), 3.40-3.56(m, 2H), 3.28-3.30 (m, 1H), 2.10-2.17 (m, 1H), 1.91-1.96 (m, 1H)

Example 173(R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-5-(4-fluorophenyl)picolinamide

Step a. To a solution of methyl 5-bromopicolinate (CAS Number29682-15-3) (1 g, 4.62 mmol) in THF (10 ml) were added DIPEA (1.79 g,13.9 mmol) and tert-butyl (R)-3-aminopyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (1.03 g,5.55 mmol) at rt followed by trimethylaluminium (2 M in toluene) (11.5ml, 2.34 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated at 70° C. for 2 h. Theresulting reaction mixture was poured into saturated NH₄Cl solution (150ml) and the mixture was filtered through celite hyflow. The celite bedwas washed with EtOAc (50 ml). The filtrate was extracted with EtOAc(3×100 ml). The combined organic phase was dried over Na₂SO₄, filteredand concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting residue waspurified by column chromatography (20% EtOAc in hexane) yieldingtert-butyl (R)-3-(5-bromopicolinamido) pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (1.2 g,3.24 mmol), LCMS: Method C, RT 2.34 min, MS: ES+ 314.18, 316.18 [M-56];¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 8.94 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 8.77-8.78 (m,1H), 8.26 (dd, J=2, 8 Hz, 1H), 7.96 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 4.42-4.45 (m,1H), 3.48-3.58 (m, 1H), 3.37-3.39 (m, 1H), 3.21-3.29 (m, 2H), 1.97-2.06(m, 2H), 1.40 (s, 9H)

Steps b-d. The title compound was synthesised from the intermediateabove using a procedure similar to that described for steps b-d ofExample 3 to provide the title compound. LCMS: Method A, RT 4.15 min,MS: ES+ 311.06; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 9.06 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H),8.94 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.28 (dd, J=2.4 Hz, 8.4 Hz, 1H), 8.09 (d, J=8.0Hz, 1H), 7.85-7.89 (m, 2H), 7.39 (t, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 4.53-4.57 (m, 1H),3.54-3.64 (m, 2H), 3.39-3.48 (m, 2H), 2.02-2.16 (m, 2H)

Example 174N-((cis)-1-cyano-2-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-5-(4-fluorophenyl)picolinamide

Synthesised as a racemic mixture using a procedure similar to thatdescribed for Example 2 using cis-3-amino-1-BOC-2-methylpyrrolidine (CASNumber 1374653-02-7) in step c. LCMS: Method A, RT 4.35 min, MS: ES+324.96; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 8.96 (s, 1H), 8.76 (d, J=8.0 Hz,1H), 8.29 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 8.11 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.85-7.89 (m, 2H),7.39 (t, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 4.54-4.59 (m, 1H), 3.82-3.87 (m, 1H), 3.63-3.68(m, 1H), 3.37-3.43 (m, 1H), 2.07-2.21 (m, 2H), 1.08 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 3H).

Example 1753-chloro-N-((trans)-1-cyano-4-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-4-morpholinobenzamide

Synthesised as a racemic mixture using a procedure similar to thatdescribed for Examples 69/70 using 3-chloro-4-morpholinobenzoic acid(CAS Number 26586-20-9) in step e. LCMS: Method B, RT 3.66 min, MS: ES+349.10; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 8.52 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.93 (d,J=2.0, 1H), 7.81 (dd, J=8.0, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.22 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H),4.09-4.14 (m, 1H), 3.75 (t, J=4.8, 4H), 3.63-3.72 (m, 2H), 3.21-3.25 (m,1H), 3.06-3.11 (m, 1H), 3.04 (t, J=4.4, 4H), 2.24-2.33 (m, 1H), 1.99 (d,J=6.8, 3H).

Example 176N-((trans)-1-cyano-4-fluoropyrrolidin-3-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-carboxamide

Step a. To a solution of 4-phenylbenzoic acid (0.110 g, 0.555 mmol) inTHF (5 ml) was added DIPEA (0.110 g, 0.852 mmol) and HATU (0.243 g,0.639 mmol) at rt and stirred for 30 min. Trans-tert-butyl3-amino-4-fluoropyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (CAS Number 1363382-79-9)(0.100 g, 0.427 mmol) was added to the reaction mixture. The resultingreaction mixture was stirred at rt for 1.5 h. The reaction mixture waspoured into saturated NaHCO₃ solution (20 ml) and extracted with EtOAc(2×25 ml). The combined organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄, filteredand concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue waspurified by flash chromatography (10% EtOAc in hexane) yieldingtrans-tert-butyl3-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-carboxamido)-4-fluoropyrrolidine-1-carboxylate(0.170 g, 0.443 mmol). LCMS: Method C, RT 2.52 min, MS: ES− 383.45; ¹HNMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 8.72 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 1H), 7.97 (d, J=7.2 Hz,2H), 7.73-7.82 (m, 4H), 7.48-7.52 (m, 2H), 7.40-7.43 (m, 1H), 4.52-4.54(m, 1H), 3.63-3.69 (m, 2H), 3.52-3.58 (m, 1H), 3.44-3.50 (m, 2H), 1.44(s, 9H).

Step b. A solution of trans-tert-butyl3-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-carboxamido)-4-fluoropyrrolidine-1-carboxylate(0.150 g, 0.390 mmol) in formic acid (7.5 ml) was prepared at rt. Theresulting reaction mixture was stirred at 50° C. for 3 h. The resultingreaction mixture was evaporated under reduced pressure. The obtainedmaterial was co-evaporated with DCM (2×30 ml) and dried under vacuumyielding trans-N-(4-fluoropyrrolidin-3-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-carboxamideformic salt (0.140 g, quantitative). LCMS: Method C, RT 1.83 min, MS:ES+ 285.22.

Step c. The title compound was synthesised from the intermediate aboveusing a procedure similar to that described for step c of Example 1.LCMS: Method H, RT 26.23 min, MS: ES+ 309.92; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆)δ ppm 8.75 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 1H), 7.97 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.97 (d, J=8.1 Hz,2H), 7.73-7.75 (m, 2H), 7.50 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.40-7.44 (m, 1H),5.12-5.24 (m, 1H), 4.54-4.61 (m, 1H), 3.82-3.89 (m, 1H), 3.65-3.76 (m,2H), 3.56-3.59 (m, 1H).

Example 177N-((cis)-1-cyano-4-cyclopropylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-fluoro-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzamide

Step a. A solution of tert-butyl6-oxa-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-3-carboxylate (CAS Number 114214-49-2)(1.00 g, 5.405 mmol) in THF (40 ml) was cooled to −30° C. and treatedwith copper(I) bromide methyl sulfide complex (0.221 g, 1.078 mmol). A0.5 M solution of cyclopropylmagnesium bromide in THF (41 ml, 20.5 mmol)was added dropwise to the reaction mixture at −30° C. The reactionmixture was allowed to warm to −10° C. and stirred for 1 h. Theresulting mixture was poured into saturated solution of NH₄Cl (500 ml)and extracted with EtOAc (2×70 ml). The combined organic layer was driedover Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. Theresulting residue was purified by column chromatography (30% EtOAc inhexane) yielding trans-tert-butyl3-cyclopropyl-4-hydroxypyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (1.70 g, 7.49 mmol).LCMS: Method A, RT 3.91 min, MS: ES+ 228.00; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δppm: 4.97 (d, J=4.0 Hz, 1H), 3.97-3.99 (m, 1H), 3.59-3.72 (m, 1H),3.35-3.47 (m, 2H), 3.02-3.07 (m, 2H), 1.37 (s, 9H), 0.55-0.60 (m, 1H),0.33-0.45 (m, 2H), 0.17-0.23 (m, 1H), 0.06-0.12 (m, 1H).

Step b. To a solution of trans-tert-butyl3-cyclopropyl-4-hydroxypyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (1.70 g, 7.49 mmol) inTHF (20 ml) was added NaH (60% dispersion in paraffin oil, 0.898 g,37.42 mmol) at rt. The reaction mixture was stirred at 50° C. for 1 h.The resulting reaction mixture was cooled to rt. A solution of p-toluenesulphonyl chloride (2.800 g, 14.74 mmol) in THF (10 ml) was addeddropwise to the reaction mixture and stirred for 16 h. The resultingreaction mixture was poured into water (500 ml) and extracted with EtOAc(2×100 ml). The combined organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄, filteredand concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue waspurified by flash chromatography (17% EtOAc in hexane) yieldingtrans-tert-butyl 3-cyclopropyl-4-(tosyloxy)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate(1.500 g, 3.94 mmol). LCMS: Method C, RT 2.65 min, MS: ES+ 326.30(M-56).

Step c. To a solution of trans-tert-butyl3-cyclopropyl-4-(tosyloxy)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (1.40 g, 3.67 mmol)in DMF (20 ml) was added NaN₃ (4.700 g, 72.31 mmol) at rt. The reactionmixture was heated at 60° C. for 16 h. The resulting reaction mixturewas cooled to rt and poured into cold water (400 ml). The resultingmixture was extracted with EtOAc (2×70 ml). The combined organic layerwas dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressureyielding cis-tert-butyl 3-azido-4-cyclopropylpyrrolidine-1-carboxylate(1.00 g, quantitative). This material was used directly for the nextstep without further purification.

Step d. To a solution of cis-tert-butyl3-azido-4-cyclopropylpyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (1.00 g, 3.97 mmol) inMeOH (20 ml) was added 10% Pd on carbon (dry) (1.00 g) at rt. Thereaction mixture was purged with hydrogen for 2 h. The resultingreaction mixture was carefully filtered through celite hyflow and theobtained filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure yieldingcis-tert-butyl 3-amino-4-cyclopropylpyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (0.570 g,2.52 mmol). LCMS: Method A, RT 3.75 min, MS: ES+ 227.00. This materialwas used directly for the next step without further purification.

Steps e-g. The title compound was synthesised from the intermediateabove using a procedure similar to that described for Example 1. LCMS:Method B, RT 3.64 min, MS: ES+ 354.60; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm8.56 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 8.24 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.98 (s, 1H), 7.84 (t,J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.72-7.78 (m, 2H), 4.64-4.68 (m, 1H), 3.91 (s, 3H),3.68-3.72 (m, 1H), 3.52-3.57 (m, 1H), 3.37-3.47 (m, 2H), 1.68-1.74 (m,1H), 0.69-0.85 (m, 1H), 0.39-0.42 (m, 2H), 0.35-0.38 (m, 2H).

Example 178N-((trans)-1-cyano-4-methoxypyrrolidin-3-yl)-N-methyl-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzamide

Step a. To a solution of ethyl 4-bromobenzoate (4.00 g, 17.47 mmol) in1,4-dioxane (10 ml) was added1-methyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole(CAS Number 761446-44-0) (5.44 g, 26.20 mmol) at rt. The resultingreaction mixture was degassed for 30 min before addition of Pd(PPh₃)₄(0.201 g, 0.174 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (4.82 g, 34.93 mmol) at rt. The reactionmixture was heated at 90° C. for 15 h. The resulting reaction mixturewas cooled to rt and poured into saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ (10 ml). Theresulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc (2×100 ml). The combinedorganic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated underreduced pressure yielding ethyl 4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl) benzoate(4.00 g, 17.39 mmol). LCMS: Method C, RT 2.124 min, MS: ES+ 231.10. Thismaterial was used directly for the next step without furtherpurification.

Step b. To a solution of ethyl 4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzoate(4.00 g, 17.39 mmol) in THF (25 ml) was added a solution of NaOH (1.40g, 35.0 mmol) in water (10 ml) at rt. The reaction mixture was heated at80° C. for 15 h. The resulting reaction mixture was cooled to rt andpoured into water (20 ml). The resulting mixture was extracted withEtOAc (100 ml). The resulting aqueous layer was acidified with diluteHCl solution. The obtained solids were filtered off and washed withwater (20 ml). The obtained solid material was dried under high vacuumyielding 4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl) benzoic acid (2.500 g, 12.376mmol). LCMS: Method C, RT 1.586, MS: ES+ 203.01. This material was useddirectly for the next step without further purification.

Step c. To a solution oftrans-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-4-(methylamino)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (CASNumber 203503-49-5) (0.800 g, 3.703 mmol) in THF (10 ml) was added4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzoic acid (0.90 g, 4.44 mmol), HATU (2.80g, 7.37 mmol) and DIPEA (2 ml, 11.11 mmol) at rt. The reaction mixturewas stirred at rt for 3 h. The resulting reaction mixture was pouredinto water (20 ml) and extracted with EtOAc (4×25 ml). The combinedorganic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated underreduced pressure. The resulting residue was purified by flashchromatography (10% MeOH in DCM) yielding trans-tert-butyl3-hydroxy-4-(N-methyl-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzamido)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate(0.170 g, 0.425 mmol). LCMS: Method C, RT 1.90 min, MS: ES+ 401.65.

Step d. To a solution of trans-tert-butyl3-hydroxy-4-(N-methyl-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzamido)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (0.250 g, 0.625 mmol) in DMF (3 ml)was added NaH (60% dispersion in paraffin oil, 0.061 g, 1.54 mmol) at 0°C. Methyl iodide (0.264 g, 1.86 mmol) was added to the reaction mixtureat 0° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 3 h. The resultingreaction mixture was poured into ice cold water (10 ml) and extractedwith EtOAc (2×50 ml). The combined organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄,filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting residuewas purified by flash chromatography (10% MeOH in DCM) yieldingtrans-tert-butyl3-methoxy-4-(N-methyl-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzamido)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate(0.250 g, 0.603 mmol). LCMS: Method C, RT 2.08 min, MS: ES+ 415.75.

Steps e, f. The title compound was synthesised from the intermediateabove using a procedure similar to that described for steps b, c ofExample 1. LCMS: Method A, RT 3.17 min, MS: ES+ 340.06; ¹H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 8.22 (s, 1H), 7.93 (s, 1H), 7.63 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.39(d, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 4.09-4.13 (m, 1H), 3.87 (s, 3H), 3.67-3.76 (m, 3H),3.54-3.58 (m, 1H), 3.42-3.45 (m, 1H), 3.28 (s, 3H), 2.91 (s, 3H).

Example 179(R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-5-(1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)picolinamide

Synthesised using a procedure similar to that described for Example 173.LCMS: Method A, RT 3.01 min, MS: ES+ 311.06; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δppm 8.96 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 8.72 (s, 1H), 8.15 (s, 1H), 8.02 (s, 2H),4.51-4.54 (m, 1H), 3.82 (s, 3H), 3.53-3.64 (m, 2H), 3.38-3.48 (m, 2H),2.35 (s, 3H), 2.03-2.13 (m, 2H)

Example 180(R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-5-(2-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)picolinamide

Step a. To a solution of tert-butyl (R)-3-(5-bromopicolinamido)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (0.5 g, 1.35 mmol) (prepared according to themethod described for Example 173 step a) in THF (15 ml) was addedbis(pinacolato)diboron (0.51 g, 2.02 mmol) at rt. CH₃COOK (0.26 g, 2.70mmol) and X-Phos (0.064 g, 0.13 mmol) were added to the reaction mixtureat rt. The reaction mixture was degassed with N₂ for 15 min beforeadding Pd₂(dba)₃ (0.062 g, 0.067 mmol). The reaction mixture and heatedat 90° C. for 6 h. The resulting mixture was poured into water (200 ml)and extracted with EtOAc (3×50 ml). The combined organic phase waswashed with brine (200 ml) and dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered andconcentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purifiedby column chromatography (10% MeOH in DCM) yielding tert-butyl(R)-3-(5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)picolinamido)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate(0.2 g, 0.19 mmol). LCMS: Method A, RT 2.10 min, MS: ES+336.07.

Steps b-d. The title compound was synthesised from the intermediateabove using a procedure similar to that described for steps b-d ofExample 3 to provide the title compound. LCMS: Method B, RT 4.03 min,MS: ES+ 377.12; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 9.49 (s, 1H), 9.18 (d,J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 8.86 (dd, J=2.0 Hz, 8.4 Hz, 1H), 8.59 (s, 1H), 8.22 (d,J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 4.55-4.59 (m, 1H), 3.55-3.66 (m, 2H), 3.41-3.49 (m, 2H),2.84 (s, 3H), 2.04-2.18 (m, 2H)

Example 181(R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-4-(2,6-dimethylpyrimidin-4-yl)-2-fluorobenzamide

Step a. To a solution of 4-bromo-2-fluorobenzoic acid (35.0 g, 159.81mmol) in THF (800 ml) was added DIPEA (82.4 ml, 479 mmol) at 0° C. HATU(91.1 g, 240 mmol) was added to the reaction mixture at 0° C. Thereaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 45 min. Tert-butyl(R)-3-aminopyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (29.7 g, 160 mmol) was addeddropwise to the reaction mixture at 0° C. The resulting reaction mixturewas stirred for 15 min at 0° C. and then at rt for 2 h. The resultingmixture was poured into water (1500 ml) and extracted with EtOAc (3×500ml). The combined organic phase was dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered andconcentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purifiedby column chromatography (35% EtOAc in hexane) yielding tert-butyl(R)-3-(4-bromo-2-fluorobenzamido)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (50.50 g, 130mmol). LCMS: Method C, RT 2.37 min, MS: ES+ 387.23; ¹H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 8.65 (d, J=6.80 Hz, 1H), 7.65-7.67 (m, 1H), 7.48-7.54 (m,2H), 4.36-4.39 (m, 1H), 3.47-3.56 (m, 1H), 3.30-3.40 (m, 2H), 3.14-3.18(m, 1H), 2.05-2.08 (m, 1H), 1.83-1.86 (m, 1H), 1.45 (s, 9H).

Step b. A solution of tert-butyl(R)-3-(4-bromo-2-fluorobenzamido)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (2.75 g, 8.33mmol) in DMF (10 ml) was added bis(pinacolato)diboron (2.53 g, 9.99mmol) at rt followed by CH₃COOK (2.55 g, 26.0 mmol). The resultingreaction mixture was degassed for 10 min. Pd(dppf)Cl₂.CH₂Cl₂ (0.34 g,0.41 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was heated at 100° C. for6.5 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to rt. The resulting reactionmixture was poured into ice cold water (125 ml) and extracted with DCM(4×25 ml). The combined organic phase was dried over Na₂SO₄, filteredand concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting residue wasdiluted with water (1200 ml) and extracted with DCM (4×100 ml). Thecombined organic phase was dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentratedunder reduced pressure yielding tert-butyl(R)-3-(2-fluoro-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzamido)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate(2.20 g, 5.07 mmol). This material was used directly for the next stepwithout further purification. LCMS: Method C, RT 1.93 min, MS: ES+353.30

Step c. To a solution of tert-butyl(R)-3-(2-fluoro-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzamido)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate(0.250 g, 0.576 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane:water (8:2, 10 ml) were added K₂CO₃(0.238 g, 1.724 mmol) followed by 4-chloro-2,6-dimethylpyrimidine (CASNumber 4472-45-1) (0.082 g, 0.576 mmol) at rt. The reaction mixture wasdegassed for 30 min. PdCl₂(dppf) (0.042 g, 0.057 mmol) was added to thereaction mixture at rt. The reaction mixture was heated at 100° C. for 3h. The resulting reaction mixture was cooled to rt and concentratedunder reduced pressure. The resulting reaction mixture was poured intowater (25 ml) and extracted with EtOAc (2×25 ml). The combined organicphase was dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reducedpressure. The obtained residue was purified by flash chromatography (70%EtOAc in hexane) yielding tert-butyl(R)-3-(4-(2,6-dimethylpyrimidin-4-yl)-2-fluorobenzamido)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate(0.110 g, 0.265 mmol). LCMS: Method C, 2.18, MS: ES+ 415.38

Steps d, e. The title compound was synthesised from the intermediateabove using a procedure similar to that described for steps c, d ofExample 3. LCMS: Method B, RT 3.64 min, MS: ES+ 340.10; ¹H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 8.79 (d, J=6.80 Hz, 1H), 8.06-8.12 (m, 2H), 7.91 (s, 1H),7.71-7.75 (m, 1H), 4.46-4.50 (m, 1H), 3.63-3.67 (m, 1H), 3.44-3.56 (m,2H), 3.27-3.32 (m, 1H), 2.66 (s, 3H), 2.51 (s, 3H), 2.12-2.17 (m, 1H),1.91-1.96 (m, 1H).

Compounds in Table 9 were synthesised using a procedure similar to thatdescribed for Example 181.

TABLE 9 ¹H NMR LCMS LCMS Ex R Name (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm Method RT(min) MS 182

(R)-N-(1- cyanopyrrolidin-3- yl)-2-fluoro-4-(5- fluoro-2-methylpyrimidin-4- yl)benzamide 8.90 (d, J = 3.2 Hz, 1 H), 8.84 (d, J =6.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.89-7.95 (m, 2 H), 7.77 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1 H), 4.47-4.49(m, 1 H), 3.63- 3.67 (m, 1 H), 3.34-3.53 (m, 3 H), 2.71 (s, 3 H),2.12-2.17 (m, 1 H), 1.91-1.95 (m, 1 H) B 3.46 ES+ 344.26 183

(R)-N-(1- cyanopyrrolidin-3- yl)-2-fluoro-4-(2- (trifluoromethyl)pyri-midin-4- yl)benzamide 9.19-9.21 (m, 1 H), 8.86- 8.89 (m, 1 H), 8.52-8.53(m, 1 H), 8.20-8.21 (m, 2 H), 7.79-7.81 (m, 1 H), 4.47- 4.50 (m, 1H),3.66-3.67 (m, 1 H), 3.42-3.51 (m, 3 H), 2.14- 2.17 (m, 1 H), 1.91-1.97(m, 1 H) B 3.94 ES+ 380.11 184

(R)-N-(1- cyanopyrrolidin-3- yl)-2-fluoro-4-(2- methyl-3H- pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4- yl)benzamide 12.12 (s, 1 H), 8.80 (d, J = 6.4 Hz, 1 H),8.08 (dd, J = 1.6 Hz, 8.0 Hz, 1 H), 7.99 (dd, J = 1.6 Hz, 11.6 Hz, 1 H),7.77 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1 H), 7.62 (d, J = 2.8 Hz, 1 H), 6.86 (d, J = 3.2Hz, 1 H), 4.48-4.52 (m, 1 H), 3.64- 3.68 (m, 1 H), 3.45-3.57 (m, 2 H),3.33-3.37 (m, 1 H), A 3.17 ES+ 365.01 2.72 (s, 3 H), 2.11-2.20 (m, 1 H),1.92-1.97 (m, 1 H) 185

(R)-N-(1- cyanopyrrolidin-3- yl)-2-fluoro-4- (imidazo[1,2- a]pyrazin-3-yl)benzamide 9.19 (d, J = 1.2 Hz, 1 H), 8.78 (d, J = 6.4 Hz, 1 H), 8.70(dd, J = 4.8, 1.6 Hz, 1 H), 8.21 (s, 1 H), 8.00 (d, J = 4.8 Hz, 1 H),7.68-7.79 (m, 3 H), 4.45- 4.52 (m, 1 H), 3.63-3.67 (m, 1 H), 3.44-3.56(m, 2 H), B 2.89 ES+ 351.31 3.26-3.33 (m, 1 H), 2.10- 2.19 (m, 1 H),1.90-1.98 (m, 1 H)

Example 186(R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-fluoro-5-(pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-5-yl)picolinamide

Synthesised using a procedure similar to that described for Example 181,using 5-bromo-3-fluoropicolinic acid (CAS Number 669066-91-5) in step aand 5-chloropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (CAS Number 29274-24-6) in step c.LCMS: Method A, RT 3.19 min, MS: ES+ 352.10; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δppm 9.36 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 9.30 (s, 1H), 9.13 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 8.63(dd, J=1.6 Hz, 11.6 Hz, 1H), 8.34 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.85 (d, J=7.6 Hz,1H), 6.89-6.90 (m, 1H), 4.51-4.53 (m, 1H), 3.63-3.67 (m, 1H), 3.53-3.57(m, 1H), 3.38-3.46 (m, 1H), 3.36-3.38 (m, 1H), 2.13-2.18 (m, 1H),1.99-2.02 (m, 1H)

Example 187(R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-fluoro-5-(imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-6-yl)picolinamide

Synthesised using a procedure similar to that described for Example 186.LCMS: Method A, RT 3.02 min, MS: ES+ 351.04; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δppm 9.19 (s, 1H), 9.02 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 1H), 8.88 (s, 1H), 8.29 (d, J=12.8Hz, 1H), 8.00 (s, 1H), 7.73 (s, 2H), 7.67 (s, 1H), 4.05-4.54 (m, 1H),3.63-3.67 (m, 1H), 3.46-3.58 (m, 2H), 3.36-3.38 (m, 1H), 2.12-2.33 (m,1H), 1.97-2.04 (m, 1H)

Example 188(R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-methoxy-3-phenylazetidine-1-carboxamide

Step a. To a solution of tert-butyl 3-oxoazetidine-1-carboxylate (CASNumber 398489-26-4) (10 g, 58.41 mmol) in THF (100 ml) was added phenylmagnesium bromide (1 M in THF) (64.2 ml, 64.25 mmol) at 0° C. Thereaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 2 h and then at rt for 16 h.The reaction mixture was poured into a saturated solution of NH₄Cl (150ml) and extracted with EtOAc (3×30 ml). The combined organic layer waswashed with water (2×50 ml), brine (2×50 ml), dried over Na₂SO₄,filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting residuewas purified by column chromatography (20% EtOAc in hexane) yieldingtert-butyl 3-hydroxy-3-phenylazetidine-1-carboxylate (11.92 g, 47.8mmol). LCMS: Method C, RT 2.22 min, MS: ES+ 194.1 [M-56], ¹H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 7.49 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 7.38 (t, J=8 Hz, 2H),7.27-7.31 (m, 1H), 6.33 (s, 1H), 4.03 (s, 4H), 1.41 (s, 9H)

Step b. To a solution of tert-butyl3-hydroxy-3-phenylazetidine-1-carboxylate (1 g, 4.01 mmol) in MeCN (40ml) was added NaH (60% dispersion in paraffin oil, 0.3 g, 7.63 mmol) atrt. The reaction mixture was stirred at it for 30 min. A solution ofmethyl iodide (0.75 g, 5.28 mmol) in McCN (5 ml) was added dropwise tothe reaction mixture at rt and stirred for 4 h. The resulting mixturewas poured into water (20 ml) and extracted with EtOAc (3×20 ml). Thecombined organic phase was washed with brine (2×20 ml), dried overNa₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure yieldingtert-butyl 3-methoxy-3-phenylazetidine-1-carboxylate (1.13 g, 4.29mmol). LCMS: Method C, RT 2.39 min, MS: ES+ 208.01 [M-56], ¹H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 7.34-7.50 (m, 5H), 4.03-4.11 (m, 4H), 2.96 (s, 1H),1.39 (s, 9H)

Step c. To a solution of tert-butyl3-methoxy-3-phenylazetidine-1-carboxylate (1.12 g, 4.24 mmol) in1,4-dioxane (10 ml) was added 4 M HCl in 1,4-dioxane (10 ml) dropwise atrt. The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 3 h. The resultingreaction mixture was evaporated under reduced pressure and the obtainedresidue was triturated with n-pentane (20 ml), diethyl ether (20 ml) anddried under vacuum to yield 3-methoxy-3-phenylazetidine HCl salt (0.7 g,3.5 mmol). LCMS: Method C, RT 1.50 min, MS: ES+ 164.04

Steps d-f. The title compound was synthesised from the intermediateabove using a procedure similar to that described for Example 89. LCMS:Method B, RT 3.38 min, MS: ES+ 301.20; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm7.34-7.46 (m, 5H), 6.65 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 1H), 4.14 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 1H),4.02-4.07 (m, 4H), 3.44-3.52 (m, 2H), 3.45-3.40 (m, 1H), 3.13-3.16 (m,1H), 2.98 (s, 3H), 1.95-2.07 (m, 1H), 1.75-1.83 (m, 1H).

Example 189(R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-N-methyl-3-phenylazetidine-1-carboxamide

Step a. A solution of phenylboronic acid (0.65 g, 5.33 mmol) in IPA (4.5ml) was prepared in a microwaveable glass tube. NiI₂ (0.05 g, 0.15 mmol)and trans-2-aminocyclohexanol hydrochloride (0.024 g, 0.15 mmol) wereadded to the reaction mixture at it. Sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide (1M in THF) (5.3 ml, 5.28 mmol) was added dropwise to the reaction mixtureat rt. N—BOC-3-iodoazetidine (CAS Number 254454-54-1) (0.75 g, 2.65mmol) was added, the glass tube was sealed and the reaction mixture wassubjected to microwave heating at 80° C. for 50 min. The reactionmixture was cooled to rt and evaporated under reduced pressure to yielda black residue. The resulting residue was purified by columnchromatography (6% EtOAc in hexane) yielding tert-butyl3-phenylazetidine-1-carboxylate (1.3 g, 5.57 mmol). LCMS: Method C, RT2.47 min, MS: ES+ 234.4

Step b. To a solution of tert-butyl 3-phenylazetidine-1-carboxylate (1.2g, 5.15 mmol) in DCM was added TFA (3.6 ml) at 0° C. The reactionmixture was stirred at rt for 3 h. The resulting reaction mixture wasevaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was azcotropicallydistilled with diethyl ether (10 ml) and dried under vacuum to yield3-phenylazetidine TFA salt (0.3 g, 1.21 mmol). This material was useddirectly for the next step without further purification. LCMS: Method C,RT 1.08 min, MS: ES+ 134.19

Steps c-e. The title compound was synthesised from the intermediateabove using a procedure similar to that described for Example 89 toprovide the title compound. LCMS: Method A, RT 3.88 min, MS: ES+ 285.18;¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 7.34-7.38 (m, 4H), 7.24-7.27 (m, 1H),4.59-4.63 (m, 1H), 4.26-4.32 (m, 2H), 3.85-3.91 (m, 2H), 3.75-3.79 (m,1H), 3.44-3.53 (m, 2H), 3.25-3.40 (m, 2H), 3.71 (s, 3H), 1.91-2.01 (m,2H).

Example 190(R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)azetidine-1-carboxamide

Synthesised using a procedure similar to that described for steps a, bof Example 189, using 4-methoxyphenylboronic acid, followed by steps a-cof Example 5. LCMS: Method A, RT 3.44 min, MS: ES+ 301.08; ¹H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 7.25 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 6.91 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 6.56(d, J=6.4 Hz, 1H), 4.12-4.20 (m, 3H), 3.74 (s, 3H), 3.53-3.73 (m, 3H),3.45-3.53 (m, 2H), 3.37-3.41 (m, 1H), 3.13-3.17 (m, 1H), 1.96-2.04 (m,1H), 1.77-1.83 (m, 1H).

Example 191(R)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)azetidine-1-carboxamide

Synthesised using a procedure similar to that described for steps a, bof Example 189, using 4-chlorophenylboronic acid, followed by steps a-cof Example 5. LCMS: Method A, RT 3.86 min, MS: ES+ 304.94; ¹H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 7.36-7.43 (m, 4H), 6.59 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 1H), 4.12-4.22(m, 3H), 3.73-3.79 (m, 3H), 3.45-3.77 (m, 2H), 3.34-3.41 (m, 1H),3.13-3.17 (m, 1H), 1.98-2.03 (m, 1H), 1.78-1.82 (m, 1H).

Example 192(R)-3-(3-chlorophenyl)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)azetidine-1-carboxamide

Synthesised using a procedure similar to that described for steps a, bof Example 189, using 3-chlorophenylboronic acid, followed by steps a-cof Example 5. LCMS: Method B, RT 3.75 min, MS: ES+ 305.22; ¹H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 7.38-7.41 (m, 2H), 7.32 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 6.58 (d,J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 4.13-4.20 (m, 3H), 3.77-3.78 (m, 3H), 3.45-3.53 (m, 2H),3.35-3.39 (m, 1H), 3.13-3.17 (m, 1H), 1.96-2.09 (m, 1H), 1.77-1.83 (m,1H).

Example 193(3aR,6aR)-1-(3-phenylazetidine-1-carbonyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-5(1H)-carbonitrile

Synthesised using a procedure similar to that described for Example 189.LCMS: Method A, RT 3.82 min, MS: ES+ 297.09; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δppm 7.35-7.39 (m, 4H), 7.24-7.28 (m, 1H), 4.35-4.40 (m, 1H) 4.20-4.27(m, 2H), 3.92-3.96 (m, 1H), 3.76-3.86 (m, 3H), 3.50-3.55 (m, 2H),3.37-3.42 (m, 2H), 3.16-3.23 (m, 1H), 2.87-2.89 (m, 1H), 1.74-1.78 (m,1H), 1.74-1.78 (m, 1H).

Example 194(R)-1-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-1-methyl-3-(4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)phenyl)urea

Step a. To a mixture of 4-bromoaniline (3 g, 17.4 mmol) in DMF:water(8:2) (60 ml) were added1-methyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole(CAS Number 761446-44-0) (3.62 g, 17.4 mmol) and Na₂CO₃ (3.69 g, 34.8mmol) at rt. The reaction mixture was degassed with N₂ for 10 min beforeadding PdCl₂(dppf) (1.27 g, 1.74 mmol). The resulting reaction mixturewas heated at 110° C. for 2.5 h. The resulting reaction mixture waspoured into cold water (300 ml) and extracted with EtOAc (3×300 ml). Thecombined organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentratedunder reduced pressure to yield 4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)aniline (1.8g, 10.39 mmol). LCMS: Method A, RT 2.84 min, MS: ES+ 173.97, ¹H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 7.85 (s, 1H), 7.63 (s, 1H), 7.20 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H),6.54 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 5.01 (s, 2H), 3.81 (s, 3H).

Step b. To a solution of 4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)aniline (0.5 g,2.89 mmol) in DCM (10 ml) were added pyridine (0.69 ml, 8.67 mmol) and4-nitrophenyl chloroformate (0.057 g, 4.33 mmol) at rt. The reactionmixture was stirred at rt for 2 h.(R)-3-(Methylamino)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (0.693g, 3.46 mmol) was added to the reaction mixture at rt and stirred for afurther 16 h. The resulting reaction mixture was poured into cold water(100 ml) and extracted with DCM (3×100 ml). The combined organic layerwas washed with 1% citric acid (1×100 ml), brine (100 ml), dried overNa₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to yieldtert-butyl(R)-3-(1-methyl-3-(4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)phenyl)ureido)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate(0.6 g, 1.50 mmol). LCMS: Method C, RT 2.07 min, MS: ES+400.40.

Steps c, d. The title compound was synthesised from the intermediateabove using a procedure similar to that described for steps b, c ofExample 5 to provide the title compound. LCMS: Method A, RT 3.14 min,MS: ES+ 325.03; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 8.35 (s, 1H), 8.02 (s,1H), 7.77 (s, 1H), 7.41-7.46 (m, 4H), 4.88-4.92 (m, 1H), 3.84 (s, 3H),3.50-3.56 (m, 2H), 3.35-3.39 (m, 1H), 3.27-3.31 (m, 1H), 2.88 (s, 3H),1.94-2.03 (m, 2H).

Example 195(R)-1-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-1-methyl-3-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)urea

Synthesised using a procedure similar to that described for steps b-d ofExample 194. LCMS: Method A, RT 4.14 min, MS: ES+ 312.99; ¹H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 8.75 (s, 1H), 7.69 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 7.59 (d, J=8.4Hz, 2H), 4.84-4.92 (m, 1H), 3.51-3.57 (m, 2H), 3.42-3.49 (m, 1H),3.31-3.34 (m, 1H), 2.90 (s, 3H), 1.92-2.08 (m, 2H).

Example 196(3aR,6aR)—N-(4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-5-cyanohexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-1(2H)-carboxamide

Step a. To a solution of 4-chloro-2-fluoroaniline (CAS Number57946-56-2) (0.500 g, 3.434 mmol) in chloroform (10 ml) was added DIPEA(0.891 g, 6.906 mmol) at 0° C. 4-Nitrophenyl chloroformate (0.831 g,4.122 mmol) was added portion wise to the reaction mixture at 0° C. Thereaction mixture was heated to 60° C. for 2.5 h. The resulting reactionmixture was cooled to rt and poured into water (70 ml). The resultingmixture was extracted with DCM (3×40 ml). The combined organic phase wasdried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. Theresulting residue was purified by flash chromatography (11% EtOAc inhexane) yielding 4-nitrophenyl (4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl) carbamate(0.230 g, 0.740 mmol).

Step b. To a solution of 4-nitrophenyl (4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)carbamate (0.220 g, 0.709 mmol) in pyridine (10 ml) was added tert-butyl(3aR,6aR)-hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-5(1H)-carboxylate (CAS Number370882-39-6) (0.181 g, 0.852 mmol) at rt. The reaction mixture washeated to 130° C. for 8 h. The resulting reaction mixture was cooled tort and poured into water (100 ml). The resulting mixture was extractedwith EtOAc (3×50 ml). The combined organic phase was washed withsaturated citric acid (2×50 ml), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered andconcentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purifiedby flash chromatography (43% EtOAc in hexane) yielding tert-butyl(3aR,6aR)-1-((4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)carbamoyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-5(1H)-carboxylate(0.097 g, 0.252 mmol). LCMS: Method C, 2.263, MS: ES− 382.59.

Steps c, d. The title compound was synthesised from the intermediateabove using a procedure similar to that described for steps b, c ofExample 5 to provide the title compound. LCMS: Method B, RT 3.59 min,MS: ES+ 309.42; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm 8.15 (s, 1H), 7.52 (t,J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.42 (dd, J=2.4 Hz, 10.4 Hz, 1H), 7.20-7.23 (m, 1H),4.31-4.34 (m, 1H), 3.50-3.57 (m, 4H), 3.39-3.42 (m, 1H), 3.23-3.27 (m,1H), 2.93-2.98 (m, 1H), 2.01-2.08 (m, 1H), 1.79-1.84 (m, 1H).

Compounds in Table 10 were synthesised using a procedure similar togeneral method E as exemplified by either Example 5, Example 89 orExample 196.

TABLE 10 Syn- LCMS thetic ¹H NMR: LCMS RT Ex R Name method (400 MHz,DMSO-d₆) δ ppm Method (min) MS 197

(3aR,6aR)-5-cyano-N-(2-fluoro- 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4- b]pyrrole-1(2H)-carboxamide Ex- ample 5 8.20 (s, 1H), 7.60 (t, J = 8.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.41 (dd, J = 10.8, 2.4 Hz, 1 H), 7.19(d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1 H), 4.34 (t, J = 5.6 Hz, 1 H), 3.51-3.60 (m, 4 H),3.40-3.43 (m, 1 H), 3.24-3.28 (m, 1 H), A 4.27 ES+ 358.80 2.94-3.00 (m,1 H), 2.06-2.09 (m, 1 H), 1.78-1.91 (m, 1 H) 198

(3aR,6aR)-5-cyano-N-(4- cyano-2-fluorophenyl)hexa- hydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-1(2H)-carboxamide Ex- ample 89 8.37 (s, 1 H), 7.82-7.89 (m, 2H), 7.60-7.63 (m, 1 H), 4.36 (t, J = 5.2 Hz, 1 H), 3.51-3.61 (m, 4 H),3.41-3.44 (m, 1 H), 3.24- 3.27 (m, 1 H), 2.95-2.98 (m, 1 H), 1.99-2.07(m, 1 H), 1.79-1.84 (m, 1 H) A 3.45 ES+ 298.10 199

(3aR,6aR)-5-cyano-N-(4- cyano-2,5-difluorophenyl)hexa- hydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-1(2H)-carboxamide Ex- ample 89 8.55 (s, 1 H), 7.90-7.98 (m,2 H), 4.36-4.40 (m, 1 H), 3.51- 3.63 (m, 4 H), 3.38-3.44 (m, 1 H),3.20-3.30 (m, 1 H), 2.95-2.97 (m, 1 H), 1.99-2.18 (m, 1 H), 1.77-1.95(m, 1 H) A 3.76 ES+ 317.90 200

(3aR,6aR)-N-(5-chloro-2-fluoro- phenyl)-5-cyano-hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole- 1(2H)-carboxamide Ex- ample 89 8.15 (s,1 H), 7.68 (dd, J = 7.6, 2.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.24-7.29 (m, 1 H), 7.14-7.18 (m,1 H), 4.35 (t, J = 5.6 Hz, 1 H), 3.51-3.58 (m, 4 H), 3.41-3.44 (m, 1 H),3.22-3.29 (m, 1 H), 2.95-2.97 (m, 1 H), 1.99-2.07 (m, 1 H), 1.79-1.84(m, 1 H) B 3.64 ES− 307.06 201

(3aR,6aR)-5-cyano-N-(2-fluoro- 5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)hexa-hydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole- 1(2H)-carboxamide Ex- ample 89 8.30 (s, 1H), 7.99 (d, J = 6.4 Hz, 1 H), 7.43-7.48 (m, 2 H), 4.35 (t, J = 5.6 Hz,1 H), 3.51-3.60 (m, 4 H), 3.43-3.46 (m, 1 H), 3.24-3.28 (m, 1 H),2.96-2.98 (m, 1 H), 2.03-2.08 (m, 1 H), 1.80-1.85 (m, 1 H) A 4.22 ES+342.90 202

(3aR,6aR)-5-cyano-N-(5-phenyl- pyridin-2-yl)hexahydro- pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-1(2H)-carboxamide Ex- ample 89 9.02 (s, 1 H), 8.57 (d, J = 2Hz, 1 H), 8.03 (dd, J = 8.8, J = 2.4 Hz, 1 H), 7.96 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.68-7.70 (m, 2 H), 7.45- 7.49 (m, 2 H), 7.37 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 1 H),4.41-4.43 (m, 1 H), 3.51-3.64 (m, 4 H), 3.41-3.44 (m, 1 H), 3.23-3.27(m, 1 H), 2.93-2.97 (m, 1 H), 1.99-2.08 (m, 1 H), 1.79-1.83 (m, 1 H) A4.11 ES+ 334.07 203

(3aR,6aR)-5-cyano-N-(4- (trifluoromethyl)-phenyl)-hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole- 1(2H)-carboxamide Ex- ample 196 8.66 (s,1 H), 7.74 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.59 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 2 H), 4.36-4.39 (m,1 H), 3.52-3.61 (m, 4 H), 3.40-3.43 (m, 1 H), 3.24-3.28 (m, 1 H),2.93-2.97 (m, 1 H), 2.00-2.08 (m, 1 H), 1.81-1.87 (m, 1 H) A 4.18 ES+324.90

Example 204(R)-1-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-1-ethyl-3-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)urea

Step a. To a solution of tert-butyl(S)-3-hydroxypyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (1 g, 5.34 mmol) in DCM (2.5 ml)was added TEA (1.8 ml, 13.3 mmol) at 0° C. followed by mesylchloride(0.62 ml, 8.01 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 1.5 h.The resulting mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to yieldtert-butyl (S)-3-((methylsulfonyl)oxy)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (1.5 g,quantitative). This material was used directly for the next step withoutfurther purification. LCMS: Method C, RT 2.05 min, MS: ES+ 266.2

Step b. A mixture of tert-butyl (S)-3-hydroxypyrrolidine-1-carboxylate(0.5 g, 1.88 mmol) in aqueous ethylamine (70% in water) (10 ml) washeated at 90° C. for 16 h. The resulting mixture was concentrated underreduced pressure. The obtained residue was azeotropically distilled withdiethyl ether (3×5 ml) and dried under high vacuum to yield tert-butyl(R)-3-(ethylamino)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (0.3 g, 1.39 mmol). LCMS:Method C, RT 1.54 min, MS: ES+ 215.29

Steps c-e. The title compound was synthesised from the intermediateabove using a procedure similar to that described for steps b-d ofExample 194 to provide the title compound. LCMS: Method A, RT 4.42 min,MS: ES+ 327.15; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 8.67 (s, 1H), 7.70 (d,J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 7.59 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 4.61-4.65 (m, 1H), 3.52-3.57 (m,2H), 3.31-3.43 (m, 3H), 3.26-3.31 (m, 1H), 2.00-2.08 (m, 2H), 1.08 (t,J1=6.8, 3H).

Example 2051-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-1-(2-methoxyethyl)-3-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)urea

Synthesised using a procedure similar to that described for Example 89using tert-butyl 3-((2-methoxyethyl)amino)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (CASNumber 887587-33-9) in step a. LCMS: Method A, RT 4.66 min, MS: ES+357.03; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 8.91 (s, 1H), 7.54 (d, J=8.4 Hz,2H), 7.43 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 4.83-4.87 (m, 1H), 3.57-3.79 (m, 4H), 3.56(s, 3H), 3.37-3.53 (m, 3H), 3.28-3.32 (m, 1H), 2.19-2.25 (m, 1H),1.97-2.05 (m, 1H).

Example 206(R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-N-ethyl-3-fluoro-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzamide

Synthesised using a procedure similar to that described for Example 63using tert-butyl (R)-3-(ethylamino)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (describedin the synthesis of Example 204) in step b. LCMS: Method A, RT 3.53 min,MS: ES+ 342.06; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 8.19 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H),7.94 (s, 1H), 7.78 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.30 (dd, J=11.6, 1.6 Hz, 1H),7.21 (dd, J=8.0, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 4.39-4.43 (m, 1H), 3.90 (s, 3H), 3.51-3.59(m, 2H), 3.41-3.47 (m, 2H), 3.28-3.33 (m, 2H), 2.01-2.15 (m, 2H),1.04-1.10 (m, 3H).

Example 207(R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-N-ethyl-3-phenylazetidine-1-carboxamide

Synthesised using a procedure similar to that described for Example 189using tert-butyl (R)-3-(ethylamino)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (describedin the synthesis of Example 204) in step c. LCMS: Method A, RT 4.07 min,MS: ES+ 299.08; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ ppm 7.33-7.41 (m, 4H),7.29-7.31 (m, 1H), 4.38-4.46 (m, 3H), 4.02-4.06 (m, 2H), 3.77-3.81 (m,1H), 3.58-3.64 (m, 2H), 3.36-3.47 (m, 2H), 3.17-3.20 (m, 2H), 2.11-2.15(m, 2H), 1.18-1.21 (m, 3H).

Example 208(R)-3-(2-oxo-3-(4-phenylthiazol-2-yl)imidazolidin-1-yl)pyrrolidine-1-carbonitrile

Step a. To a stirred solution of (R)-3-amino-1N—BOC-pyrrolidine (1.0 g,5.376 mmol) and DIPEA (1.04 g, 8.06 mmol) in THF (15 ml) was addedtriphosgene (0.526 g, 1.774 mmol) at 0° C. The reaction mixture wasstirred at 0° C. for 2 h. 4-Phenylthiazol-2-amine (0.95 g, 5.376 mmol)was added to the reaction mixture at rt. The reaction mixture was heatedat 60° C. for 16 h. The resulting reaction mixture was cooled to rt,quickly poured into water (50 ml) and extracted with EtOAc (2×20 ml).The combined organic phase was separated, dried over Na₂SO₄, filteredand concentrated under reduced pressure yielding tert-butyl(R)-3-(3-(4-phenylthiazol-2-yl)urcido)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (1.0 g,2.58 mmol). This material was used directly for the next step withoutfurther purification. LCMS: Method C, RT 2.51 min, MS: ES+ 389.4

Step b. To a stirred solution of tert-butyl(R)-3-(3-(4-phenylthiazol-2-yl)ureido)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (0.5 g,1.29 mmol) in DMF (10 ml) was added K₂CO₃ (0.71 g, 5.15 mmol) at rt. Thereaction mixture was stirred at rt for 15 min before adding1,2-dibromoethane (0.29 g, 1.55 mmol). The reaction mixture was heatedat 100° C. for 2 h. The resulting reaction mixture was cooled to rt,quickly poured into water (50 ml) and extracted with EtOAc (2×20 ml).The combined organic phase was separated, dried over Na₂SO₄, filteredand concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting residue waspurified by column chromatography (35% EtOAc in hexane) yieldingtert-butyl(R)-3-(2-oxo-3-(4-phenylthiazol-2-yl)imidazolidin-1-yl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate(0.07 g, 0.169 mmol). LCMS: Method C, RT 2.80 min, MS: ES+ 415.4

Steps c, d. The title compound was synthesised from the intermediateabove using a procedure similar to that described for steps b, c ofExample 5 to provide the title compound. LCMS: Method B, RT 4.47 min,MS: ES+ 340.28; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 7.89 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 2H),7.56 (s, 1H), 7.41 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.30 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 4.90-4.52(m, 1H), 4.07-4.12 (m, 2H), 3.61-3.65 (m, 2H), 3.41-3.58 (m, 4H),2.05-2.13 (m, 2H).

Example 209(R)-3-(2-oxo-3-(4-phenylthiazol-2-yl)tetrahydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)pyrrolidine-1-carbonitrile

Synthesised using a procedure similar to that described for Example 208.LCMS: Method B, RT 4.74 min, MS: ES+ 354.31; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δppm 7.90 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 7.54 (s, 1H), 7.39 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 2H), 7.28(t, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 4.99-5.03 (m, 1H), 4.08-4.20 (m, 2H), 3.50-3.57 (m,2H), 3.35-3.43 (m, 4H), 1.98-2.09 (m, 4H).

Example 210(R)-3-(3-(3-morpholinophenyl)-2-oxoimidazolidin-1-yl)pyrrolidine-1-carbonitrile

Step a. To a stirred solution of (R)-3-amino-1N—BOC-pyrrolidine (1.0 g,5.37 mmol) in THF (12 ml) was added 2-chloroethyl isocyanate (CAS Number1943-83-5) (0.57 g, 5.37 mmol) at 0° C. The reaction mixture was stirredat rt for 1.5 h. NaH (60% dispersion in paraffin oil, 0.645 g, 16.12mmol) was added to the reaction mixture at 0° C. The reaction mixturewas heated to 50° C. for 16 h. The resulting reaction mixture was cooledto rt, quickly poured into water (50 ml) and extracted with EtOAc (4×50ml). The combined organic phase was separated, dried over Na₂SO₄,filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting residuewas purified by flash chromatography using (8-9% MeOH in DCM) yieldingtert-butyl (R)-3-(2-oxoimidazolidin-1-yl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (1.03g, 4.062 mmol). LCMS: Method C, RT 1.67 min, MS: ES+ 256.32

Step b. To a stirred solution of tert-butyl(R)-3-(2-oxoimidazolidin-1-yl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (0.2 g, 0.829mmol) and 4-(3-bromophenyl)morpholine (CAS Number 197846-82-5) (0.21 g,0.83 mmol) in toluene (7 ml) was added Cs₂CO₃ (0.81 g, 2.49 mmol) at rt.The reaction mixture was degassed for 30 min before addition of Pd(OAc)₂(0.019 g, 0.083 mmol) and BINAP (0.103 g, 0.166 mmol). The reactionmixture was heated at 90° C. for 10 h. The resulting reaction mixturewas cooled and combined with two other batches prepared on the samescale by an identical method. Excess of solvent was distilled undervacuum and the resulting residue was purified by flash chromatography(54% EtOAc in hexane) yielding tert-butyl(R)-3-(3-(3-morpholinophenyl)-2-oxoimidazolidin-1-yl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate(0.267 g, 0.461 mmol). LCMS: Method C, RT 2.22 min, MS: ES+ 417.70

Steps c, d. The title compound was synthesised from the intermediateabove using a procedure similar to that described for steps b, c ofExample 5 to provide the title compound. LCMS: Method B, RT 3.33 min,MS: ES+ 342.58; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 7.23 (s, 1H), 7.15 (t,J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.94 (dd, J=1.2 Hz, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.61 (dd, J=2.0 Hz, 8.4Hz, 1H), 4.42-4.49 (m, 1H), 3.72-3.81 (m, 6H), 3.34-3.56 (m, 6H), 3.07(t, J=6.8 Hz, 4H), 1.97-2.12 (m, 2H).

Example 211(R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-4-(pyrimidin-2-yl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[b][1,4]oxazine-7-carboxamide

Step a. To a stirred solution of methyl3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[b][1,4]oxazine-7-carboxylate (CAS Number142166-00-5) (0.7 g, 3.38 mmol) in THF (14 ml) was added borane dimethylsulphide complex (0.513 g, 6.76 mmol) at 0° C. under nitrogen. Thereaction mixture was heated at 60° C. for 3 h. The reaction mixture wascooled to rt. MeOH (2 ml) was added slowly to the reaction mixture at 0°C. and the resulting reaction mixture was heated at 60° C. for 10 min.The excess of solvent was distilled under vacuum. The crude material waspurified using flash chromatography The resulting residue was purifiedby flash chromatography (20% EtOAc in hexane) yielding methyl3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[b][1,4]oxazine-7-carboxylate (0.55 g, 2.85 mmol).LCMS: Method C, RT 1.96 min, MS: ES+ 194.1

Step b. To a stirred solution of methyl3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[b][1,4]oxazine-7-carboxylate (0.44 g, 2.28 mmol)and 2-chloropyrimidine (0.782 g, 6.83 mmol) in DMF (13.2 ml) was addedCs₂CO₃ (2.23 g, 6.83 mmol) at rt under nitrogen atmosphere. The reactionmixture was degassed for 15 min at rt before addition of Pd₂(dba)₃(0.021 g, 0.023 mmol) and xantphos (0.04 g, 0.683 mmol). The reactionmixture was heated to 140° C. for 15 h. The resulting reaction mixturewas cooled to rt, poured into water (100 ml) and extracted with EtOAc(3×50 ml). The combined organic phase was separated, dried over Na₂SO₄,filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting residuewas purified by flash chromatography (10% EtOAc in hexane) yieldingmethyl4-(pyrimidin-2-yl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[b][1,4]oxazine-7-carboxylate(0.29 g, 1.07 mmol). LCMS: Method C, RT 2.25 min, MS: ES+ 272.18

Step c. To a stirred solution of methyl4-(pyrimidin-2-yl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[b][1,4]oxazine-7-carboxylate(0.29 g, 1.07 mmol), (R)-3-amino-1N—BOC-pyrrolidine (0.22 g, 1.18 mmol)and DIPEA (0.276 g, 2.14 mmol) in THF (5.8 ml) was added 2 M TMA intoluene (2.67 ml, 5.34 mmol) at 0° C. The reaction mixture was heated to80° C. for 2 h. The resulting reaction mixture was cooled to rt andquickly poured into a mixture of EtOAc: water (1:1, 100 ml). Thereaction mixture was filtered through a celite bed, the organic phasewas separated and aqueous phase was re-extracted using EtOAc (2×25 ml).The combined organic phase was washed with brine (25 ml), separated,dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. Theresulting residue was purified by column chromatography (70% EtOAc inhexane) yielding tert-butyl(R)-3-(4-(pyrimidin-2-yl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[b][1,4]oxazine-7-carboxamido)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate(0.28 g, 0.66 mmol). LCMS: Method C, RT 2.19 min, MS: ES+ 426.28

Steps d, e. The title compound was synthesised from the intermediateabove using a procedure similar to that described for steps d, e ofExample 2 to provide the title compound. LCMS: Method A, RT 3.38 min,MS: ES+ 351.11; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 8.58 (d, J=4.4 Hz, 2H),8.47 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 1H), 8.13 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.37-7.43 (m, 2H), 6.99(t, J=4.8 Hz, 1H), 4.43-4.47 (m, 1H), 4.30-4.32 (m, 2H), 4.20-4.22 (m,2H), 3.60-3.64 (m, 1H), 3.52-3.56 (m, 1H), 3.42-3.47 (m, 1H), 3.28-3.32(m, 1H), 2.08-2.13 (m, 1H), 1.93-1.96 (m, 1H).

Example 212(R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-4-(4-cyclopropylpyrimidin-2-yl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[b][1,4]oxazine-7-carboxamide

Step a. To a stirred solution of 2,4-dichloropyrimidine (4.0 g, 26.85mmol) and cyclopropylboronic acid (2.54 g, 29.54 mmol) in THF (80 ml)was added K₃PO₄ (14.25 g, 67.13 mmol) at rt. The reaction mixture wasdegassed for 15 min at rt before addition of Pd(dppf)Cl₂ (1.965 g, 2.68mmol). The reaction mixture was heated at 90° C. for 2 h. The reactionmixture was cooled to rt, quickly poured into water (150 ml) andextracted using EtOAc (3×100 ml). The combined organic phase was washedwith brine (100 ml), separated, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered andconcentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purifiedby column chromatography (20% EtOAc in hexane) yielding2-chloro-4-cyclopropylpyrimidine (1.0 g, 6.47 mmol). LCMS: Method C, RT2.01 min, MS: ES+ 155.15

Steps b-e. The title compound was synthesised from the intermediateabove using a procedure similar to that described for steps b-e ofExample 211 to provide the title compound. LCMS: Method A, RT 4.22 min,MS: ES+ 391.16; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 8.45 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H),8.35 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 1H), 8.10 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.37-7.41 (m, 2H), 6.94(d, J=5.2 Hz, 1H), 4.44-4.46 (m, 1H), 4.27-4.29 (m, 2H), 4.15-4.18 (m,2H), 3.60-3.64 (m, 1H), 3.52-3.56 (m, 1H), 3.41-3.47 (m, 1H), 3.28-3.31(m, 1H), 2.03-2.13 (m, 2H), 1.93-1.97 (m, 1H), 1.00 (s, 4H).

Example 213(R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-4-((4-cyclopropylpyrimidin-2-yl)amino)-3-fluorobenzamide

Synthesised using a procedure similar to that described for Example 91using 2-chloro-4-cyclopropylpyrimidine (as described for Example 212) instep b. LCMS: Method B, RT 3.90 min, MS: ES+ 367.23; ¹H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 9.06 (s, 1H), 8.54 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 1H), 8.26 (d, J=5.2 Hz,1H), 8.04 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.68-7.72 (m, 2H), 6.88 (d, J=5.2 Hz, 1H),4.45-4.49 (m, 1H), 3.62-3.66 (m, 1H), 3.53-3.59 (m, 1H), 3.42-3.48 (m,1H), 3.30-3.31 (m, 1H), 2.10-2.15 (m, 1H), 1.92-2.03 (m, 2H), 1.01-1.03(m, 4H).

Example 214(R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-4-((4-cyclopropylpyrimidin-2-yl)amino)-2,3-difluorobenzamide

Synthesised using a procedure similar to that described for Example 91using 2-chloro-4-cyclopropylpyrimidine (as described for Example 212) instep b. LCMS: Method A, RT 4.12 min, MS: ES+ 385.11; ¹H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 9.35 (s, 1H), 8.65 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 1H), 8.27 (d, J=5.2 Hz,1H), 7.70-7.74 (m, 1H), 7.33-7.37 (m, 1H), 6.89 (d, J=5.2 Hz, 1H),4.43-4.47 (m, 1H), 3.61-3.65 (m, 1H), 3.43-3.55 (m, 2H), 3.27-3.31 (m,1H), 2.08-2.14 (m, 1H), 1.89-2.04 (m, 2H), 0.97-1.05 (m, 4H).

Example 215(R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-4-(N-methylisobutyramido)picolinamide

Steps a, b. Following a procedure similar to that described for steps a,b of Example 62, using methyl 4-aminopicolinate (CAS Number 71469-93-7)in step a, to provide methyl 4-(N-methylisobutyramido) picolinate. LCMS:Method C, RT 1.72 min, MS: ES+ 237.00. This material was used directlyfor the next step without further purification.

Step c. To a solution of methyl 4-(N-methylisobutyramido)picolinate(0.150 g, 0.635 mmol) in THF (10 ml) was added DIPEA (0.06 ml, 0.317mmol) at rt. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0° C. Trimethylaluminumsolution (2M in toluene) (1.5 ml, 3.177 mmol) was added to the reactionmixture. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 30 min and thentreated with (R)-3-amino-1N—BOC-pyrrolidine (0.118 g, 0.633 mmol). Thereaction mixture was heated at 90° C. for 2 h. The resulting reactionmixture was cooled to rt and poured into saturated aqueous NaHCO₃solution (50 ml) and extracted with EtOAc (3×50 ml). The combinedorganic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated underreduced pressure yielding tert-butyl (R)-3-(4-(N-methylisobutyramido)picolinamido)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (0.220 g, 0.564 mmol). LCMS:Method C, RT 2.097 min, MS: ES+ 391.50. This material was used directlyfor the next step without further purification.

Steps d, e. The title compound was synthesised from the intermediateabove using a procedure similar to that described for steps b, c ofExample 1. LCMS: Method B, RT 3.07 min, MS: ES+ 316.10; 1H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 9.08 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 1H), 8.66 (d, J=5.4 Hz, 1H), 7.97 (d,J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.62-7.64 (m, 1H), 4.51-4.55 (m, 1H), 3.50-3.63 (m, 2H),3.38-3.47 (m, 2H), 3.30 (s, 3H), 2.74-2.78 (m, 1H), 1.99-2.16 (m, 2H),1.01 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 6H).

Example 216(R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-[2,3′-bipyridine]-6′-carboxamide

Step a. To a solution of methyl 5-bromopicolinate (CAS Number29682-15-3) (0.500 g, 2.314 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (10 ml) was added2-(tributylstannyl)pyridine (CAS Number 17997-47-6) (1.00 g, 2.717 mmol)at rt. The reaction mixture was degassed for 10 min before addition ofPd(PPh₃)₄ (0.132 g, 0.114 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated at 110°C. for 16 h. The resulting reaction mixture was poured into water (70ml) and extracted with EtOAc (2×70 ml). The combined organic layer wasdried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressureyielding methyl [2,3′-bipyridine]-6′-carboxylate (0.300 g, 1.401 mmol).LCMS: Method C, RT 1.75 min, MS: ES+ 215.19. This material was useddirectly for the next step without further purification.

Steps b-e. The title compound was synthesised from the intermediateabove using a procedure similar to that described for steps b-e ofExample 2. LCMS: Method C, RT 1.76 min, MS: ES+ 294.32; ¹H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 9.33-9.34 (m, 1H), 9.13 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 8.75-8.77 (m,1H), 8.64 (dd, J=8.0, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.14-8.17 (m, 2H), 7.96-8.01 (m, 1H),7.47-7.50 (m, 1H), 4.54-4.58 (m, 1H), 3.55-3.65 (m, 2H), 3.40-3.48 (m,2H), 2.03-2.17 (m, 2H).

Example 217(R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-[2,4′-bipyridine]-2′-carboxamide

Synthesised using a procedure similar to that described for Example 216using methyl 4-bromopicolinate (CAS Number 29681-42-3) in step a. LCMS:Method B, RT 3.17 min, MS: ES+ 294.33; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm9.11 (d, J=3.2 Hz, 1H), 8.78-8.79 (m, 2H), 8.71 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 1H), 8.29(dd, J=5.2, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 8.20 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.98-8.03 (m, 1H),7.52-7.55 (m, 1H), 4.54-4.62 (m, 1H), 3.59-3.64 (m, 1H), 3.55-3.59 (m,1H), 3.34-3.49 (m, 2H), 2.12-2.19 (m, 1H), 2.02-2.11 (m, 1H).

Example 218(R)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)isoxazole-5-carboxamide

Step a. To a solution of propiolic acid (0.800 g, 11.4 mmol) in THF (20ml) was added DIPEA (6.00 ml, 35.1 mmol) and HATU (6.500 g, 17.105mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 30 min and then cooledto 0° C. The reaction mixture was treated with(R)-3-amino-1N—BOC-pyrrolidine (2.120 g, 11.4 mmol) and then stirred atrt for 15 h. The resulting reaction mixture was poured into saturatedNaHCO₃ solution (50 ml) and extracted with EtOAc (3×30 ml). The combinedorganic layer was washed with brine (2×50 ml), dried over Na₂SO₄,filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure yielding tert-butyl(R)-3-propiolamidopyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (2.200 g, 9.24 mmol). LCMS:Method C, RT 1.88 min, MS: ES+ 239.40. This material was used directlyfor the next step without further purification.

Step b. To a solution of 4-chlorobenzaldehyde (5.000 g, 35.5 mmol) inEtOH (50 ml) was added NH₂OH.HCl (2.500 g, 36.0 mmol) at rt. A solutionof NaOH (4.300 g, 407 mmol) in water (30 ml) was added to the reactionmixture at rt. The reaction mixture was refluxed for 2 h. The resultingreaction mixture was cooled to rt and acidified using diluted HClsolution to adjust pH ˜3-4. The resulting precipitates were collected byfiltration and washed with water (200 ml). The resulting solid materialwas dissolved in EtOAc (100 ml) and washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃solution (3×50 ml). The combined organic layer was washed with brine(2×70 ml), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reducedpressure yielding (E)-4-chlorobenzaldehyde oxime (4.6 g, 29.49 mmol).LCMS: Method C, RT 2.06 min, MS: ES+ 155.90; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δppm 11.36 (s, 1H), 8.15 (s, 1H), 7.61 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.45-7.52 (m,2H). This material was used directly for the next step without furtherpurification.

Steps c, d. To a solution of (E)-4-chlorobenzaldehyde oxime (0.700 g,4.49 mmol) in DCM (20 ml) was added N-chlorosuccinamide (0.900 g, 6.77mmol) at 0° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 15 h. Thereaction mixture was then cooled to 0° C. TEA (1.2 ml, 9.032 mmol) wasadded to the reaction mixture and stirred for 5 min. Tert-butyl(R)-3-propiolamidopyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (1.300 g, 5.46 mmol) wasadded to the reaction mixture at 0° C. The reaction mixture was stirredat rt for 15 h. The resulting reaction mixture was poured into water(100 ml) and extracted with DCM (3×30 ml). The combined organic layerwas washed with brine (2×40 ml), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered andconcentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purifiedby flash chromatography (12-15% EtOAc in hexane) yielding tert-butyl(R)-3-(3-(4-chlorophenyl) isoxazole-5-carboxamido)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (0.400 g, 1.023 mmol). LCMS: Method C, RT 2.51min, MS: ES− 390.70.

Steps e, f. The title compound was synthesised from the intermediateabove using a procedure similar to that described for steps b, c ofExample 1. LCMS: Method A, RT 4.30 min, MS: ES+ 316.91; ¹H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 9.30 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 7.95-7.98 (m, 2H), 7.71 (s, 1H),7.61-7.64 (m, 2H), 4.46-4.53 (m, 1H), 3.63-3.67 (m, 1H), 3.53-3.59 (m,1H), 3.43-3.49 (m, 1H), 3.34-3.38 (m, 1H), 2.10-2.19 (m, 1H), 1.94-2.02(m, 1H).

Example 219(R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)isoxazole-5-carboxamide

Synthesised using a procedure similar to that described for Example 218using 4-(trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde in step a. LCMS: Method A, RT 4.48min, MS: ES+ 350.91; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 9.35 (d, J=6.4 Hz,1H), 8.17 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.93 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.80 (s, 1H),4.47-4.54 (m, 1H), 3.63-3.67 (m, 1H), 3.53-3.59 (m, 1H), 3.42-3.49 (m,1H), 3.34-3.39 (m, 1H), 2.11-2.19 (m, 1H), 1.94-2.02 (m, 1H).

Example 220(R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)isoxazole-5-carboxamide

Synthesised using a procedure similar to that described for Example 218using 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde in step a. LCMS: Method A, RT 3.56 min,MS: ES+ 343.12; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 9.24 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H),7.67 (s, 1H), 7.48-7.51 (dd, J=8, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.45-7.46 (d, J=2.0 Hz,1H), 7.10 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 4.48-4.52 (m, 1H), 3.85 (s, 3H), 3.83 (s,3H), 3.63-3.67 (m, 1H), 3.53-3.59 (i, 1H), 3.45-3.49 (m, 1H), 3.34-3.38(m, 1H), 2.10-2.19 (m, 1H), 1.94-2.02 (m, 1H).

Example 221(R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-(3-methoxyphenyl)isoxazole-5-carboxamide

Synthesised using a procedure similar to that described for Example 218using 3-methoxybenzaldehyde in step a. LCMS: Method B, RT 3.76 min, MS:ES+ 313.46; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 9.30 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 1H), 7.72(s, 1H), 7.44-7.52 (m, 3H), 7.09-7.12 (m, 1H), 4.48-4.52 (m, 1H), 3.84(s, 3H), 3.63-3.67 (m, 1H), 3.53-3.59 (m, 1H), 3.43-3.49 (m, 1H),3.34-3.37 (m, 1H), 2.12-2.17 (m, 1H), 1.95-2.00 (m, 1H).

Example 222N—((R)-1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-1-phenylpyrrolidine-3-carboxamide

Step a. To a solution of 2-methylenesuccinic acid (CAS Number 97-65-4)(5.000 g, 38.5 mmol) in water (70 ml) was added aniline (3.000 g, 32.3mmol) at rt. The reaction mixture was heated at 110° C. for 30 h. Theresulting reaction mixture was allowed to cool to rt and basified using1M NaOH solution (100 ml). The obtained mixture was stirred for 10 minat rt. The resulting precipitates were filtered and the resultingfiltrate was acidified using concentrated HCl. The obtained precipitateswere collected by filtration and air dried yielding5-oxo-1-phenylpyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid (2.000 g, 9.76 mmol). LCMS:Method C, RT 1.70 min, MS: ES+ 206.18; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm12.78 (s, 1H), 7.63-7.66 (m, 2H), 7.36-7.40 (m, 2H), 7.15 (t, J=7.2 Hz,1H), 4.03-4.08 (m, 1H), 3.95-3.99 (m, 1H), 3.32-3.39 (m, 1H), 2.67-2.82(m, 2H).

Step b. To a solution of 5-oxo-1-phenylpyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid(1.000 g, 4.88 mmol) in MeOH (10 ml) was slowly added SOCl₂ (0.658 g,5.82 mmol) at 0° C. over a period of 30 min. The reaction mixture wasstirred at rt for 1 h. The resulting reaction mixture was concentratedunder reduced pressure yielding methyl5-oxo-1-phenylpyrrolidine-3-carboxylate (0.900 g, 4.11 mmol). LCMS:Method C, 1.90 min, MS: ES+ 220.50. This material was used directly forthe next step without further purification.

Step c. To a solution of 5-oxo-1-phenylpyrrolidine-3-carboxylate (1.500g, 6.85 mmol) in THF (40 ml) was added 9-BBN (0.5 M in THF) (15 ml, 7.50mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 16 h. The resultingreaction mixture was evaporated under reduced pressure and purified byflash chromatography (40% EtOAc in hexane) yielding methyl1-phenylpyrrolidine-3-carboxylate (0.640 g, 3.12 mmol). LCMS: Method C,RT 2.44 min. MS: ES+ 205.90.

Steps d-g. The title compound was synthesised from the intermediateabove using a procedure similar to that described for steps b-e ofExample 2. LCMS: Method B, RT 3.55 min, MS: ES+ 285.28; ¹H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 8.36 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 7.15 (t, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 6.59 (t,J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 6.52 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 4.23-4.27 (m, 1H), 3.37-3.55 (m,4H), 3.24-3.32 (m, 3H), 3.14-3.22 (m, 1H), 3.03-3.09 (m, 1H), 2.01-2.17(m, 3H), 1.75-1.82 (m, 1H).

Example 223(R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-fluoro-4-(4-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzamide

Step a. To a solution of 3,4-difluorobenzaldehyde (1.000 g, 7.04 mmol)in DMF (10 ml) was added 4-methyl-1H-imidazole (0.580 g, 7.07 mmol) andK₂CO₃ (1.200 g, 8.70 mmol) at rt. The reaction mixture was heated at110° C. for 16 h. The resulting reaction mixture was cooled to rt andpoured into saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ solution (150 ml). The resultingmixture was extracted with EtOAc (3×50 ml). The combined organic phasewas dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure.The resulting residue was purified by column chromatography (30-50%EtOAc in hexane) yielding3-fluoro-4-(4-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzaldehyde (1.300 g, 6.37 mmol).LCMS: Method C, RT 1.38 min, MS: ES+ 205.19; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δppm 10.02 (s, 1H), 8.07 (s, 1H), 7.96 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.89-7.92 (m,2H), 7.40 (s, 1H), 2.18 (s, 3H).

Step b. To a solution of3-fluoro-4-(4-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzaldehyde (1.300 g, 6.37 mmol)in MeOH: water (7:1, 16 ml) was added KOH (1.420 g, 25.36 mmol) at rt.The reaction mixture was heated at 65° C. A solution of H₂O₂ (30% w/w inwater) (5.60 ml, 49.41 mmol) was slowly added to the reaction mixture at65° C. and stirred for 16 h. The resulting reaction mixture was cooledto rt and concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting mixture waspoured into water (200 ml), acidified using 1 M HCl solution andextracted with EtOAc (100 ml). The combined organic phase was dried overNa₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure yielding3-fluoro-4-(4-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl) benzaldehyde (0.550 g, 2.50mmol). LCMS: Method C, RT 1.25 min, MS: ES+ 221.19. This material wasused directly for the next step without further purification.

Steps c-e. The title compound was synthesised from the intermediateabove using a procedure similar to that described for Example 1. LCMS:Method A, RT 3.12 min, MS: ES+ 313.98; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm8.78 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 8.01 (s, 1H), 7.92-7.96 (dd, J=12.0, 1.6 Hz,1H), 7.83-7.85 (m, 1H), 7.74-7.78 (m, 1H), 7.36 (s, 1H), 4.47-4.50 (m,1H), 3.63-3.67 (m, 1H), 3.53-3.59 (m, 1H), 3.45-3.49 (m, 1H), 3.32-3.33(m, 1H), 2.18 (s, 3H), 2.08-2.16 (m, 1H), 1.93-2.00 (m, 1H).

Example 224(R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-fluoro-N-methyl-4-(4-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzamide

Synthesised using a procedure similar to that described for Example 223using 1-N—BOC-(3R)-3-(methylamino)pyrrolidine in step c. LCMS: Method A,RT 3.10 min, MS: ES+ 328.02; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 7.97 (s,1H), 7.69 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.55-7.62 (m, 1H), 7.34-7.42 (m, 1H), 7.32(s, 1H), 4.32-4.37 (m, 1H), 3.52-3.54 (m, 2H), 3.44-3.47 (m, 2H), 2.89(s, 3H), 2.18 (s, 3H), 2.02-2.09 (m, 2H).

Example 225N—((R)-1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-(pyridin-2-yl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxamide

Step a. To a solution of 2-vinylpyridine (CAS Number 100-69-6) (5.000 g,47.62 mmol) in DCM (30 ml) was added TFA (0.542 g, 4.75 mmol). Thereaction mixture was stirred at rt for 5 min and then treated dropwisewith a solution ofN-benzyl-1-methoxy-N-((trimethylsilyl)methyl)methanamine (CAS Number93102-05-7) (16.92 g, 71.39 mmol) in DCM (30 ml) over a period of 45min. The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 16 h. The reactionmixture was poured into saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ solution (250 ml) andextracted with DCM (3×100 ml). The combined organic phase was dried overNa₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure yielding2-(1-benzylpyrrolidin-3-yl)pyridine (8.00 g, 33.61 mmol). LCMS: MethodC, RT 1.52 min, MS: ES+ 239.25. This material was used directly for thenext step without further purification.

Step b. To a solution of 2-(1-benzylpyrrolidin-3-yl)pyridine (5.00 g,21.01 mmol) in EtOH (50 ml) was added 20% Pd(OH)₂ on carbon (50%moisture content) (2.50 g) at rt. Polymethylhydroxylsilane (5.00 ml) wasadded to the reaction mixture at rt over a period of 10 min. Theresulting reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 1 h before addition ofBOC anhydride (9.150 g, 41.97 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred atrt for 16 h. The resulting reaction mixture was filtered through acelite bed and washed with MeOH (50 ml). The combined filtrate wasconcentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purifiedby column chromatography (10% EtOAc in hexane) yielding tert-butyl3-(pyridin-2-yl) pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (2.50 g, 10.08 mmol). LCMS:Method C, RT 1.84 min, MS: ES+ 249.40.

Step c. To a solution of tert-butyl3-(pyridin-2-yl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (0.500 g, 2.016 mmol) in DCM(4 ml) was added TFA (0.459 g, 4.03 mmol) at rt. The reaction mixturewas stirred at rt for 2 h. The resulting reaction mixture was evaporatedunder reduced pressure. The resulting residue was co evaporated with DCM(3×10 ml) and dried under high vacuum yielding2-(pyrrolidin-3-yl)pyridine TFA salt (0.260 g, 0.984 mmol). MS: ES+149.0. This material was used directly for the next step without furtherpurification.

Steps d-f. The title compound was synthesised from the intermediateabove using a procedure similar to that described for Example 5. LCMS:Method A, RT 2.84 min, MS: ES+ 285.98; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm8.51 (d, J=4.0 Hz, 1H), 7.72-7.77 (m, 1H), 7.34 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H),7.24-7.27 (m, 1H), 6.24 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 1H), 4.09-4.18 (m, 1H), 3.68-3.73(m, 1H), 3.47-3.57 (m, 4H), 3.36-3.45 (m, 1H), 3.27-3.31 (m, 1H),3.16-3.19 (m, 2H), 2.19-2.25 (m, 1H), 1.95-2.11 (m, 2H), 1.80-1.88 (m,1H).

Example 226N—((R)-1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxamide

Synthesised using a procedure similar to that described for Example 5using 1-methyl-4-(pyrrolidin-3-yl)-1H-pyrazole (CAS Number 1211542-11-8)in step a. LCMS: Method H, RT 13.27 min, MS: ES+ 289.07; ¹H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 7.54 (s, 1H), 7.31 (s, 1H), 6.18 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 1H),4.11-4.14 (m, 1H), 3.78 (s, 3H), 3.60-3.64 (m, 1H), 3.45-3.52 (m, 2H),3.36-3.41 (m, 2H), 3.21-3.28 (m, 1H), 3.15-3.18 (m, 2H), 3.04-3.08 (m,1H), 2.12-2.14 (m, 1H), 1.95-2.02 (m, 1H), 1.77-1.87 (m, 2H).

Example 227(R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-(2-methoxypyridin-4-yl)-N-methylisoxazole-5-carboxamide

Step a. To a solution of 2-methoxyisonicotinaldehyde (CAS Number72716-87-1) (0.500 g, 3.65 mmol) in MeOH (7 ml) was added NH₂OH.HCl(0.503 g, 7.29 mmol) at rt. The reaction mixture was heated at 70° C.for 1 h. The resulting reaction mixture was concentrated under reducedpressure yielding (E)-2-methoxyisonicotinaldehyde oxime (1.20 g,quantitative). LCMS: Method A, RT 2.54 min, MS: ES+ 152.91. Thismaterial was used directly for the next step without furtherpurification.

Step b. To a solution of (E)-2-methoxyisonicotinaldehyde oxime (0.600 g,3.95 mmol) in DMF (7 ml) was added N-chlorosuccinamide (0.787 g, 5.92mmol) at 0° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 3 h.1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (0.900 g, 5.92 mmol) and methylpropiolate (0.500 g, 5.95 mmol) were added to reaction mixture andstirred at rt for 16 h. The resulting mixture was poured into cold water(150 ml) and extracted with EtOAc (2×100 ml). The combined organic layerwas washed with brine (100 ml), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered andconcentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purifiedby flash chromatography (70% EtOAc in hexane) yielding methyl3-(2-methoxypyridin-4-yl) isoxazole-5-carboxylate (0.330 g, 1.410 mmol).LCMS: Method C, RT 2.17 min, MS: ES+ 235.25.

Steps c-f. The title compound was synthesised from the intermediateabove using a procedure similar to that described for steps b-e ofExample 2. LCMS: Method A, RT 3.68 min, MS: ES+ 328.02; ¹H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d₆, 80° C.) δ ppm 8.34 (d, J=5.2 Hz, 1H), 7.59 (s, 1H), 7.50 (dd,J=5.6, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.34 (s, 1H), 4.50-5.10 (m, 1H), 3.94 (s, 3H),3.56-3.65 (m, 2H), 3.41-3.51 (m, 2H), 3.04 (s, 3H), 2.10-2.23 (m, 2H).

Example 228(R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-fluoro-4-(N-methylphenylsulfonamido)benzamide

Step a. A mixture of methyl 4-amino-2-fluorobenzoate (0.300 g, 1.77mmol) and ethyl formate (10 ml) was heated at 80° C. for 16 h. Theresulting reaction mixture was cooled to rt and concentrated underreduced pressure yielding methyl 2-fluoro-4-formamidobenzoate (0.332 g,1.685 mmol). LCMS: Method C, RT 1.79 min, MS: ES− 196.12.

Step b. To a solution of methyl 2-fluoro-4-formamidobenzoate (0.332 g,1.68 mmol) in THF (5 ml) was added 1 M solution of BH₃.THF complex inTHF (8.42 ml, 8.43 mmol) at 0° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at rtfor 16 h. The resulting reaction mixture was cooled to 0° C. andacidified with 10% HCl in MeOH (5 ml). The reaction mixture was heatedat 50° C. for 1 h. The resulting reaction mixture was cooled to 0° C.and basified using saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ solution. The resultingreaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtainedresidue was poured into water (30 ml) and extracted with EtOAc (2×20ml). The combined organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered andconcentrated under reduced pressure yielding methyl2-fluoro-4-(methylamino) benzoate (0.331 g, quantitative). LCMS: MethodC, RT 2.031 min. MS: ES+ 184.06. This material was used directly for thenext step without further purification.

Step c. To a solution of methyl 2-fluoro-4-(methylamino)benzoate (0.331g, 1.81 mmol) in pyridine (3 ml) was added benzenesulphonyl chloride(0.383 g, 2.17 mmol) at 0° C. and stirred for 1 h. The resultingreaction mixture was poured into saturated aqueous citric acid solution(20 ml) and extracted with EtOAc (30 ml). The organic layer was washedwith saturated aqueous citric acid solution (2×20 ml). The organic layerwas washed with brine (20 ml), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered andconcentrated under reduced pressure yielding methyl2-fluoro-4-(N-methylphenylsulfonamido) benzoate (0.506 g, 1.56 mmol).LCMS: Method C, RT 2.36 min, MS: ES+ 324.19. This material was useddirectly for the next step without further purification.

Steps d-g. The title compound was synthesised from the intermediateabove using a procedure similar to that described for steps b-e ofExample 2. LCMS: Method A, RT 4.00 min, MS: ES+ 402.94; ¹H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 8.68 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 1H), 7.72-7.75 (m, 1H), 7.53-7.64 (m,5H), 7.09-7.15 (m, 2H), 4.41-4.45 (m, 1H), 3.60-3.64 (m, 1H), 3.42-3.53(m, 2H), 3.26-3.29 (m, 1H), 3.17 (s, 3H), 2.06-2.15 (m, 1H), 1.87-1.93(m, 1H).

Example 229(R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-1-methyl-6-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide

Step a. To a solution of 6-bromo-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid (CAS Number16732-65-3) (0.249 g, 1.04 mmol) in THF (8 ml) was added DIPEA (0.402 g,3.112 mmol) and HATU (0.394 g, 1.04 mmol) at rt. The reaction mixturewas stirred at it for 10 min. A solution of(R)-3-amino-1N—BOC-pyrrolidine (CAS Number 147081-49-0) (0.193 g, 1.03mmol) in THF (2 ml) was added dropwise to the reaction mixture at rt.The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 1 h. The resulting reactionmixture was poured into water (50 ml) and extracted with DCM (2×25 ml).The combined organic layer was washed with brine (20 ml), dried overNa₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The resultingresidue was purified by flash chromatography (40% EtOAc in hexane)yielding tert-butyl (R)-3-(6-bromo-1H-indole-2-carboxamido)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (0.400 g, 0.980 mmol). LCMS: Method C, RT 2.24min, MS: ES+ 408.50, 410.50.

Step b. To a solution of tert-butyl(R)-3-(6-bromo-1-methyl-1H-indole-2-carboxamido)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate(0.460 g, 1.130 mmol) in DMF (10 ml) was added Cs₂CO₃ (0.730 g, 2.239mmol) and methyl iodide (0.320 g, 2.254 mmol). The reaction mixture washeated at 100° C. for 2.5 h. The resulting reaction mixture was cooledto rt and poured into water (150 ml). The resulting mixture wasextracted with DCM (2×25 ml). The combined organic phase was washed withbrine (25 ml), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated underreduced pressure yielding tert-butyl(R)-3-(6-bromo-1-methyl-1H-indole-2-carboxamido)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (0.400 g, 0.95 mmol). LCMS: Method C, RT 2.61min, MS: ES+ 422.30, 424.30. This material was used directly for thenext step without further purification.

Steps c-e. The title compound was synthesised from the intermediateabove using a procedure similar to that described for steps b-d ofExample 3. LCMS: Method A, RT 3.56 min, MS: ES+ 349.11; ¹H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 8.62 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 8.18 (s, 1H), 7.94 (s, 1H), 7.72(s, 1H), 7.61 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.33 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.12 (s, 1H),4.47-4.50 (m, 1H), 4.00 (s, 3H), 3.88 (s, 3H), 3.63-3.67 (m, 1H),3.56-3.58 (m, 1H), 3.43-3.47 (m, 2H), 2.11-2.14 (m, 1H), 1.96-1.97 (m,1H).

Example 230(R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-1-methyl-5-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide

Synthesised using a procedure similar to that described for Example 229using 5-bromoindole-2-carboxylic acid (CAS Number 7254-19-5) in step a.LCMS: Method A, RT 3.56 min, MS: ES+ 349.04; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δppm 8.68 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 8.01 (s, 1H), 7.85 (s, 1H), 7.79 (s, 1H),7.48-7.53 (m, 2H), 7.11 (s, 1H), 4.46-4.50 (m, 1H), 3.96 (s, 3H), 3.86(s, 3H), 3.63-3.67 (m, 1H), 3.54-3.60 (m, 1H), 3.43-3.49 (m, 1H),3.21-3.32 (m, 1H), 2.11-2.16 (m, 1H), 1.94-1.99 (m, 1H).

Example 231(R)-1-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-(2-(isoindolin-2-yl)pyridin-4-yl)-1-methylurea

Step a. To a solution of 2-chloropyridin-4-amine (0.500 g, 3.91 mmol) intoluene (5 ml) was added isoindoline (0.557 g, 4.68 mmol), potassiumtert-butoxide (2.070 g, 9.76 mmol) and BINAP (0.243 g, 0.390 mmol) atrt. The reaction mixture was degassed for 5 min before addition ofPd₂(dba)₃ (0.178 g, 0.194 mmol) at rt. The reaction mixture was heatedat 110° C. for 4 h. The resulting reaction mixture was cooled to rt andpoured into water (200 ml). The resulting mixture was extracted with DCM(3×100 ml). The combined organic phase was dried over Na₂SO₄, filteredand concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting residue waspurified by flash chromatography (3% MeOH in DCM) yielding2-(isoindolin-2-yl) pyridin-4-amine (0.700 g, 3.317 mmol). LCMS: MethodC, RT 1.68 min, MS: ES+ 212.13.

Steps b-d. The title compound was synthesised from the intermediateabove using a procedure similar to that described for steps b-d ofExample 194. LCMS: Method A, RT 3.83 min, MS: ES+ 363.08; ¹H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 8.60 (s, 1H), 7.92 (d, J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 7.39-7.42 (m,2H), 7.30-7.33 (m, 2H), 6.91 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 1H), 6.82-6.84 (m, 1H),4.85-4.93 (m, 1H), 4.68 (s, 4H), 3.50-3.58 (m, 2H), 3.36-3.42 (m, 1H),3.30-3.32 (m, 1H), 2.90 (s, 3H), 1.95-2.07 (m, 2H).

Example 232(R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-fluoro-1-methyl-5-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide

Step a. To a solution of ethyl 5-bromo-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (CASNumber 16732-70-0) (0.50 g, 1.86 mmol) in DMF (5 ml) was added K₂CO₃(0.521 g, 3.77 mmol) and methyl iodide (0.536 g, 3.77 mmol) at rt. Thereaction mixture was heated at 100° C. for 16 h. The resulting reactionmixture cooled to rt and poured into water (50 ml). The resultingmixture was extracted with EtOAc (3×20 ml). The combined organic phasewas dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressureyielding ethyl 5-bromo-1-methyl-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (0.426 g, 1.52mmol). LCMS: Method C, RT 2.83 min, MS: ES+ 282.10, 284.10. Thismaterial was used directly for the next step without furtherpurification.

Step b. To a solution of ethyl 5-bromo-1-methyl-1H-indole-2-carboxylate(0.200 g, 0.71 mmol) in 1,2-dichloroethane (10 ml) was added1-fluoro-2,4,6-trimethylpyridinium triflate (CAS Number 107264-00-6)(0.617 g, 2.13 mmol) at rt. The reaction mixture was heated at 100° C.for 16 h. The resulting reaction mixture was cooled to rt and pouredinto water (30 ml). The resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3×10ml). The combined organic phase was washed with brine (2×20 ml), driedover Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. Theobtained residue was purified by column chromatography (2% EtOAc inhexane) yielding ethyl 5-bromo-3-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-indole-2-carboxylate(0.135 g, 0.450 mmol). LCMS: Method C, RT 2.96 min, MS: ES+ 300.20,302.20.

Steps c-g. The title compound was synthesised from the intermediateabove using a procedure similar to that described for Example 2. LCMS:Method A, RT 3.70 min, MS: ES+ 367.07; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm8.64 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 8.17 (s, 1H), 7.91 (s, 1H), 7.79 (s, 1H),7.57-7.59 (m, 2H), 4.51-4.52 (m, 1H), 3.86 (s, 3H), 3.83 (s, 3H),3.64-3.75 (m, 1H), 3.39-3.56 (m, 3H), 2.13-2.18 (m, 1H), 1.94-1.99 (m,1H).

Example 233(R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-7-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-3-carboxamide

Step a. To a solution of 4-bromopyridine-2-carbonitrile (CAS Number62150-45-2) (1.50 g, 8.20 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane:water (9:1, 20 ml) wasadded1-methyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole(1.870 g, 8.99 mmol) and Cs₂CO₃ (8.010 g, 24.57 mmol) at rt. Thereaction mixture was degassed for 10 min before addition of PdCl₂(dppf)(0.598 g, 0.816 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated at 80° C. for 1h. The resulting reaction mixture was cooled to rt and poured into water(40 ml). The resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3×75 ml). Thecombined organic phase was washed with brine (25 ml), dried over Na₂SO₄,filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting residuewas triturated with n-pentane (2×5 ml) and dried under high vacuumyielding 4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)picolinonitrile (2.090 g, 11.36mmol). LCMS: Method C, RT 1.66 min, MS: ES+ 185.19. This material wasused directly for the next step without further purification.

Step b. To a solution of 4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)picolinonitrile(0.900 g, 4.891 mmol) in THF (40 ml) was added 1 M solution of LiAlH₄ inTHF (4.88 ml, 4.891 mmol) at −5° C. The reaction mixture was stirred atrt for 1 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with THF (50 ml), treatedwith Na₂SO₄.10H₂O (15.00 g) and stirred for 20 min. The resultingreaction mixture was filtered and washed with DCM (50 ml). The combinedfiltrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. To the obtainedresidue was added 4 M HCl in 1,4-dioxane solution to form correspondingHCl salt. The obtained precipitates were collected by filtration undernitrogen atmosphere and dried under high vacuum yielding(4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl) pyridin-2-yl) methanamine HCl salt (1.28g, quantitative). MS: ES+ 189.12. This material was used directly forthe next step without further purification.

Step c. To a solution of (4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyridin-2-yl)methanamine HCl salt (0.500 g, 2.22 mmol) in DCM (30 ml)was added DIPEA (0.860 g, 6.65 mmol) at 0° C. A solution of ethylchlorooxoacetate (0.300 g, 2.20 mmol) in DCM (30 ml) was added dropwiseto the reaction mixture at 0° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at rtfor 1 h. The resulting reaction mixture was poured into water (50 ml)and extracted with DCM (40 ml). The organic layer was washed with brine(20 ml), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reducedpressure yielding ethyl2-(((4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyridin-2-yl)methyl)amino)-2-oxoacetate(0.540 g, 1.87 mmol). LCMS: Method F, RT 4.49 min, MS: ES+ 289.10. Thismaterial was used directly for the next step without furtherpurification.

Step d. A mixture of ethyl2-(((4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyridin-2-yl)methyl)amino)-2-oxoacetate(0.540 g, 1.87 mmol) and P₂O₅ (1.320 g, 9.295 mmol) in POCl₃ (11 ml) washeated at 80° C. for 48 h. The resulting reaction mixture was cooled tort and basified with saturated aqueous Na₂CO₃ solution. The obtainedmixture was extracted with EtOAc (3×50 ml). The combined organic phasewas washed with brine (40 ml), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered andconcentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purifiedby flash chromatography (80% EtOAc in hexane) yielding ethyl7-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-3-carboxylate (0.070g, 0.259 mmol). LCMS: Method C, RT 1.78 min, MS: ES+ 271.40.

Steps e-h. The title compound was synthesised from the intermediateabove using a procedure similar to that described for steps b-e ofExample 2. LCMS: Method A, RT 3.22 min, MS: ES+ 336.07; ¹H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 9.32 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 8.80 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 8.28 (s,1H), 8.01 (s, 1H), 7.93 (s, 1H), 7.51 (s, 1H), 7.26 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H),4.52-4.57 (m, 1H), 3.88 (s, 3H), 3.55-3.64 (m, 2H), 3.38-3.51 (m, 2H),2.02-2.14 (m, 2H).

Example 234(R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-(1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)azetidine-1-carboxamide

Step a. To a solution of 1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)azetidine-3-carboxylicacid (CAS Number 142253-55-2) (3.00 g, 14.92 mmol) in THF (30 ml) wasadded CDI (2.70 g, 16.67 mmol) at 0° C. The reaction mixture was stirredat rt for 2 h. A solution of N,O-dimethylhydroxylamine hydrochloride(1.90 g, 19.48 mmol) in McCN (45 ml) was added to the reaction mixturefollowed by addition of TEA (3.10 ml, 22.39 mmol). The reaction mixturewas stirred at rt for 16 h. The resulting reaction mixture wasconcentrated under reduced pressure and poured into water (200 ml). Theobtained mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3×50 ml). The combinedorganic layer was washed with citric acid solution (100 ml) and brine(100 ml). The combined organic phase was dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered andconcentrated under reduced pressure yielding tert-butyl3-(methoxy(methyl)carbamoyl)azetidine-1-carboxylate (3.40 g, 13.93mmol). LCMS: Method C, RT 1.96 min, MS: ES+ 245.20. This material wasused directly for the next step without further purification.

Step b. A mixture of CH₃MgBr (3 M in diethyl ether) (9.25 ml, 27.75mmol) in toluene:THF (7:3, 48 ml) was cooled to 0° C. A solution oftert-butyl 3-(methoxy(methyl)carbamoyl)azetidine-1-carboxylate (3.40 g,13.93 mmol) in THF (20 ml) was added dropwise to the reaction mixture at0° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 1 h. The resultingreaction mixture was quenched by slow addition of citric acid solution(50 ml). The resulting reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3×50ml). The combined organic layer was washed with brine (2×50 ml), driedover Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure yieldingtert-butyl 3-acetylazetidine-1-carboxylate (2.150 g, 10.80 mmol). LCMS:Method C, RT 1.98 min, MS: ES+ 144.10 (M-56). This material was useddirectly for the next step without further purification.

Step c. A mixture of methyl tert-butyl 3-acetylazetidine-1-carboxylate(2.15 g, 10.80 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide dimethylacetal (16 ml,120.6 mmol) was heated at 110° C. for 16 h. The resulting reactionmixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the obtained residuewas purified by flash chromatography (80-100% EtOAc in hexane) yieldingtert-butyl (E)-3-(3-(dimethylamino) acryloyl)azetidine-1-carboxylate(1.900 g, 7.48 mmol). LCMS: Method C, RT 1.91 min, MS: ES+ 255.20.

Step d. To a solution of tert-butyl(E)-3-(3-(dimethylamino)acryloyl)azetidine-1-carboxylate (0.500 g, 1.97mmol) in EtOH (6 ml) was added phenylhydrazine (0.280 g, 2.59 mmol) andacetic acid (0.05 ml). The reaction mixture was heated at 60° C. for 4h. The resulting reaction mixture was cooled to rt and concentratedunder reduced pressure. The obtained crude material was purified viaflash chromatography to get tert-butyl3-(1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)azetidine-1-carboxylate (47% EtOAc/hexane)(0.170 g, 0.57 mmol) and tert-butyl3-(1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)azetidine-1-carboxylate (70% EtOAc/hexane)(0.210 g, 0.70 mmol). The obtained tert-butyl3-(1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)azetidine-1-carboxylate was used for thenext step. LCMS: Method C, RT 2.58 min, MS: ES+ 300.30; ¹H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 8.46 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.81 (dd, J=8.8, 1.2 Hz, 2H),7.49 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 2H), 7.29 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.56 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H),4.23 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 3.89-3.96 (m, 2H), 3.85-3.89 (m, 1H), 1.40 (s,9H).

Step e. To a solution of tert-butyl3-(1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)azetidine-1-carboxylate (0.270 g, 0.90 mmol)in 1,4-dioxane (5 ml) was added 4 M HCl in 1,4-dioxane (5 ml) at rt. Thereaction mixture was stirred at rt for 3 h. The resulting reactionmixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residuewas co evaporated with DCM (3×10 ml) and finally dried under high vacuumyielding 3-(azetidin-3-yl)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazole HCl salt (0.270 g,quantitative). LCMS: Method C, RT 1.53 min, MS: ES+ 200.30. Thismaterial was used directly for the next step without furtherpurification.

Steps f-h. The title compound was synthesised from the intermediateabove using a procedure similar to that described for Example 89. LCMS:Method B, RT 3.54 min, MS: ES+ 337.22; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm8.46 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.81 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.48 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H),7.29 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.54-6.57 (m, 2H), 4.13-4.21 (m, 3H), 3.84-3.94(m, 3H), 3.45-3.54 (m, 2H), 3.35-3.41 (m, 1H), 3.13-3.17 (m, 1H),1.98-2.03 (m, 1H), 1.77-1.82 (m, 1H).

Example 235(R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-(1-(pyrazin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)azetidine-1-carboxamide

Synthesised using a procedure similar to that described for steps a-e ofExample 134, using 2-hydrazinopyrazine (CAS Number 54608-52-5), followedby steps a-c of Example 5. LCMS: Method A, RT 3.04 min, MS: ES+ 338.94;¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 9.17 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 1H), 8.60 (d, J=2.4Hz, 2H), 8.53-8.54 (m, 1H), 6.69 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 6.58 (d, J=6.8 Hz,1H), 4.13-4.16 (m, 3H), 3.89-3.97 (m, 3H), 3.45-3.54 (m, 2H), 3.34-3.41(m, 1H), 3.14-3.17 (m, 1H), 1.98-2.07 (m, 1H), 1.78-1.83 (m, 1H).

Example 236(R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-(2-phenylpyrimidin-4-yl)azetidine-1-carboxamide

Step a. To a solution of tert-butyl(E)-3-(3-(dimethylamino)acryloyl)azetidine-1-carboxylate (described insteps a-c of Example 234) (0.900 g, 3.54 mmol) in MeOH (10 ml) was addedNaOMe (0.480 g, 8.89 mmol) at rt. Benzamidine hydrochloride hydrate(0.700 g, 4.47 mmol) was added to the reaction mixture at rt. Thereaction mixture was refluxed for 5 h. The resulting reaction mixturewas cooled to rt and filtered through a celite bed, washed with MeOH (10ml). The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtainedresidue was purified by column chromatography (25% EtOAc in hexane)yielding tert-butyl 3-(2-phenylpyrimidin-4-yl)azetidine-1-carboxylate(0.610 g, 1.96 mmol). LCMS: Method C, RT 2.55 min, MS: ES+ 312.13; ¹HNMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 8.83 (d, J=5.2 Hz, 1H), 8.42-8.44 (m, 2H),7.51-7.55 (m, 3H), 7.39 (d, J=5.2 Hz, 1H), 4.23-4.26 (m, 2H), 4.13-4.10(m, 2H), 3.96-4.01 (m, 1H), 1.42 (s, 9H).

Steps b-e. The title compound was synthesised using a procedure similarto that described for step e of Example 134, followed by steps a-c ofExample 5. LCMS: Method A, RT 3.63 min, MS: ES+ 349.04; ¹H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 8.83-8.84 (m, 1H), 8.41-8.44 (m, 2H), 7.52-7.56 (m, 3H),7.32-7.40 (m, 1H), 6.63 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 1H), 4.17-4.24 (m, 3H), 3.98-4.10(m, 3H), 3.46-3.55 (m, 2H), 3.34-3.42 (m, 1H), 3.15-3.17 (m, 1H),1.99-2.04 (m, 1H), 1.81-1.84 (m, 1H).

Example 237(R)-3-(2-(4-chlorophenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)azetidine-1-carboxamide

Synthesised using a procedure similar to that described for Example 236using 4-chlorobenzamidine hydrochloride (CAS Number 14401-51-5) in stepa. LCMS: Method A, RT 4.18 min, MS: ES+ 382.97; ¹H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 8.45 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 1H), 8.42 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.62 (d,J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.43 (d, J=4.4 Hz, 1H), 6.65 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 1H), 4.14-4.24(m, 3H), 3.99-4.09 (m, 3H), 3.45-3.55 (m, 3H), 3.34-3.42 (m, 1H),3.14-3.17 (m, 1H), 1.99-2.04 (m, 1H), 1.80-1.83 (m, 1H).

Example 238(R)-3-(benzyloxy)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-phenylazetidine-1-carboxamide

Step a. To a solution of tert-butyl3-hydroxy-3-phenylazetidine-1-carboxylate (1.00 g, 4.016 mmol) in DCM(50 ml) was added tetrabutylammonium bromide (0.129 g, 0.400 mmol) and 4M NaOH solution (40 ml). Benzyl bromide (1.43 ml, 12.05 mmol) was addeddropwise to the reaction mixture at rt. The reaction mixture was heatedat 80° C. for 16 h. The resulting reaction mixture was cooled to rt andpoured into brine (50 ml). The resulting mixture was extracted with DCM(50 ml). The organic layer was washed with brine (100 ml), dried overNa₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure yieldingtert-butyl 3-(benzyloxy)-3-phenylazetidine-1-carboxylate (1.80 g,quantitative). LCMS: Method C, RT 2.88 min, MS: ES+ 340.30. Thismaterial was used directly for the next step without furtherpurification.

Step b. To a solution of tert-butyl3-(benzyloxy)-3-phenylazetidine-1-carboxylate (1.80 g, 5.31 mmol) in DCM(50 ml) was added 4 M HCl in 1,4-dioxane (18 ml) at 0° C. The reactionmixture was stirred at rt for 1 h. The resulting reaction mixture wasconcentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was coevaporated with DCM (3×50 ml). The obtained material was triturated withdiethyl ether (3×40 ml) and finally dried under high vacuum yielding3-(benzyloxy)-3-phenylazetidine HCl salt (1.17 g, 4.25 mmol). LCMS:Method C, RT 1.72 min, MS: ES+ 240.23; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm9.76 (s, 1H), 9.48 (s, 1H), 7.45-7.53 (m, 5H), 7.33-7.36 (m, 5H), 4.38(s, 2H), 4.30 (s, 2H), 4.17 (s, 2H). This material was used directly forthe next step without further purification.

Steps c-e. The title compound was synthesised from the intermediateabove using a procedure similar to that described for Example 89. LCMS:Method A, RT 4.41 min, MS: ES+ 377.06; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm7.45-7.51 (m, 4H), 7.26-7.40 (m, 6H), 6.69 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 4.20 (s,2H), 4.14-4.17 (m, 1H), 4.13 (s, 4H), 3.44-3.53 (m, 2H), 3.35-3.41 (m,1H), 3.13-3.16 (m, 1H), 1.98-2.03 (m, 1H), 1.76-1.81 (m, 1H).

Example 239(R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-1-(4-cyclopropylpyrimidin-2-yl)indoline-5-carboxamide

Step a. To a solution of 2-chloro-4-cyclopropylpyrimidine (1.080 g, 7.01mmol) in DMF (10 ml) were added methyl indoline-5-carboxylate (CASNumber 339007-88-4) (1.000 g, 5.65 mmol) and Cs₂CO₃ (5.510 g, 16.90mmol) at rt. The reaction mixture was degassed for 30 min beforeaddition of Xantphos (0.320 g, 0.553 mmol) and Pd₂(dba)₃ (0.250 g, 0.273mmol) at rt. The reaction mixture was heated at 120° C. for 4 h. Theresulting reaction mixture was cooled to rt and poured into ice coldwater (100 ml) and extracted with EtOAc (3×30 ml). The combined organiclayer was washed with ice-cold water (25 ml), dried over Na₂SO₄,filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting residuewas triturated with diethyl ether (25 ml) and dried under high vacuumyielding 2-chloro-4-cyclopropylpyrimidine (1.25 g, 4.21 mmol). LCMS:Method C, RT 2.81 min, MS: ES+ 296.40; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ ppm8.31-8.35 (m, 2H), 7.89 (dd, J=8.8, 8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.85 (s, 1H), 6.70 (d,J=5.2 Hz, 1H), 4.28 (t, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 3.90 (s, 3H), 3.21 (t, J=8.8 Hz,2H), 1.94-1.98 (m, 1H), 1.23-1.28 (m, 2H), 1.11-1.08 (m, 2H). Thismaterial was used directly for the next step without furtherpurification.

Steps b-e. The title compound was synthesised from the intermediateabove using a procedure similar to that described for steps b-e ofExample 2. LCMS: Method B, RT 4.13 min, MS: ES+ 375.22; ¹H NMR (400 MHz,CDCl₃) δ ppm 8.31-8.35 (m, 2H), 7.60-7.64 (m, 2H), 6.71 (d, J=5.2 Hz,1H), 6.16 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 4.71-4.73 (m, 1H), 4.26-4.30 (m, 2H),3.75-3.80 (m, 1H), 3.54-3.66 (m, 2H), 3.39-3.42 (m, 1H), 3.19-3.24 (m,2H), 2.27-2.34 (m, 1H), 1.95-2.07 (m, 2H), 1.22-1.27 (m, 2H), 1.19-1.21(m, 2H).

Example 240(R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-1-(4-cyclopropylpyrimidin-2-yl)-N-methylindoline-5-carboxamide

Synthesised using a procedure similar to that described for Example 239using (R)-tert-butyl 3-(methylamino)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (CASNumber 199336-83-9) in step c. LCMS: Method A, RT 4.48 min, MS: ES+389.10; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ ppm 8.30-8.34 (m, 2H), 7.26-7.29 (m,2H), 6.67 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 1H), 5.01-5.03 (m, 1H), 4.27 (t, J=8.8 Hz, 2H),3.61-3.66 (m, 2H), 3.41-3.48 (m, 2H), 3.21 (t, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 3.01 (s,3H), 2.10-2.19 (m, 2H), 1.93-2.00 (m, 1H), 1.21-1.27 (m, 2H), 1.08-1.11(m, 2H).

Example 241(3aR,6aR)-5-cyano-N-(3-(2-methylpyridin-4-yl)phenyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-1(2H)-carboxamide

Step a. To a solution of (2-methylpyridin-4-yl)boronic acid (CAS Number579476-63-4) (0.500 g, 3.65 mmol) and 3-bromoaniline (0.620 g, 3.60mmol) in DMF:water (8:2, 10 ml) was added Cs₂CO₃ (3.570 g, 10.95 mmol)at rt. The reaction mixture was degassed for 30 min before addition ofPd(PPh₃)₄ (0.420 g, 0.363 mmol) at rt. The reaction mixture was heatedat 90° C. for 16 h. The resulting reaction mixture was cooled to rt andpoured into water (100 ml). The obtained mixture was extracted withEtOAc (2×100 ml). The combined organic phase was dried over Na₂SO₄,filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residuewas purified by flash chromatography (70% EtOAc in hexane) yielding3-(2-methylpyridin-4-yl) aniline (0.450 g, 2.445 mmol). LCMS: Method C,RT 0.97 min, MS: ES+ 185.09

Steps b-d. The title compound was synthesised from the intermediateabove using a procedure similar to that described for Example 89, using(3aR,6aR)-5-N—BOC-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole (CAS Number370882-39-6) in step b. LCMS: Method B, RT 2.57 min, MS: ES+ 348.16; ¹HNMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 8.49 (d, J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 8.43 (s, 1H), 7.94(s, 1H), 7.61-7.63 (m, 1H), 7.49 (s, 1H), 7.40-7.42 (m, 1H), 7.34-7.36(m, 2H), 4.36-4.40 (m, 1H), 3.52-3.60 (m, 4H), 3.41-3.47 (m, 1H),3.25-3.29 (m, 1H), 2.92-3.97 (m, 1H), 2.45 (s, 3H), 1.99-2.08 (m, 1H),1.82-1.86 (m, 1H).

Compounds in Table 11 were synthesised using a procedure similar to thatdescribed for Example 241.

TABLE 11 ¹H NMR: (400 MHz, DMSO- LCMS LCMS Ex R Name d₆) δ ppm Method RT(min) MS 242

(3aR,6aR)-5- cyano-N-(4-(2- methylpyridin-4- yl)phenyl)hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4- b]pyrrole-1(2H)- carboxamide 8.43-8.46 (m, 2 H), 7.66- 7.73(m, 4 H), 7.55 (s, 1 H), 7.46-7.47 (m, 1 H), 4.37- 4.40 (m, 1 H),3.52-3.61 (m, 4 H), 3.41-3.44 (m, 1 H), 3.25-3.29 (m, 1 H), 2.95- 2.97(m, 1 H), 2.51 (s, 3 H), 2.03-2.09 (m, 1 H), 1.82- A 3.39 ES+ 348.111.86 (m, 1 H) 243

(3aR,6aR)-5- cyano-N-(2- fluoro-4-(2- methylpyridin-4-yl)phenyl)hexahydro- pyrrolo[3,4- b]pyrrole-1(2H)- carboxamide 8.49 (d,J = 5.2 Hz, 1 H), 8.18 (s, 1 H), 7.66-7.75 (m, 3 H), 7.61-7.63 (m, 1 H),7.56- 7.57 (m, 1 H), 4.36-4.38 (m, 1 H), 3.51-3.60 (m, 4 H), 3.42-3.45(m, 1 H), 3.25- 3.28 (m, 1 H), 2.96-2.97 (m, 1 H), 2.53 (s, 3 H),2.01-2.10 (m, 1 H), 1.81-1.85 (m, 1 H) A 3.51 ES+ 366.01 244

(3aR,6aR)-5- cyano-N-(2′- methyl-[3,4′- bipyridin]-6- yl)hexahydropyrro-lo[3,4-b]pyrrole- 1(2H)- carboxamide 8.66-8.67 (m, 1 H), 8.47 (d, J =5.2 Hz, 1 H), 8.13-8.16 (m, 1 H), 8.04-8.06 (m, 1 H), 7.63 (s, 1 H),7.55 (dd, J = 5.6, 1.6 Hz, 1 H), 4.51-4.55 (m, 1 H), 3.71-3.75 (m, 2 H),3.59- 3.69 (m, 3 H), 3.35-3.38 (m, 1 H), 3.07-3.12 (m, 1 H), A 3.21 ES+349.04 2.61 (s, 3 H), 2.17-2.27 (m, 1 H), 1.96-2.03 (m, 1 H) 245

(3aR,6aR)-5- cyano-N-(2- fluoro-4-(1- methyl-1H- pyrazol-4-yl)phenyl)hexahydro- pyrrolo[3,4- b]pyrrole-1(2H)- carboxamide 7.98 (s,1 H), 7.82 (s, 1 H), 7.50 (t, J = 8.4 Hz, 1 H), 7.32- 7.37 (m, 2 H),4.46-4.52 (m, 1 H), 3.93 (s, 3 H), 3.58-3.69 (m, 2 H), 3.50-3.57 (m, 3H), 3.35-3.36 (m, 1 H), 3.05- 3.15 (m, 1 H), 2.18-2.26 (m, 1 H),1.94-2.02 (m, 1 H) A 3.26 ES+ 354.96

Example 2461-(3-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carbonyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-5(1H)-carbonitrile

Example 52 was further subjected to enantiomeric separation usingpreparative HPLC; mobile phase: (A) hexane (B) IPA:MeOH (50:50), column:CHIRALPAK IC 250×21.0 mm, 5 μm, flow rate: 15 ml/min to provide thetitle compound. LCMS: Method A, RT 3.56 min MS: ES+ 308.06; Chiral HPLC:Method X, RT 14.99 min; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆, 80° C.) δ ppm 13.51(s, 1H), 7.80-7.84 (m, 2H), 7.44-7.48 (m, 2H), 7.37-7.38 (m, 1H), 7.06(s, 1H), 4.61-5.10 (m, 1H), 3.70-3.98 (m, 2H), 3.60-3.62 (m, 1H),3.57-3.59 (m, 1H), 3.30-3.33 (m, 2H), 3.02-3.10 (m, 1H), 2.06-2.08 (m,1H), 1.87-1.88 (m, 1H).

Example 247(3aR,6aR)-1-(3-phenoxyazetidine-1-carbonyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-5(1H)-carbonitrile

Synthesised using a procedure similar to that described for Example 89,using (3aR,6aR)-5-N—BOC-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole (CAS Number370882-39-6) in step a. LCMS: Method B, RT 3.53 min, MS: ES+ 313.34; ¹HNMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 7.30 (t, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 6.97 (t, J=7.6 Hz,1H), 6.83 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 4.98-5.01 (m, 1H), 4.40-4.44 (m, 1H),4.25-4.29 (m, 2H), 3.90-3.94 (m, 1H), 3.78-3.82 (m, 1H), 3.49-3.54 (m,2H), 3.34-3.40 (m, 3H), 3.18-3.22 (m, 1H), 2.85-2.87 (m, 1H), 1.88-1.95(m, 1H), 1.75-1.76 (m, 1H).

Example 248 N-(1-cyanopiperidin-3-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-carboxamide

Step a. To a solution of 3-phenylbenzoic acid (0.2 mmol) in DCM (1 ml)was added HATU (0.2 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for20 min. Tert-butyl 3-aminopiperidine-1-carboxylate (0.2 mmol) and DIPEA(0.6 mmol) were added to the reaction mixture at rt. The reactionmixture was stirred at rt for 16 h. The resulting mixture wasconcentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purifiedby prep-TLC (PE/EtOAc=1:2) yielding tert-butyl3-([1,1′-biphenyl]-3-ylcarboxamido)piperidine-1-carboxylate. MS: ES+381.4.

Steps b, c. The title compound was synthesised from the intermediateabove using a procedure similar to that described for steps b, c ofExample 1. LCMS: Method D, RT 2.82 min, MS: ES+ 306.2.

Example 249 1-(3-benzylphenyl)-3-(1-cyanopiperidin-3-yl)urea

Step a. To a solution of 1-benzyl-3-isocyanatobenzene (0.2 mmol) in DCM(1 ml) was added tert-butyl 3-aminopiperidine-1-carboxylate (0.2 mmol)and DIPEA (0.6 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 16 h.The resulting mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. Theresulting residue was purified by prep-TLC (PE/EtOAc=1:2) yieldingtert-butyl 3-(3-(3-benzylphenyl)ureido)piperidine-1-carboxylate. MS: ES+410.5.

Steps b, c. The title compound was synthesised from the intermediateabove using a procedure similar to that described for steps b, c ofExample 1. MS: ES+ 335.2.

Example 250 1-(1-cyanopiperidin-3-yl)-3-(3-phenoxyphenyl)urea

Synthesised using a procedure similar to that described for Example 249.LCMS: Method D, 2.79 min, MS: ES+ 337.2.

Compounds in Table 12 were synthesised using a procedure similar to thatdescribed for Example 249 using tert-butyl3-amino-1-pyrrolidinecarboxylate (CAS number 186550-13-0) in step a.

TABLE 12 LCMS LCMS Ex R₁ R₂ Name Method RT (min) MS 251

H 1-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-(2,4- dichlorophenyl)urea D 2.68 ES+299.0 251

H 1-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-(4- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl)urea D 2.63ES+ 299.0 253

H 1-(3-benzylphenyl)-3-(1- cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)urea D 3.06 ES+ 321.2254

H 1-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-3-(1- cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)urea D 2.68 ES+307.2 255

H 1-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-(3- phenoxyphenyl)urea D 3.11 ES+ 323.2256

Me 3-(3-benzylphenyl)-1-(1- cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-1-methylurea D 2.91ES+ 335.2 257

Me 3-(3-chlorophenyl)-1-(1- cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-1-methylurea D 2.46ES+ 279.1 258

Me 1-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-1-methyl-3- (3-phenoxyphenyl)urea D 2.85ES+ 337.1 259

Me 3-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-1-(1- cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-1-methylurea D2.83 ES+ 321.2 260

Me 1-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-(2,4- dichlorophenyl)-1-methylurea D2.70 ES+ 313.0 261

Me 1-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-1-methyl-3-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)urea D 2.70 ES+ 313.0

Biological Activity of Compounds of the Invention

Abbreviations:

TAMRA carboxytetramethylrhodamine

PCR polymerase chain reaction

PBS phosphate buffered saline

EDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid

Tris 2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol

NP-40 Nonidet P-40, octylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol

BSA bovine serum albumin

PNS peripheral nervous system

BH3 Bcl-2 homology domain 3

PTEN phosphatase and tensin homologue

In Vitro USP30 FP Inhibition Assay

USP30 biochemical kinetic assay. Reactions were performed in duplicatein black 384 well plates (small volume, Greiner 784076) in a finalreaction volume of 21 μl. USP30 CD (57-517, #64-0057-050 Ubiquigent) wasdiluted in reaction buffer (40 mM Tris, pH 7.5, 0.005% Tween 20, 0.5mg/ml BSA, 5 mM—beta-mercaptoethanol) to the equivalent of 0, 0.005,0.01, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.5 μl/well. Buffer was optimised for optimaltemperature, pH, reducing agent, salts, time of incubation, anddetergent. Reactions were initiated by the addition of 50 nM of TAMRAlabelled peptide linked to ubiquitin via an iso-peptide bond asfluorescence polarisation substrate. Reactions were incubated at roomtemperature and read every 2 min for 120 min. Readings were performed ona Pherastar Plus (BMG Labtech). λ Excitation 540 nm;) Emission 590 nm.

USP30 Biochemical IC50 Assay

Dilution plates were prepared at 21 times the final concentration (2100μM for a final concentration of 100 μM) in 50% DMSO in a 96-wellpolypropylene V-bottom plate (Greiner #651201). A typical 8-pointdilution series would be 100, 30, 10, 3, 1, 0.3, 0.1, 0.03 μM final.Reactions were performed in duplicate in black 384 well plates (smallvolume, Greiner 784076) in a final reaction volume of 21 μl. Either 1 μlof 50% DMSO or diluted compound was added to the plate. USP30 wasdiluted in reaction buffer (40 mM Tris, pH 7.5, 0.005% Tween 20, 0.5mg/ml BSA, 5 mM—beta-mercaptoethanol) to the equivalent of 0.05 μl/welland 10¹ of diluted USP30 was added to the compound. Enzyme and compoundwere incubated for 30 min at room temp. Reactions were initiated by theaddition of 50 nM of TAMRA labelled peptide linked to ubiquitin via aniso-peptide bond as fluorescence polarisation substrate. Reactions wereread immediately after addition of substrate and following a 2 hrincubation at room temperature. Readings were performed on a PherastarPlus (BMG Labtech). λ Excitation 540 nm; λ Emission 590 nm.

In Vitro USP30 FI Inhibition Assay

USP30 biochemical fluorescence intensity kinetic assay. Reactions wereperformed in duplicate in black 384 well plates (small volume, Greiner784076) in a final reaction volume of 21 μl. USP30 CD (Boston BiochemE-582 or 57-517, #64-0057-050 Ubiquigent) was diluted in reaction buffer(40 mM Tris, pH 7.5, 0.005% Tween 20, 0.5 mg/ml BSA, 5mM—beta-mercaptoethanol) to the equivalent of 0, 0.0005, 0.001, 0.005,and 0.01 μl/well. Buffer was optimised for optimal temperature, pH,reducing agent, salts, time of incubation, and detergent. Reactions wereinitiated by the addition of Ubiquitin-Rhodamine 110 (U-555, BostonBiochem) at a final concentration of 100 nM. Reactions were incubated atroom temperature and read every 2 min for 120 min. Readings wereperformed on a Pherastar Plus (BMG Labtech). λ Excitation 487 nm; λEmission 535 nm.

USP30 Biochemical Fluorescence Intensity IC₅₀ Assay

Dilution plates were prepared at 21 times the final concentration (2100μM for a final concentration of 100 μM) in 50% DMSO in a 96-wellpolypropylene V-bottom plate (Greiner #651201). A typical 8-pointdilution series would be 100, 30, 10, 3, 1, 0.3, 0.1, 0.03 μM final.Reactions were performed in duplicate in black 384 well plates (smallvolume, Greiner 784076) in a final reaction volume of 21 μl. Either 1 μlof 50% DMSO or diluted compound was added to the plate. USP30 wasdiluted in reaction buffer (40 mM Tris, pH 7.5, 0.005% Tween 20, 0.5mg/ml BSA, 5 mM—beta-mercaptoethanol) to the equivalent of 0.001 μl/welland 10 μl of diluted USP30 was added to the compound. Enzyme andcompound were incubated for 30 min at room temp. Reactions wereinitiated by the addition of Ubiquitin-Rhodamine 110 (U-555; BostonBiochem) at a final concentration of 100 nM. Reactions were readimmediately after addition of substrate and following a 2 h incubationat room temperature. Readings were performed on a Pherastar Plus (BMGLabtech). λ Excitation 487 nm; λ Emission 535 nm.

Activity of Exemplary Compounds in USP30 biochemical FP or FI IC50 assay

Example IC50 range 1 B 2 A 3 A 4 B 5 B 6 B 7 B 8 A 9 B 10 B 11 C 12 B 13A 14 A 15 C 16 C 17 C 18 C 19 B 20 C 21 C 22 B 23 B 24 C 25 C 26 C 27 B28 C 29 B 30 B 31 B 32 B 33 B 34 B 35 A 36 A 37 A 38 A 39 A 40 A 41 B 42B 43 B 44 A 45 B 46 B 47 C 48 C 49 B 50 B 51 A 52 B 53 B 54 B 55 B 56 B57 B 58 B 59 B 60 C 61 B 62 B 63 B 64 B 65 B 66 B 67 B 68 B 69 C 70 A 71B 72 A 73 B 74 B 75 B 76 A 77 A 78 A 79 A 80 A 81 A 82 B 83 B 84 B 85 A86 A 87 B 88 B 89 B 90 A 91 A 92 B 93 A 94 C 95 A 96 B 97 A 98 A 99 B100 A 101 B 102 A 103 B 104 B 105 A 106 B 107 B 108 B 109 B 110 B 111 B112 A 113 B 114 B 115 B 116 A 117 B 118 A 119 A 120 A 121 A 122 B 123 A124 B 125 B 126 A 127 B 128 A 129 A 130 A 131 A 132 B 133 B 134 B 135 B136 B 137 B 138 B 139 B 140 B 141 B 142 A 143 A 144 B 145 A 146 B 147 B148 B 149 A 150 B 151 B 152 B 153 B 154 A 155 A 156 B 157 A 158 B 159 B160 A 161 B 162 B 163 B 164 B 165 B 166 B 167 A 168 B 169 B 170 B 171 B172 A 173 A 174 B 175 A 176 B 177 B 178 B 179 B 180 B 181 A 182 A 183 B184 A 185 A 186 B 187 B 188 B 189 B 190 A 191 A 192 A 193 B 194 B 195 B196 B 197 A 198 B 199 B 200 B 201 A 202 A 203 A 204 A 205 B 206 B 207 B208 B 209 B 210 B 211 B 212 A 213 A 214 A 215 B 216 B 217 B 218 A 219 B220 B 221 A 222 B 223 A 224 B 225 C 226 C 227 B 228 B 229 B 220 A 231 B232 A 233 B 234 A 235 B 236 B 237 A 238 A 239 A 240 A 241 A 242 A 243 B244 A 245 B 246 B 247 B 248 C 249 D 250 C 251 B 252 B 253 B 254 A 255 A256 B 257 B 258 A 259 A 260 B 261 B 262 A 263 B 264 B 265 C 266 B 267 B268 B 269 C 270 B 271 A 272 A 273 B Ranges A < 0.1 μM; 0.1 < B < 1 μM; 1μM < C < 10 μM; 10 μM < D < 30 μM

Paragraphs of the Invention

1. A compound having the formula (I)

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:

n is 1 or 2;

when n is 1, X is CR⁴R⁵ and when n is 2, X is CR⁶R⁷CR⁴R⁵ (wherein CR⁴R⁵is adjacent to heterocycle N atom);

R² represents a hydrogen atom, cyano, an optionally substituted C₁-C₆alkyl, an optionally substituted C₁-C₆ alkoxy group, an optionallysubstituted 4 to 10 membered heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, aryl or 3 to 8membered cycloalkyl ring;

R¹, R³, R⁴ and R⁵ each independently represent a hydrogen atom, cyano,an optionally substituted C₁-C₃ alkyl or an optionally substituted C₁-C₃alkoxy group;

R⁶, R⁷ and R⁸ each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a fluorineatom, cyano, an optionally substituted C₁-C₃ alkyl or an optionallysubstituted C₁-C₃ alkoxy group;

R⁹ represents a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, cyano, an optionallysubstituted C₁-C₆ alkyl, an optionally substituted C₁-C₃ alkoxy group,an optionally substituted 4 to 10 membered heteroaryl, heterocyclyl,aryl or 3 to 8 membered cycloalkyl ring, or forms an optionallysubstituted heterocyclic ring with R¹⁰ wherein the ring optionallycomprises one or more additional heteroatoms;

R¹⁰ represents a hydrogen atom, C₁₋₆ alkyl, or forms an optionallysubstituted heterocyclic ring with R⁹ or R¹¹ wherein the ring optionallycomprises one or more additional heteroatoms;

Y represents a covalent bond, NR¹¹ or optionally substituted C₁-C₃alkyl;

R¹¹ represents a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted C₁-C₆ alkyl, a4 to 10 membered heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, aryl or 3 to 8 memberedcycloalkyl ring or forms an optionally substituted heterocyclic ringwith R¹⁰ wherein the ring optionally comprises one or more additionalheteroatoms;

R¹² represents a substituted 4 to 10 membered heteroaryl, heterocyclyl,aryl or 3 to 8 membered cycloalkyl ring; and

where the compound is not of the formula:

2. The compound according to paragraph 1, wherein R¹² represents a 4 to10 membered heteroaryl, aryl, heterocyclyl, or 3 to 8 memberedcycloalkyl ring substituted with one or more of Q¹-(R¹³)_(p), wherein:

p is 0 or 1;

Q¹ represents a halogen atom, cyano, oxo, a covalent bond, —NR¹⁴—,—NR¹⁴R¹⁵, —CONR¹⁴—, —NR¹⁴CO—, an oxygen atom, —CO—, —S(O)_(q)—,—SO₂NR¹⁴, —C₁-C₆ alkoxy, C₁-C₆ haloalkoxy, C₁-C₆ hydroxyalkyl, —SO₂R¹⁴,—NR¹⁴COR¹⁵, —NR¹⁴CONR¹⁵R¹⁶, —NR¹⁴SO₂NR¹⁵R¹⁶ —CONR¹⁴R¹⁵, —CO₂R¹⁴,—NR¹⁴CO₂R¹⁵, —SO₂NR¹⁴R¹⁵, —C(O)R¹⁴ and —NR¹⁴SO₂R¹⁵, NO₂, or anoptionally substituted C₁-C₆ alkylene, —C₂-C₆ alkenylene or —C₁-C₆ alkylgroup;

q is 0, 1 or 2;

R¹⁴, R¹⁵ and R¹⁶ each independently represent a hydrogen atom or anoptionally substituted C₁-C₆ alkyl, or an optionally substituted C₁-C₆alkylene group;

when p is 1, R¹³ represents an optionally substituted 4 to 10 memberedheteroaryl, heterocyclyl, aryl or 3 to 8 membered cycloalkyl ring (whenp is 0, Q¹ is present and R¹³ is absent).

3. The compound according to paragraph 2, wherein R¹³ represents a 4 to10 membered heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or 3 to 8 memberedcycloalkyl ring substituted with one or more substituents selected fromhalogen, optionally substituted C₁-C₆ haloalkyl, optionally substitutedC₁-C₆ alkoxy, C₁-C₆ haloalkoxy, optionally substituted C₁-C₆ alkyl,optionally substituted C₂-C₆ alkenyl, optionally substituted C₂-C₆alkynyl, C₁-C₆ hydroxyalkyl, oxo, cyano, optionally substitutedheterocyclyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substitutedheteroaryl, optionally substituted aryl, -Q²-R¹⁷, -Q²-NR¹⁷CONR¹⁸R¹⁹,-Q²-NR¹⁷R¹⁸, -Q²-COR¹⁷, -Q²-NR¹⁷COR¹⁸, -Q²-NR¹⁷CO₂R¹⁸, -Q²-SO₂R¹⁷,Q²-CONR¹⁷R¹⁸, -Q²-CO₂R¹⁷, -Q²-SO₂NR¹⁷R¹⁸ and -Q²-NR¹⁷SO₂R¹⁸; wherein

Q² represents a covalent bond, an oxygen atom, —CO—, or a C₁-C₆ alkyleneor C₂-C₆ alkenylene group; and

R¹⁶, R¹⁷, R¹⁸ each independently represent hydrogen, optionallysubstituted C₁-C₆ alkyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionallysubstituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted aryl, or an optionallysubstituted cycloalkyl.

4. The compound according to any preceding paragraph, wherein R¹² isselected from the group consisting of phenyl, pyrrolidinyl, thiazolyl,pyridinyl, dihydropyridinyl, isoxazolyl, oxazolyl, imidazolyl,pyrazolyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, indolyl, benzimidazolyl andquinolinyl.

5. The compound according to paragraph 1, having the structure offormula (TT)

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein n, X, R¹, R², R³,R⁸, R⁹, R¹⁰, R¹² and Y are defined in claims 1 to 4 for compounds offormula (I).

6. The compound according to paragraph 1, having the structure offormula (IID)

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:

R¹² represents a 4 to 10 membered heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, aryl or 3 to8 membered cycloalkyl ring substituted with one or more of Q¹-(R¹³)_(p);

p is 0 or 1;

Q¹ represents halogen atom, cyano, oxo, a covalent bond, —NR¹⁴—,—NR¹⁴R¹⁵, —CONR¹⁴—, —NR¹⁴CO—, an oxygen atom, —CO—, —S(O)_(q)—, C₁-C₆alkoxy, C₁-C₆ haloalkoxy, C₁-C₆ hydroxyalkyl, —SO₂R¹⁴, —NR¹⁴R¹⁵,—NR¹⁴COR¹⁵, —NRCONR¹⁴R¹⁵, —CONR¹⁴R¹⁵, —CO₂R¹⁴, —NR¹⁴CO₂R¹⁵, —SO₂NR¹⁴R¹⁵,—CONR¹⁴, —C(O)R¹⁴ and —NR¹⁴SO₂R¹⁵ or an optionally substituted C₁-C₆alkylene, —C₂-C₆ alkenylene or —C₁-C₆ alkyl group; and

R¹³ represents an optionally substituted 4 to 10 membered heteroaryl,heterocyclyl, aryl or 3 to 8 membered cycloalkyl ring.

7. The compound according to paragraph 6, wherein:

R¹² represents a 5 or 6 membered aryl or heteroaryl which is substitutedwith one or two of Q¹-(R¹³)_(p);

p is 0 or 1;

Q¹ represents a halogen atom, a covalent bond, C₁-C₃ alkoxy or C₁-C₃alkyl; and

R¹³ represents a 5 or 6 membered aryl, heteroaryl or heterocyclyl ring,wherein the ring is optionally substituted with C₁-C₃ alkyl.

8. The compound of formula (I) as defined in paragraph 1, selected fromthe group consisting of:

-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-5-phenylpicolinamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-methoxy-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzamide-   2′-chloro-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-carboxamide-   6-(benzyl(methyl)amino)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)nicotinamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-phenylazetidine-1-carboxamide-   N—((R)-1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-4-((2S,6R)-2,6-dimethylmorpholino)-3-fluorobenzamide-   N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-4-phenylthiazole-2-carboxamide-   3-(3-chlorophenyl)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)isoxazole-5-carboxamide-   N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-1-phenyl-1H-imidazole-4-carboxamide-   N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-1-(2,4-difluorobenzyl)-5-oxopyrrolidine-3-carboxamide-   N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-5-oxo-1-phenylpyrrolidine-3-carboxamide-   N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-4-(3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)benzamide-   3′-chloro-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-carboxamide-   N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2′-methoxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-carboxamide-   N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-4-phenoxybenzamide-   2-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)acetamide-   N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-phenylquinoline-4-carboxamide-   6-(4-carbamoylpiperidin-1-yl)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)nicotinamide-   N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-6-(4-(2,4-difluorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)nicotinamide-   ethyl    4-(5-((1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)carbamoyl)pyridin-2-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate-   N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-6-(2-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)nicotinamide-   N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-6-(4-phenoxypiperidin-1-yl)nicotinamide-   N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-6-(4-(pyridin-4-yl)piperidin-1-yl)nicotinamide-   6-(benzyl(methyl)amino)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)picolinamide-   N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-6-(3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl)picolinamide-   N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-6-(4-phenoxypiperidin-1-yl)picolinamide-   N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-(3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl)isonicotinamide-   2-(4-acetyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)isonicotinamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-6-phenylpicolinamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-4-phenylpicolinamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-4-morpholinobenzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-fluoro-4-morpholinobenzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-phenylisoxazole-5-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-5-(pyridin-4-yl)isoxazole-3-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-carboxamide-   (R)-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)nicotinamide-   (R)-2-(2-chlorophenyl)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)thiazole-5-carboxamide-   (R)-4-(3-chloropyridin-4-yl)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)benzamide-   (R)-4-(3-chloropyridin-4-yl)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-methoxybenzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-methoxy-4-(2-methylpyridin-4-yl)benzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-methoxy-4-(2-morpholinopyridin-4-yl)benzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-4-fluoro-3-(pyridin-4-yl)benzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-4-fluoro-3-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-5-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyrimidine-2-carboxamide-   N—((R)-1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-phenylpyrrolidine-1-carboxamide-   (S)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-4-(pyridin-4-yl)benzamide-   (S)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-6-phenylpicolinamide-   (R)-4-(3-chloropyridin-4-yl)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-N-methylbenzamide-   (R)-1-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-(imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl)-1-methylurea-   (3aR,6aR)-1-([1,1′-biphenyl]-3-carbonyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-5(1H)-carbonitrile-   (3aR,6aR)-1-(3-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carbonyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-5(1H)-carbonitrile-   (3aR,6aR)-1-(3-phenylisoxazole-5-carbonyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-5(1H)-carbonitrile-   (3aR,6aR)-1-(1-phenyl-1H-imidazole-4-carbonyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-5(1H)-carbonitrile-   (3aR,6aR)-1-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carbonyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-5(1H)-carbonitrile-   (3aR,6aR)-1-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl)isoxazole-5-carbonyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-5(1H)-carbonitrile-   (3aR,6aR)-1-(4-fluoro-3-(pyridin-4-yl)benzoyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-5(1H)-carbonitrile-   (3aR,6aR)-1-(4-fluoro-3-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzoyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-5(1H)-carbonitrile-   (3aR,6aR)-1-(4-(3-chloropyridin-4-yl)-3-methoxybenzoyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-5(1H)-carbonitrile-   (3aR,6aR)-1-(3-methoxy-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzoyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-5(1H)-carbonitrile-   (3aR,6aR)-1-(2-oxo-6-phenyl-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carbonyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-5(1H)-carbonitrile-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-(N-methylisobutyramido)benzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-5-phenylpyrimidine-2-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-(pyridin-4-yl)isoxazole-5-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-(pyridin-3-yl)isoxazole-5-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-(pyridin-2-yl)isoxazole-5-carboxamide-   N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-5-phenylpyridazine-3-carboxamide-   N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-N-methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-carboxamide-   N-((3S,4R)-1-cyano-4-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-phenylthiazole-5-carboxamide-   N-((3R,4S)-1-cyano-4-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-phenylthiazole-5-carboxamide-   N-((3S,4R)-1-cyano-4-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-5-phenylthiazole-2-carboxamide-   N-((3R,4S)-1-cyano-4-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-5-phenylthiazole-2-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-(isoindolin-2-yl)isonicotinamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-(3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl)isonicotinamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-fluoro-4-(4-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-fluoro-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-fluoro-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2,5-difluoro-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-4-(1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-3-fluorobenzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-4-(1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-2-fluorobenzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-4-(1-ethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-2-fluorobenzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-fluoro-4-(1-(2-methoxyethyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-6-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-6-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-fluoro-4-(5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-fluoro-4-(1-methyl-1H-indazol-5-yl)benzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-fluoro-N-methyl-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-N-methyl-6-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-N-methyl-3-phenoxyazetidine-1-carboxamide-   (3aR,6aR)-5-cyano-N-(2-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-1(2H)-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-fluoro-4-(pyrimidin-2-ylamino)benzamide-   N-((3R,4S)-1-cyano-4-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-fluoro-4-((R)-3-methoxypyrrolidin-1-yl)benzamide-   2-(2-chlorophenyl)-N-((3R,4R)-1-cyano-4-hydroxypyrrolidin-3-yl)thiazole-5-carboxamide-   N-(1-cyano-3-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-fluoro-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-5-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-5-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-5-(2-fluorophenyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-6-morpholinonicotinamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)isoxazole-5-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-5-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-5-(pyridin-3-yl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-fluoro-3-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-fluoro-4-(2-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)benzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-5-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)picolinamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-fluoro-5-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-fluoro-4-(pyrimidin-4-yl)benzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-fluoro-4-(imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidin-6-yl)benzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-methoxy-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-6-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)nicotinamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3,5-difluoro-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2,6-difluoro-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-6-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine-3-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-fluoro-3-methoxy-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzamide-   (R)-6-(3-cyanophenyl)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-2-carboxamide-   (R)-6-(4-cyanophenyl)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-2-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-fluoro-4-(imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-6-yl)benzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-fluoro-4-(2-morpholinopyridin-4-yl)benzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-fluoro-5-(1-methyl-1H-indazol-5-yl)picolinamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-fluoro-5-(1-methyl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-5-yl)picolinamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-5-(1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-3-fluoropicolinamide-   (R)-3-chloro-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-5-(4-fluorophenyl)picolinamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-6-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-2-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-6-(1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-2-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-5-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-6-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-6-(3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-6-(1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-5-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2,3-difluoro-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-5-(1-ethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-4-methylpicolinamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-phenoxyazetidine-1-carboxamide-   (R)-3-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)azetidine-1-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-4-phenylpiperazine-1-carboxamide-   N—((R)-1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-phenylmorpholine-4-carboxamide-   (R)-4-(2-chloro-6-fluorobenzyl)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-1,4-diazepane-1-carboxamide-   (R)-4-benzyl-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-1,4-diazepane-1-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-1,3,4,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole-2-carboxamide-   N—((R)-1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-((2S,6R)-2,6-dimethylmorpholino)-5-fluoroisonicotinamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-5-fluoro-2-(isoindolin-2-yl)isonicotinamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-fluoro-4-(pyrimidin-2-ylamino)benzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-fluoro-4-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)benzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2,5-difluoro-4-morpholinobenzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2,5-difluoro-4-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)benzamide-   N—((R)-1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-fluoro-4-((R)-3-methoxypyrrolidin-1-yl)benzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-methoxy-4-(pyrimidin-2-ylamino)benzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-methoxy-4-((4-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)amino)benzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-fluoro-4-((4-methoxypyrimidin-2-yl)amino)benzamide-   N—((R)-1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-5-methyl-1-(1-phenylethyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-5-methyl-1-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-fluoro-4-(pyridazin-4-yl)benzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-1-isobutyl-6-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-6-(3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)-1-isobutyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-1-(cyclopropylmethyl)-6-(3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-N-methyl-6-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-2-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-N-methyl-5-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-6-(3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)-N-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-7-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-carboxamide-   (R)-7-(3-cyanophenyl)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-N-methyl-7-(2-methylpyridin-4-yl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-N-methyl-7-(6-methylpyridin-3-yl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-7-(1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-N-methylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-7-(2,6-dimethylpyridin-4-yl)-N-methylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-N-ethyl-7-(2-methylpyridin-4-yl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-7-morpholinoimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-carboxamide-   (R)-6-(3-cyanophenyl)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-fluoroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-2-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-fluoro-6-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-2-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-6-(1-ethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-3-fluoroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-2-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-6-(1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-3-fluoroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-2-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-6-(3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)-3-fluoroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-2-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-fluoro-4-(pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-5-yl)benzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-5-(4-fluorophenyl)picolinamide-   N-((2R,3R)-1-cyano-2-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-5-(4-fluorophenyl)picolinamide-   3-chloro-N-((3R,4S)-1-cyano-4-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-4-morpholinobenzamide-   N-((3R,4R)-1-cyano-4-fluoropyrrolidin-3-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-carboxamide-   N-((3R,4R)-1-cyano-4-cyclopropylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-fluoro-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzamide-   N-((3S,4S)-1-cyano-4-methoxypyrrolidin-3-yl)-N-methyl-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-5-(1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)picolinamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-5-(2-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)picolinamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-4-(2,6-dimethylpyrimidin-4-yl)-2-fluorobenzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-fluoro-4-(5-fluoro-2-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)benzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-fluoro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)benzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-fluoro-4-(2-methyl-3H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)benzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-fluoro-4-(imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3-yl)benzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-fluoro-5-(pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-5-yl)picolinamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-fluoro-5-(imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-6-yl)picolinamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-methoxy-3-phenylazetidine-1-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-N-methyl-3-phenylazetidine-1-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)azetidine-1-carboxamide-   (R)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)azetidine-1-carboxamide-   (R)-3-(3-chlorophenyl)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)azetidine-1-carboxamide-   (3aR,6aR)-1-(3-phenylazetidine-1-carbonyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-5(1H)-carbonitrile-   (R)-1-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-1-methyl-3-(4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)phenyl)urea-   (R)-1-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-1-methyl-3-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)urea-   (3aR,6aR)—N-(4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-5-cyanohexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-1(2H)-carboxamide-   (3aR,6aR)-5-cyano-N-(2-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrol-1(2H)-carboxamide-   (3aR,6aR)-5-cyano-N-(4-cyano-2-fluorophenyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-1(2H)-carboxamide-   (3aR,6aR)-5-cyano-N-(4-cyano-2,5-difluorophenyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-1(2H)-carboxamide-   (3aR,6aR)—N-(5-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-5-cyanohexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-1(2H)-carboxamide-   (3aR,6aR)-5-cyano-N-(2-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-1(2H)-carboxamide-   (3aR,6aR)-5-cyano-N-(5-phenylpyridin-2-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-1(2H)-carboxamide-   (3aR,6aR)-5-cyano-N-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-1(2H)-carboxamide-   (R)-1-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-1-ethyl-3-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)urea-   1-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-1-(2-methoxyethyl)-3-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)urea-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-N-ethyl-3-fluoro-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-N-ethyl-3-phenylazetidine-1-carboxamide-   (R)-3-(2-oxo-3-(4-phenylthiazol-2-yl)imidazolidin-1-yl)pyrrolidine-1-carbonitrile-   (R)-3-(2-oxo-3-(4-phenylthiazol-2-yl)tetrahydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)pyrrolidine-1-carbonitrile-   (R)-3-(3-(3-morpholinophenyl)-2-oxoimidazolidin-1-yl)pyrrolidine-1-carbonitrile-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-4-(pyrimidin-2-yl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[b][1,4]oxazine-7-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-4-(4-cyclopropylpyrimidin-2-yl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[b][1,4]oxazine-7-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-4-((4-cyclopropylpyrimidin-2-yl)amino)-3-fluorobenzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-4-((4-cyclopropylpyrimidin-2-yl)amino)-2,3-difluorobenzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-4-(N-methylisobutyramido)picolinamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-[2,3′-bipyridine]-6′-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-[2,4′-bipyridine]-2′-carboxamide-   (R)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)isoxazole-5-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)isoxazole-5-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)isoxazole-5-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-(3-methoxyphenyl)isoxazole-5-carboxamide-   N—((R)-1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-1-phenylpyrrolidine-3-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-fluoro-4-(4-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-fluoro-N-methyl-4-(4-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzamide-   N—((R)-1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-(pyridin-2-yl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxamide-   N—((R)-1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-(2-methoxypyridin-4-yl)-N-methylisoxazole-5-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-fluoro-4-(N-methylphenylsulfonamido)benzamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-1-methyl-6-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-1-methyl-5-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide-   (R)-1-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-(2-(isoindolin-2-yl)pyridin-4-yl)-1-methylurea-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-fluoro-1-methyl-5-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-7-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-3-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-(1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)azetidine-1-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-(1-(pyrazin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)azetidine-1-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-(2-phenylpyrimidin-4-yl)azetidine-1-carboxamide-   (R)-3-(2-(4-chlorophenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)azetidine-1-carboxamide-   (R)-3-(benzyloxy)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-phenylazetidine-1-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-1-(4-cyclopropylpyrimidin-2-yl)indoline-5-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-1-(4-cyclopropylpyrimidin-2-yl)-N-methylindoline-5-carboxamide-   (3aR,6aR)-5-cyano-N-(3-(2-methylpyridin-4-yl)phenyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-1(2H)-carboxamide-   (3aR,6aR)-5-cyano-N-(4-(2-methylpyridin-4-yl)phenyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-1(2H)-carboxamide-   (3aR,6aR)-5-cyano-N-(2-fluoro-4-(2-methylpyridin-4-yl)phenyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-1(2H)-carboxamide-   (3aR,6aR)-5-cyano-N-(2′-methyl-[3,4′-bipyridin]-6-yl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-1(2H)-carboxamide-   (3aR,6aR)-5-cyano-N-(2-fluoro-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)phenyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-1(2H)-carboxamide-   1-(3-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carbonyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-5(1H)-carbonitrile-   (3aR,6aR)-1-(3-phenoxyazetidine-1-carbonyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-5(1H)-carbonitrile-   N-(1-cyanopiperidin-3-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-carboxamide-   1-(3-benzylphenyl)-3-(1-cyanopiperidin-3-yl)urea-   1-(1-cyanopiperidin-3-yl)-3-(3-phenoxyphenyl)urea-   1-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)urea-   1-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)urea-   1-(3-benzylphenyl)-3-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)urea-   1-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-3-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)urea-   1-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-(3-phenoxyphenyl)urea-   3-(3-benzylphenyl)-1-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-1-methylurea-   3-(3-chlorophenyl)-1-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-1-methylurea-   1-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-1-methyl-3-(3-phenoxyphenyl)urea-   3-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-1-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-1-methylurea-   1-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methylurea-   1-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-1-methyl-3-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)urea-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-6-(3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)-N-methyl-1H-indole-2-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-N-methyl-5-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxamide-   N—((R)-1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-N-methyl-2-phenylmorpholine-4-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-N-methylindoline-1-carboxamide-   (R)-1-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-1-methyl-3-(6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)urea-   (R)-3-(5-chloropyridin-2-yl)-1-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-1-methylurea-   (3aR,6aR)-1-(3-chloro-4-morpholinobenzoyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-5(1H)-carbonitrile-   (3aR,6aR)-1-(indoline-1-carbonyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-5(1H)-carbonitrile-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-(2-methylpyridin-4-yl)isoxazole-5-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)isoxazole-5-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-(2,4-difluorophenyl)isoxazole-5-carboxamide-   (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-N-methyl-3-(2-methylpyridin-4-yl)isoxazole-5-carboxamide

9. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula (I) asdefined in any one of paragraphs 1 to 8 in combination with one or morepharmaceutically acceptable excipients.

10. A compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof as defined in any one of paragraphs 1 to 8, or a composition asdefined in claim 9, for use in therapy.

11. A compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof as defined in any one of paragraphs 1 to 8, or a composition asdefined in claim 9, for use in the treatment of a condition involvingmitochondrial dysfunction.

12. A compound or composition for use according to paragraph 11, whereinthe condition involving mitochondrial dysfunction is selected from aneurodegenerative disease; mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy,lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) syndrome; Leber'shereditary optic neuropathy (LHON); cancer; neuropathy, ataxia,retinitis pigmentosa-maternally inherited Leigh syndrome (NARP-MILS);Danon disease; diabetes; metabolic disorders; ischemic heart diseaseleading to myocardial infarction; psychiatric diseases, for exampleschizophrenia; multiple sulfatase deficiency (MSD); mucolipidosis II (MLII); mucolipidosis III (ML III); mucolipidosis IV (ML IV);GMI-gangliosidosis (GMI); neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinoses (NCL1); Alpersdisease; Barth syndrome; Beta-oxidation defects;carnitine-acyl-carnitine deficiency; carnitine deficiency; creatinedeficiency syndromes; co-enzyme Q10 deficiency; complex I deficiency;complex II deficiency; complex III deficiency; complex IV deficiency;complex V deficiency; COX deficiency; chronic progressive externalophthalmoplegia syndrome (CPEO); CPT I deficiency; CPT II deficiency;glutaric aciduria type II; Kearns-Sayre syndrome; lactic acidosis;long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (LCHAD); Leigh disease orsyndrome; lethal infantile cardiomyopathy (LIC); Luft disease; glutaricaciduria type II; medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MCAD);myoclonic epilepsy and ragged-red fiber (MERRF) syndrome; mitochondrialcytopathy; mitochondrial recessive ataxia syndrome; mitochondrial DNAdepletion syndrome; myoneurogastrointestinal disorder andencephalopathy; Pearson syndrome; pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency;pyruvate carboxylase deficiency; POLG mutations; medium/short-chain3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (M/SCHAD) deficiency; and verylong-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD) deficiency.

13. A compound or composition for use according to paragraph 11, whereinthe condition involving mitochondrial dysfunction is a central nervoussystem disorder.

14. A compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof as defined in any one of paragraphs 1 to 8, or a composition asdefined in paragraph 9, for use in the treatment of a cancer.

15. A method of treatment or prevention of a condition involvingmitochondrial dysfunction, or a cancer, the method comprisingadministering to a subject an effective amount of a compound defined inany one of paragraph 1 to 8, or a pharmaceutical composition accordingto paragraph 9.

16. A compound of formula (IA) or a pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof, for use in the treatment of a condition involving mitochondrialdysfunction, or a cancer,

wherein

n is 1 or 2;

when n is 1, X is CR⁴R⁵ and when n is 2, X is CR⁶R⁷CR⁴R⁵ (wherein CR⁴R⁵is adjacent to heterocycle N atom);

R² represents a hydrogen atom, cyano, an optionally substituted C₁-C₆alkyl, an optionally substituted C₁-C₆ alkoxy group, an optionallysubstituted 4 to 10 membered heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, aryl or 3 to 8membered cycloalkyl ring;

R¹, R³, R⁴ and R each independently represent a hydrogen atom, cyano, anoptionally substituted C₁-C₃ alkyl or an optionally substituted C₁-C₃alkoxy group;

R⁶, R⁷ and R⁸ each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a fluorineatom, cyano, an optionally substituted C₁-C₃ alkyl or an optionallysubstituted C₁-C₃ alkoxy group;

R⁹ represents a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, cyano, an optionallysubstituted C₁-C₆ alkyl, an optionally substituted C₁-C₃ alkoxy group,an optionally substituted 4 to 10 membered heteroaryl, heterocyclyl,aryl or 3 to 8 membered cycloalkyl ring, or forms an optionallysubstituted heterocyclic ring with R¹⁰ wherein the ring optionallycomprises one or more additional heteroatoms;

R¹⁰ represents a hydrogen atom, C₁₋₆ alkyl, or forms an optionallysubstituted heterocyclic ring with R⁹ or R¹¹ wherein the ring optionallycomprises one or more additional heteroatoms;

Y represents a covalent bond, NR¹¹ or optionally substituted C₁-C₃alkyl;

R¹¹ represents a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted C₁-C₆ alkyl, a4 to 10 membered heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, aryl or 3 to 8 memberedcycloalkyl ring, or forms an optionally substituted heterocyclic ringwith R¹⁰ wherein the ring optionally comprises one or more additionalheteroatoms;

R¹² represents an optionally substituted 4 to 10 membered heteroaryl,heterocyclyl, aryl or 3 to 8 membered cycloalkyl ring.

1-21. (canceled)
 22. A compound of formula (II):

or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of said compound or tautomer, wherein: m is 0 or 1; when m is 1, Z is —C(R⁶)(R⁷)—; R² represents hydrogen, optionally substituted C₁-C₆ alkyl, or optionally substituted C₁-C₆ alkoxy; R³, R⁴ and R⁵ each independently represent hydrogen, optionally substituted C₁-C₃ alkyl, or optionally substituted C₁-C₃ alkoxy; R¹, R⁶, R⁷ and R⁸ each independently represent hydrogen, fluorine, cyano, hydroxyl, optionally substituted C₁-C₃ alkyl, or optionally substituted C₁-C₃ alkoxy; R⁹ represents hydrogen, fluorine, cyano, hydroxyl, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₃ alkoxy, or a 3 to 8-membered cycloalkyl ring; R¹⁰ represents hydrogen or optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl; Y represents a covalent bond, —(C₀-C₃)-alkylene-N(R¹¹)—(C₀-C₃)-alkylene or C₁-C₃ alkylene; R¹¹ represents hydrogen or C₁-C₆ alkyl; R¹² represents a substituted monocyclic, optionally substituted bicyclic or optionally substituted tricyclic 3 to 14-membered aryl ring; wherein R¹², when substituted, is substituted with one or more of -Q¹-(R¹³)_(p), wherein: p is 0 or 1; Q¹ represents halogen, cyano, oxo, hydroxyl, a covalent bond, —C₀-C₃ alkylene-NR¹⁴—, —C₀-C₃ alkylene-NR¹⁴R¹⁵, —C₀-C₃ alkylene-CONR¹⁴—, —C₀-C₃ alkylene-NR¹⁴CO—, —C₀-C₃ alkylene-NR¹⁴SO₂—, an oxygen atom, —C₀-C₃ alkylene-CO—, —C₀-C₃ alkylene-S(O)_(q)—, —C₀-C₃ alkylene-SO₂NR¹⁴R¹⁵, —C₁-C₆ alkoxy, C₁-C₆ haloalkoxy, C₁-C₆ hydroxyalkyl, —C₀-C₃ alkylene-SO₂R¹⁴, —C₀-C₃ alkylene-NR¹⁴COR¹⁵, —C₀-C₃ alkylene-NR¹⁴CONR¹⁵R¹⁶, —C₀-C₃ alkylene-NR¹⁴SO₂NR¹⁵R¹⁶, —C₀-C₃ alkylene-CONR¹⁴R¹⁵, —C₀-C₃ alkylene-CO₂R¹⁴, —C₀-C₃ alkylene-NR¹⁴CO₂R¹⁵, —C₀-C₃ alkylene-SO₂NR¹⁴R¹⁵, —C₀-C₃ alkylene-C(O)R¹⁴ and —C₀-C₃ alkylene-NR¹⁴SO₂R¹⁵, NO₂, C₁-C₆ alkylene, —C₂-C₆ alkenylene, or optionally substituted —C₁-C₆ alkyl; q is 0, 1 or 2; R¹⁴, R¹⁵ and R¹⁶ each independently represent hydrogen or C₁-C₆ alkyl; when p is 1, R¹³ represents a 4 to 10-membered heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, or 3 to 8-membered cycloalkyl ring; wherein R¹³ may be optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from halogen, C₁-C₆ haloalkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, C₁-C₆ haloalkoxy, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₂-C₆ alkynyl, C₁-C₆ hydroxyalkyl, oxo, cyano, -Q²-R¹⁷, -Q²-NR¹⁷CONR¹⁸R¹⁹, -Q²-NR¹⁷R¹⁸, -Q²-COR¹⁷, -Q²-NR¹⁷COR¹⁸, -Q²-NR¹⁷CO₂R¹⁸, -Q²-SO₂R¹⁷, Q²-CONR¹⁷R¹⁸, -Q²-CO₂R¹⁷, -Q²-SO₂NR¹⁷R¹⁸, -Q²-NR¹⁷SO₂R¹⁸, heterocyclyl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, and aryl; wherein said heterocyclyl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl and aryl rings may be optionally substituted with one or more substituents, which may be the same or different, selected from Cl, F, OMe, Me, COCH₃, CONH₂, NHC(O)CH(CH₃)₂, and CO₂CH₂CH₃; Q² represents a covalent bond, an oxygen atom, —CO—, C₁-C₆ alkylene, or C₂-C₆ alkenylene; R¹⁷ and R¹⁸ each independently represent hydrogen, C₁-C₆ alkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, aryl, or cycloalkyl; wherein the optional substituents of alkyl and alkoxy of R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, R⁷, R⁸, R¹⁰ and Q¹, which may be the same or different, are selected from C₁-C₃ alkoxy, halogen, hydroxyl, thiol, cyano, amino, amido, nitro and SF₅; and where the compound is not of the formula:


23. The compound according to claim 22, wherein the aryl ring of R¹² is phenyl.
 24. The compound according to claim 22, wherein Q¹ is selected from halogen, cyano, oxo, a covalent bond, —NR¹⁴R¹⁵, —NR¹⁴CO—, an oxygen atom, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, —NR¹⁴—, —NR¹⁴COR¹⁵, C₁-C₆ alkyl, and C₁-C₃ alkylene, wherein the alkyl and alkoxy are optionally substituted with fluorine; and R¹⁴ and R¹⁵ each independently represent hydrogen or C₁-C₃ alkyl.
 25. The compound according claim 22, wherein the heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, or cycloalkyl ring of R¹³ is selected from pyridinyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, isoxazolyl, morpholinyl, piperdinyl, piperazinyl, quinolinyl, pyrrolidinyl, benzopyrazolyl, isoindolinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, homopiperazinyl, pyrimidinyl, imidazopyrimidinyl, imidazopyridinyl, indazolyl, pyrrolopyridinyl, isoxazolyl, benzoimidazolyl, pyridazinyl, cyclopropyl, pyrazolopyrimidinyl, pyrrolopyrimidinyl, dihydroisoquinolinyl, and imidazopyrazinyl.
 26. The compound according to claim 22, wherein m is
 0. 27. The compound according to claim 22, wherein R¹⁰ represents hydrogen or C₁-C₃ alkyl.
 28. The compound according to claim 22, wherein R¹, R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, R⁷ and R⁸ each independently represent hydrogen, and wherein R² represents hydrogen or methyl.
 29. The compound according to claim 22, wherein R⁹ represents hydrogen, fluorine, hydroxyl, methyl, methoxy or cyclopropyl.
 30. The compound according to claim 22, having the structure of formula (III):

or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of said compound or tautomer, wherein m, Z, R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁸, R⁹, R¹⁰, R¹² and Y are defined in claim 21 for the compound of formula (II).
 31. A compound according to claim 22, which is selected from: (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-methoxy-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzamide; N—((R)-1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-4-((2S,6R)-2,6-dimethylmorpholino)-3-fluorobenzamide; N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-4-(3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)benzamide; (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-4-morpholinobenzamide; (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-fluoro-4-morpholinobenzamide; (R)-4-(3-chloropyridin-4-yl)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)benzamide; (R)-4-(3-chloropyridin-4-yl)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-methoxybenzamide; (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-methoxy-4-(2-methylpyridin-4-yl)benzamide; (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-methoxy-4-(2-morpholinopyridin-4-yl)benzamide; (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-4-fluoro-3-(pyridin-4-yl)benzamide; (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-4-fluoro-3-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzamide; (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzamide; (S)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-4-(pyridin-4-yl)benzamide; (R)-4-(3-chloropyridin-4-yl)-N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-N-methylbenzamide; (3aR,6aR)-1-(4-fluoro-3-(pyridin-4-yl)benzoyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-5(1H)-carbonitrile; (3aR,6aR)-1-(4-fluoro-3-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzoyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-5(1H)-carbonitrile; (3aR,6aR)-1-(4-(3-chloropyridin-4-yl)-3-methoxybenzoyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-5(1H)-carbonitrile; (3aR,6aR)-1-(3-methoxy-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzoyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-5(1H)-carbonitrile; (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-(N-methylisobutyramido)benzamide; (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-fluoro-4-(4-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzamide; (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-fluoro-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzamide; (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-fluoro-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzamide; (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2,5-difluoro-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzamide; (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-4-(1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-3-fluorobenzamide; (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-4-(1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-2-fluorobenzamide; (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-4-(1-ethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-2-fluorobenzamide; (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-fluoro-4-(1-(2-methoxyethyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzamide; (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-fluoro-4-(5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzamide; (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-fluoro-4-(1-methyl-1H-indazol-5-yl)benzamide; (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-fluoro-N-methyl-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzamide; (3aR,6aR)-5-cyano-N-(2-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-1(2H)-carboxamide; (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-fluoro-4-(pyrimidin-2-ylamino)benzamide; N-((3R,4S)-1-cyano-4-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-fluoro-4-((R)-3-methoxypyrrolidin-1-yl)benzamide; N-(1-cyano-3-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-fluoro-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzamide; (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-fluoro-3-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzamide; (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-fluoro-4-(2-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)benzamide; (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-fluoro-5-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzamide; (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-fluoro-4-(pyrimidin-4-yl)benzamide; (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-fluoro-4-(imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidin-6-yl)benzamide; (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-methoxy-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzamide (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3,5-difluoro-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzamide; (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2,6-difluoro-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzamide; (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-fluoro-3-methoxy-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzamide; (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-fluoro-4-(imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-6-yl)benzamide; (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-fluoro-4-(2-morpholinopyridin-4-yl)benzamide; (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2,3-difluoro-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzamide; (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-fluoro-4-(pyrimidin-2-ylamino)benzamide; (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-fluoro-4-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)benzamide; (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2,5-difluoro-4-morpholinobenzamide; (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2,5-difluoro-4-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)benzamide; N—((R)-1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-fluoro-4-((R)-3-methoxypyrrolidin-1-yl)benzamide; (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-methoxy-4-(pyrimidin-2-ylamino)benzamide; (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-methoxy-4-((4-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)amino)benzamide; (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-fluoro-4-((4-methoxypyrimidin-2-yl)amino)benzamide; (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-fluoro-4-(pyridazin-4-yl)benzamide; (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-fluoro-4-(pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-5-yl)benzamide; 3-chloro-N-((3R,4S)-1-cyano-4-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-4-morpholinobenzamide; N-((3R,4R)-1-cyano-4-cyclopropylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-fluoro-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzamide; N-((3S,4S)-1-cyano-4-methoxypyrrolidin-3-yl)-N-methyl-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzamide; (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-4-(2,6-dimethylpyrimidin-4-yl)-2-fluorobenzamide; (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-fluoro-4-(5-fluoro-2-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)benzamide; (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-fluoro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)benzamide; (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-fluoro-4-(2-methyl-3H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)benzamide; (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-fluoro-4-(imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3-yl)benzamide; (R)-1-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-1-methyl-3-(4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)phenyl)urea; (R)-1-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-1-methyl-3-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)urea; (3aR,6aR)—N-(4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-5-cyanohexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-1(2H)-carboxamide; (3aR,6aR)-5-cyano-N-(2-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-1(2H)-carboxamide; (3aR,6aR)-5-cyano-N-(4-cyano-2-fluorophenyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-1(2H)-carboxamide; (3aR,6aR)-5-cyano-N-(4-cyano-2,5-difluorophenyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-1(2H)-carboxamide; (3aR,6aR)—N-(5-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-5-cyanohexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-1(2H)-carboxamide; (3aR,6aR)-5-cyano-N-(2-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-1(2H)-carboxamide; (3aR,6aR)-5-cyano-N-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-1(2H)-carboxamide; (R)-1-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-1-ethyl-3-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)urea; 1-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-1-(2-methoxyethyl)-3-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)urea; (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-N-ethyl-3-fluoro-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzamide; (R)-3-(3-(3-morpholinophenyl)-2-oxoimidazolidin-1-yl)pyrrolidine-1-carbonitrile; (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-4-((4-cyclopropylpyrimidin-2-yl)amino)-3-fluorobenzamide; (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-4-((4-cyclopropylpyrimidin-2-yl)amino)-2,3-difluorobenzamide; (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-fluoro-4-(4-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzamide; (R)—N-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-fluoro-N-methyl-4-(4-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzamide; (3aR,6aR)-5-cyano-N-(3-(2-methylpyridin-4-yl)phenyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-1(2H)-carboxamide; (3aR,6aR)-5-cyano-N-(4-(2-methylpyridin-4-yl)phenyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-1(2H)-carboxamide; (3aR,6aR)-5-cyano-N-(2-fluoro-4-(2-methylpyridin-4-yl)phenyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-1(2H)-carboxamide; (3aR,6aR)-5-cyano-N-(2-fluoro-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)phenyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-1(2H)-carboxamide; 1-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)urea; 1-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)urea; 3-(3-chlorophenyl)-1-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-1-methylurea; 1-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-3-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methylurea; 1-(1-cyanopyrrolidin-3-yl)-1-methyl-3-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)urea; and (3aR,6aR)-1-(3-chloro-4-morpholinobenzoyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole-5(1H)-carbonitrile; a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of said compound or tautomer.
 32. A pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of a compound according to claim 22, or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of said compound or tautomer, together with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
 33. A method for treating a condition involving mitochondrial dysfunction, comprising the step of administering an effective amount of a compound according to claim 22, or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of said compound or tautomer, to a patient in need thereof.
 34. The method according to claim 33, wherein the condition involving mitochondrial dysfunction is selected from a neurodegenerative disease; mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes syndrome; Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy; cancer; neuropathy, ataxia, retinitis pigmentosa-maternally inherited Leigh syndrome; Danon disease; diabetes; metabolic disorders; ischemic heart disease leading to myocardial infarction; psychiatric diseases, for example schizophrenia; multiple sulfatase deficiency; mucolipidosis II; mucolipidosis III; mucolipidosis IV; GMI-gangliosidosis; neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinoses; Alpers disease; Barth syndrome; beta-oxidation defects; carnitine-acyl-carnitine deficiency; carnitine deficiency; creatine deficiency syndromes; co-enzyme Q10 deficiency; complex I deficiency; complex II deficiency; complex III deficiency; complex IV deficiency; complex V deficiency; COX deficiency; chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia syndrome; CPT I deficiency; CPT II deficiency; glutaric aciduria type II; Kearns-Sayre syndrome; lactic acidosis; long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency; Leigh disease or syndrome; lethal infantile cardiomyopathy; Luft disease; medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency; myoclonic epilepsy and ragged-red fiber syndrome; mitochondrial cytopathy; mitochondrial recessive ataxia syndrome; mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome; myoneurogastrointestinal disorder and encephalopathy; Pearson syndrome; pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency; pyruvate carboxylase deficiency; POLG mutations; medium/short-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency; and very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency.
 35. The method according to claim 34, wherein the neurodegenerative disease is selected from Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, ischemia, stroke, dementia with Lewy bodies, and frontotemporal dementia; and Parkinson's disease related to mutations in α-synuclein, parkin and PINK1, autosomal recessive juvenile Parkinson's disease, where parkin is mutated.
 36. A method for treating cancer, comprising the step of administering an effective amount of a compound according to claim 22, or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of said compound or tautomer, to a patient in need thereof.
 37. The method according to claim 36, wherein the cancer is selected from breast, ovarian, prostate, lung, kidney, gastric, colon, testicular, head and neck, pancreas, brain, melanoma, bone or other cancers of tissue organs and cancers of the blood cells such as lymphomas and leukaemias, lymphoma, multiple myeloma, colorectal cancer, and non-small cell lung carcinoma; cancer where apoptotic pathways are dysregulated; and cancer where proteins of the BCL-2 family are mutated, or over or under expressed. 